The UFC has followed a similar path to legitimacy and growth as other major professional sports leagues and organizations. It began as an underground sport facing opposition but has gained widespread mainstream acceptance through reforms like standardized rules and weight classes. The UFC struggled early on but gained momentum after being purchased by Zuffa, through the success of The Ultimate Fighter reality show, and a major TV deal with Fox that increased exposure and viewership, leading to rapid expansion. Today it is the largest MMA promotion in the world and continues to grow internationally with over 40 live events annually.
Similarities and differences between the UFC and other professional sports le...Nick Dawson
The UFC has followed a similar path to legitimacy and growth as other major professional sports leagues and individual sports. It faced early opposition due to violence but instituted rules changes to gain acceptance. The purchase by Zuffa and the success of The Ultimate Fighter reality show significantly increased the UFC's popularity in the 2000s. Today it is a major global brand worth billions, following the model of other established leagues and sports.
The document provides an overview of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), including:
- A brief history of UFC from its origins in the 1990s as a tournament format to its current status as a regulated sport overseen by state athletic commissions.
- Details on how UFC reformed its rules and branding to become more sport-like and remove more violent elements to gain greater acceptance and lift bans in many states.
- Quotes from UFC executives Dana White and Lorenzo Fertitta discussing what makes UFC appealing as a combat sport spectacle.
- A SWOT analysis identifying UFC's strengths in talent, revenues, and fanbase; weaknesses in fighter treatment and competition; opportunities in expansion and business divers
This document contains a 6 question sports quiz. The questions cover various sports like speed skating, cycling, football/soccer, and tennis. They ask about world champions in other sports besides speed skating, countries that have hosted the football world cup twice, terms used in cycling, things encountered in tennis, and famous races and stadium locations. The document provides the questions and then the answers to test the reader's sports knowledge.
This document contains a sports quiz with 20 multiple choice questions related to various sports like football, tennis, Formula 1 racing, and the Olympics. The questions cover topics like players who have won the most Ballon d'Or awards, the first Asian team to reach the Olympics soccer semifinals, and players who have won both the FIFA World Cup as a player and manager.
1. This document is the rules and questions for an "Xtreme Sports Quiz" trivia competition with 30 questions about extreme sports.
2. The top three teams that correctly answer the most questions will win exciting prizes, and the quiz masters' decisions are final.
3. The questions cover a wide range of extreme sports topics as well as some general sports trivia.
This document contains a sports quiz with multiple choice questions about various sports events and personalities. It includes 4 sections - Sports Quiz, Connect, Find Out, and Reasoning Round - with a total of 24 questions testing knowledge about cricket, football, field hockey, the Olympics and more. The questions cover topics like famous matches, player achievements and controversies from different eras in order to test the reader's sports trivia knowledge.
Mirko Cro Cop Suspended for Doping Violationisteroidscom
Mirko "Cro Cop" Filipovic became the first UFC fighter to be sanctioned under the UFC's drug testing program administered by USADA. He was provisionally suspended after withdrawing from a fight due to a potential anti-doping violation, later admitting to using HGH to treat a shoulder injury. Considered one of the greatest MMA and kickboxing heavyweights, Filipovic won championships in both sports and was known for his powerful left head kick.
Similarities and differences between the UFC and other professional sports le...Nick Dawson
The UFC has followed a similar path to legitimacy and growth as other major professional sports leagues and individual sports. It faced early opposition due to violence but instituted rules changes to gain acceptance. The purchase by Zuffa and the success of The Ultimate Fighter reality show significantly increased the UFC's popularity in the 2000s. Today it is a major global brand worth billions, following the model of other established leagues and sports.
The document provides an overview of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), including:
- A brief history of UFC from its origins in the 1990s as a tournament format to its current status as a regulated sport overseen by state athletic commissions.
- Details on how UFC reformed its rules and branding to become more sport-like and remove more violent elements to gain greater acceptance and lift bans in many states.
- Quotes from UFC executives Dana White and Lorenzo Fertitta discussing what makes UFC appealing as a combat sport spectacle.
- A SWOT analysis identifying UFC's strengths in talent, revenues, and fanbase; weaknesses in fighter treatment and competition; opportunities in expansion and business divers
This document contains a 6 question sports quiz. The questions cover various sports like speed skating, cycling, football/soccer, and tennis. They ask about world champions in other sports besides speed skating, countries that have hosted the football world cup twice, terms used in cycling, things encountered in tennis, and famous races and stadium locations. The document provides the questions and then the answers to test the reader's sports knowledge.
