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Sleep Apnea Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
- 1. SLEEP APNEA DR. AURODEEP DASGUPTA (PT) MPT – 2ND SEMESTER(CARDIO-THORACIC DISORDER)
- 2. DEFINITION It is defined as the cessation of breathing while sleeping. Sleep apnea is prevalent in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
- 3. Cont. This breathing disorder is associated with perturbations that includes Hypoxia Oxidative stress Sympathetic activation Endothelial dysfunction
- 4. CAUSES The primary cause of sleep apnea is the blockage of upper respiratory tract repeatedly by the soft tissue which leads to reduction or complete stoppage of the airflow.
- 5. Cont. Sleep apnea has been associated with incidence of Hypertension Coronary heart disease Arrhythmia Heart failure Stroke
- 6. TYPES Obstructive Sleep apnea (OSA): Its more common type of sleep apnea. It is caused by the blockage of the airway. Usually occurs due to the laxity of the soft tissue in the back of the throat which collapses during sleep. Central sleep apnea (CSA): unlike OSA, the airway is not blocked in this, but the brain fails to signal the muscles of respiration to breathe. This occurs due to the instability of the respiratory control.
- 7. Types Complex sleep-apnea syndrome: It is also known as treatment emergent central sleep apnea. Occurs when someone has both OSA and CSA.
- 8. PERSONS AT RISK Male Overweight Over 40 YO Having large neck size (M>17”/ F>16”) Having large tonsils, large tongue or small jaw bone Having family history of sleep apnea.
- 9. Cont. GERD Nasal obstruction due to deviated nasal septum (DNS), allergies, sinus problems
- 10. EFFECTS OF SLEEP APNEA High BP Stroke Heart failure, irregular heart beat, heart attack Diabetes Depression Headache
- 11. Cont. Worsening Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Poor performance of everyday activities.
- 12. SYMPTOMS Loud snoring Occasional waking up with a chocking or gasping sensation Sleepiness or lack of energy during the day Sleepiness while driving
- 13. Cont. Morning headaches Forgetfulness, mood changes Insomnia Fatigue Irritability
- 16. DIAGNOSIS Sleep apnea test Sleep analysis by Holter monitoring Nocturnal Polysomnogram
- 17. Pictures
- 18. OTHER TESTS EEG (Electroencephalogram) EMG (Electromyogram) EOG (Electrooculogram) ECG (Electrocardiogram) Nasal airflow sensor Snore microphone
- 19. TREATMENT Lose weight Avoiding sleeping pills and alcohols Changing sleep positions to facilitate air entry Stop smoking Ventilatory support (CPAP) Dental devices
- 20. Cont. Surgeries- Tonsil Nasal Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty Mandibular maxillomandibular advancement surgeries.
- 22. Dental Devices
- 23. Take Home Message We often ignore snoring by referring it to be normal. Instead of opting for proper treatment, we harass the person. But should not be the attitude. It a medical problem and we should advice/search for treatment or opinion.
- 24. Thank you