This document contains a sports quiz with 20 multiple choice questions related to various sports like football, tennis, Formula 1 racing, and the Olympics. The questions cover topics like players who have won the most Ballon d'Or awards, the first Asian team to reach the Olympics soccer semifinals, and players who have won both the FIFA World Cup as a player and manager.
1. This document is the rules and questions for an "Xtreme Sports Quiz" trivia competition with 30 questions about extreme sports.
2. The top three teams that correctly answer the most questions will win exciting prizes, and the quiz masters' decisions are final.
3. The questions cover a wide range of extreme sports topics as well as some general sports trivia.
This document contains a sports quiz with multiple choice questions about various sports events and personalities. It includes 4 sections - Sports Quiz, Connect, Find Out, and Reasoning Round - with a total of 24 questions testing knowledge about cricket, football, field hockey, the Olympics and more. The questions cover topics like famous matches, player achievements and controversies from different eras in order to test the reader's sports trivia knowledge.
Mirko Cro Cop Suspended for Doping Violationisteroidscom
Mirko "Cro Cop" Filipovic became the first UFC fighter to be sanctioned under the UFC's drug testing program administered by USADA. He was provisionally suspended after withdrawing from a fight due to a potential anti-doping violation, later admitting to using HGH to treat a shoulder injury. Considered one of the greatest MMA and kickboxing heavyweights, Filipovic won championships in both sports and was known for his powerful left head kick.
This document summarizes the format and questions from a sports quiz competition. It provides details on the different rounds, including list it, infinite bounce, and written rounds. The written rounds involve questions about pairs of brothers who both had success in sports. Specifically, it asks for the full names of 8 pairs of brothers. The document shares the questions and expected answers for the written rounds.
This document contains the questions and slides from a sports quiz competition with 30 multiple choice questions. It provides details on the format of the quiz, lists the sponsors and donors. It includes questions on various sports topics ranging from cricket, tennis, football, Olympics, and more. Images and videos are included as part of some of the questions.
I was responsible for the design, layout and cover of this one-off issue of Flex September 2014 magazine celebrating 50 years of the Mr Olympia bodybuilding competition, a best selling edition both in the UK and across Europe. Not published in the USA, I have since found out that it is a bit of a collectors item in the States with copies going for 5 times the cover price on E-Bay.
This document outlines the questions, answers, and scoring rules for a quiz competition involving multiple teams. It includes 32 questions asked in a clockwise direction with infinite bounce and scoring, followed by 5 written questions worth +5 points each. If a team gets all 5 written questions correct, they receive a bonus of +5. The questions cover a wide range of sports trivia topics.
Finals of the sports quiz conducted during the BITS Open Sports Meet. It was conducted by the English Language Activities Society in association with Budh International Circuit.
QMs- Deepak Gopinath & Mayank Kowshik
This document contains details of a sports quiz competition consisting of multiple choice and open ended questions across 3 rounds testing participants' knowledge of various sports topics. The rounds include a connect round with questions linking people, teams and events from different sports, a mixed bag round with descriptions and identifications, and a visual round with images to identify. An open question is also included after each round. The quiz covers a wide range of sports including cricket, football, tennis, Olympics and more. Participants are tested on their ability to recall facts, figures, events and connect related pieces of information from the domain of sports.
This document contains the answers to 20 sports-related trivia questions. Some of the questions and answers identify famous athletes like Kurt Angle, Shaquille O'Neal, and Fred Perry. Other answers relate to major sporting events like the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa and the Olympics. The final question and answer identify Roland Garros, the French pilot and WWI flying ace for whom the French Open tennis tournament is named.
This quiz document contains 30 questions about football for a quiz event held in July 2015 at Presidency University, Kolkata. The questions cover a range of topics related to football players, teams, tournaments, formations and terminology. The document provides rules for the quiz, indicating it will have 30 questions worth 1 mark each with some star questions counting extra for tie-breaks.
This document contains the text of an extreme sports quiz with 30 questions and answers. The quiz covers a wide range of topics related to extreme sports, athletes, movies, and other trivia. Participants were instructed to complete the quiz within the allotted time and the top three teams would win prizes.
The document provides a sports quiz from 2012 with missing information to be filled in across various sections on Olympics football medal winners, cricket players who have achieved batting and bowling honors at Lord's, and other sports trivia questions. It also includes a short profile on Neville D'Souza and quotes to be identified. The document contains a variety of sports and Olympics-related information from different time periods presented as a quiz or puzzle for the reader to solve.
1) Leryn Franco is a javelin thrower from Argentina who gained internet fame at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. She was ranked highly on lists of attractive athletes.
2) The 2016 Olympics logo is featured.
3) Inzamam-ul-Haq is missing from the list of cricketers provided.
The document provides a history of steroid use in several contexts:
1) It outlines the timeline of steroid development from the late 1800s to modern day and key events like the Olympics banning steroids.
2) It discusses Barry Bonds' career baseball records and indictment related to steroids.
3) It briefly summarizes the impacts of steroids on high school athletes, professional sports like football, cycling, wrestling and penalties for NHL players.
The document discusses various sports trivia questions and clues related to different sports personalities and events. It includes questions about records set by cricketers, terms originating from different sports, sporting rivalries and events, unique team strategies, and nicknames of famous athletes. The questions are part of a sports quiz with points awarded for correct answers.
Victor Martinez was born in 1973 in the Dominican Republic and moved to New York City as a child where he was raised. He has 10 siblings and over 30 nieces and nephews. During his teenage years, he was involved in various sports and began weight training. His training partner Steve Dickerson convinced him to pursue bodybuilding professionally. Victor has had success in many bodybuilding competitions, including several top 3 finishes at the Arnold Classic and Olympia.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of mixed martial arts (MMA) and the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). It discusses how MMA started underground in places like Brazil and Japan before the UFC was founded in 1993. It then summarizes the UFC's growth into a major sports organization from 2001 onward under new ownership. Porter's five forces analysis identifies the sport's competitive landscape and future potential for growth on a global scale.
This document provides the Unified Facilities Criteria for structural engineering. It adopts the 2012 International Building Code structural design provisions for DoD building design and renovation. It includes modifications and supplements to the IBC and ASCE/SEI 7 structural design standards. Site-specific load data tables are provided for wind, snow, earthquake, and frost conditions in the United States and its territories as well as overseas locations. Guidance is also given for structural design of other facility types and best practices. The document aims to provide current criteria consistent with industry codes and standards for structural design of DoD facilities.
This document summarizes the format and questions from a sports quiz competition. It provides details on the different rounds, including list it, infinite bounce, and written rounds. The written rounds involve questions about pairs of brothers who both had success in sports. Specifically, it asks for the full names of 8 pairs of brothers. The document shares the questions and expected answers for the written rounds.
This document contains the questions and slides from a sports quiz competition with 30 multiple choice questions. It provides details on the format of the quiz, lists the sponsors and donors. It includes questions on various sports topics ranging from cricket, tennis, football, Olympics, and more. Images and videos are included as part of some of the questions.
I was responsible for the design, layout and cover of this one-off issue of Flex September 2014 magazine celebrating 50 years of the Mr Olympia bodybuilding competition, a best selling edition both in the UK and across Europe. Not published in the USA, I have since found out that it is a bit of a collectors item in the States with copies going for 5 times the cover price on E-Bay.
This document outlines the questions, answers, and scoring rules for a quiz competition involving multiple teams. It includes 32 questions asked in a clockwise direction with infinite bounce and scoring, followed by 5 written questions worth +5 points each. If a team gets all 5 written questions correct, they receive a bonus of +5. The questions cover a wide range of sports trivia topics.
Finals of the sports quiz conducted during the BITS Open Sports Meet. It was conducted by the English Language Activities Society in association with Budh International Circuit.
QMs- Deepak Gopinath & Mayank Kowshik
This document contains details of a sports quiz competition consisting of multiple choice and open ended questions across 3 rounds testing participants' knowledge of various sports topics. The rounds include a connect round with questions linking people, teams and events from different sports, a mixed bag round with descriptions and identifications, and a visual round with images to identify. An open question is also included after each round. The quiz covers a wide range of sports including cricket, football, tennis, Olympics and more. Participants are tested on their ability to recall facts, figures, events and connect related pieces of information from the domain of sports.
This document contains the answers to 20 sports-related trivia questions. Some of the questions and answers identify famous athletes like Kurt Angle, Shaquille O'Neal, and Fred Perry. Other answers relate to major sporting events like the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa and the Olympics. The final question and answer identify Roland Garros, the French pilot and WWI flying ace for whom the French Open tennis tournament is named.
This quiz document contains 30 questions about football for a quiz event held in July 2015 at Presidency University, Kolkata. The questions cover a range of topics related to football players, teams, tournaments, formations and terminology. The document provides rules for the quiz, indicating it will have 30 questions worth 1 mark each with some star questions counting extra for tie-breaks.
This document contains the text of an extreme sports quiz with 30 questions and answers. The quiz covers a wide range of topics related to extreme sports, athletes, movies, and other trivia. Participants were instructed to complete the quiz within the allotted time and the top three teams would win prizes.
The document provides a sports quiz from 2012 with missing information to be filled in across various sections on Olympics football medal winners, cricket players who have achieved batting and bowling honors at Lord's, and other sports trivia questions. It also includes a short profile on Neville D'Souza and quotes to be identified. The document contains a variety of sports and Olympics-related information from different time periods presented as a quiz or puzzle for the reader to solve.
1) Leryn Franco is a javelin thrower from Argentina who gained internet fame at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. She was ranked highly on lists of attractive athletes.
2) The 2016 Olympics logo is featured.
3) Inzamam-ul-Haq is missing from the list of cricketers provided.
The document provides a history of steroid use in several contexts:
1) It outlines the timeline of steroid development from the late 1800s to modern day and key events like the Olympics banning steroids.
2) It discusses Barry Bonds' career baseball records and indictment related to steroids.
3) It briefly summarizes the impacts of steroids on high school athletes, professional sports like football, cycling, wrestling and penalties for NHL players.
The document discusses various sports trivia questions and clues related to different sports personalities and events. It includes questions about records set by cricketers, terms originating from different sports, sporting rivalries and events, unique team strategies, and nicknames of famous athletes. The questions are part of a sports quiz with points awarded for correct answers.
Victor Martinez was born in 1973 in the Dominican Republic and moved to New York City as a child where he was raised. He has 10 siblings and over 30 nieces and nephews. During his teenage years, he was involved in various sports and began weight training. His training partner Steve Dickerson convinced him to pursue bodybuilding professionally. Victor has had success in many bodybuilding competitions, including several top 3 finishes at the Arnold Classic and Olympia.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of mixed martial arts (MMA) and the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). It discusses how MMA started underground in places like Brazil and Japan before the UFC was founded in 1993. It then summarizes the UFC's growth into a major sports organization from 2001 onward under new ownership. Porter's five forces analysis identifies the sport's competitive landscape and future potential for growth on a global scale.
This document provides the Unified Facilities Criteria for structural engineering. It adopts the 2012 International Building Code structural design provisions for DoD building design and renovation. It includes modifications and supplements to the IBC and ASCE/SEI 7 structural design standards. Site-specific load data tables are provided for wind, snow, earthquake, and frost conditions in the United States and its territories as well as overseas locations. Guidance is also given for structural design of other facility types and best practices. The document aims to provide current criteria consistent with industry codes and standards for structural design of DoD facilities.
Cameron Men's Basketball at West Texas A&M Game Notescameronaggies
1. The document provides the 2014-15 schedule and results for the Cameron Aggie Men's Basketball team. It lists their games played from November to February along with wins and losses.
2. It also includes statistics for the top players on the Cameron Aggies and their upcoming opponent, West Texas A&M.
3. The summary provides an overview of the Cameron Aggies' current win streak and national rankings for shooting percentage and assists. It also discusses upcoming games.
Roland Barthes' 1957 essay "The World of Wrestling" analyzes wrestling as a spectacle rather than a sport. Barthes views wrestling as a theatrical performance with sign systems embodied in wrestlers' physiques and gestures that convey meaning to spectators. Like theater, wrestling presents human suffering through exaggerated performances and costumes that represent the "tragic play." While resembling sports, wrestling has no true winner but aims to perform expected motions. The villainous wrestler embodies past misdeeds through their physique and usually suffers defeat, representing the moral concept of justice. Barthes argues wrestling presents an "absolute" display that spectators accept without question.
Online Classified Ad in Newspaper Whitianga, Mercury Bay | the Mercury Bay In...theinformer119
Do you want to sell or buy something? Find unlimited buyer or seller with easy online advertisements with us at- theinformer.co.nz in New Zealand. Classified ads for cars, jobs, real estate, and everything else or create your own ad with us and display in New Zealand!
Avoiding data breach using security intelligence and big data to stay out of ...IBM Security
Attackers and exploits are becoming increasingly sophisticated, and the pressure to protect business critical data is only getting more and more intense. Security Intelligence transforms the playing field by adding analytics and context, and shifts the balance in favor of the good guys. Today forward thinking organizations are looking at extending Security Intelligence even further by combining it with Big Data to form a solution that allows them to analyze new types of information, and data that travels at higher velocity, and in larger volume. This powerful combination yields new insights that can more effectively identify threats and fraud than ever before.
In this session, attendees will learn how to combine Security Intelligence and Big Data, and deploy a solution that is well suited for structured, repeatable tasks. We will also cover the addition of complementary new technologies that address speed and flexibility, and are ideal for analyzing unstructured data. This session will also highlight how organizations are using Security Intelligence to pro-actively detect advanced threats before they cause damage, and take effective corrective action if a compromise succeeds.
View the On-demand webinar: https://www2.gotomeeting.com/register/657029698
Roland Barthes was a scholar who researched how audiences interpret visual narratives. He argued that audiences look for signs and deeper meanings in stories, based on their prior knowledge of conventions from old tales and myths. His theory of semiology examines the relationship between the signifier (the object or image) and the signified (the meaning or interpretation). For example, a stop sign can be interpreted not just as a traffic sign, but also as representing restrictions on a community's freedom of movement. This document applies Barthes' semiological theory to analyzing representations and deeper meanings in film.
A look at realities about money; the only five ways that a person can handle money; and some action steps toward becoming a faithful steward of finances. Presented to participants in the Support Raising Workshop, Calvary Church, State College, Pennsylvania, on 7-25-2013.
The document describes the landscaping design of an MBA block building. It discusses various landscaping elements at the building entrance, courtyard, exterior, and interior courtyard. Trees, plants, pathways, and seating areas are used to create an informal setting and provide shade. The landscaping aims to reduce noise levels and temperatures while connecting indoor and outdoor spaces. Roof gardens, green walls, and hydroponics are also mentioned as landscape design approaches for the building.
The document proposes holding a UFC event at Yankee Stadium in New York City. It would feature 11 fights over 3 hours, including a main event between Lyoto Machida and Anderson Silva. The event aims to bring UFC to a new market and establish a new tradition at Yankee Stadium. It provides details on marketing, PR plans, potential fights and fighters, and financial projections for the event.
Physical Education project presentation of combative sports. General Mariano Alvarez Technical High School
General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite, Philippines
Grade 11 - F. Baltazar (S.Y. 2016 - 2017)
The early UFC events from 1993-2001 had very few rules, allowing techniques like eye gouging and head butting. This led to more injuries and unfair fights. Royce Gracie was the first UFC champion by using ground fighting to defeat larger opponents. Over time, weight classes and more structured rules were added to promote safety and fairness. By 2001, the UFC had evolved into the modern sport it is today with standardized rules and weight divisions.
The document discusses the history and growth of both the UFC and boxing as combat sports. It notes that the UFC has grown rapidly since its founding in 1993 and now attracts large audiences for its events. Meanwhile, boxing has a much longer history dating back centuries but now faces competition from the UFC for audiences and popularity. The document considers whether the UFC's growth means a decline for boxing and if boxing will need to evolve its marketing strategies to maintain interest.
Mixed martial arts (MMA) combines different martial arts techniques from both standing and ground fighting. It traces its origins to Pankration in the Greek Olympics around 648 BC which had few rules. In the 20th century, vale tudo grew popular in Brazil and helped develop MMA. Rorion Gracie founded the Ultimate Fighting Championship in 1993 which helped standardize rules and promote MMA in the US by showcasing different martial arts styles competing against each other. Common martial arts styles used in MMA include boxing, Muay Thai, wrestling, judo, and Brazilian jiu-jitsu which train different aspects of stand-up, clinch and ground fighting.
THQ announced in 2008 that it would release an official UFC video game in 2009 for the Xbox 360 and PS3, titled UFC 2009 Undisputed. It was the first UFC game released since 2004 and featured many top fighters. The game allowed users to create virtual UFC fighters and participate in championships. A playable demo was released in April 2009 featuring Chuck Liddell vs Mauricio Rua. A sequel, UFC Undisputed 2010, was scheduled for May 2010 release.
The document discusses how MMA equipment has evolved along with the sport. Early UFC events lacked safety rules and features, but the sport now has standardized rules across organizations to make it safer. Modern MMA fighters train in multiple martial arts like boxing, Muay Thai, judo, BJJ, and wrestling. They require a full kit of specialized training equipment for different disciplines, including gloves, hand wraps, shin guards, head guards, and gis. This equipment has helped professional MMA athletes become some of the most finely tuned on the planet through intensive daily multi-session training regimes.
Mixed martial arts has evolved from its ancient Greek roots in Pankration to today's modern sport through the incorporation of fighting styles from around the world. MMA began to take shape in the early 1900s and grew more popular and organized through the 1990s. The UFC now hosts the most talented fighters who use techniques from boxing, wrestling, judo, jiu-jitsu, Muay Thai and other martial arts. Fights can be won by knockout, submission, judges' decision, or TKO under a standardized set of rules designed to incorporate victories from different combat disciplines.
Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a full contact combat sport that allows fighters to use techniques from various martial arts such as wrestling, boxing, Muay Thai, judo, and Brazilian jiu-jitsu. MMA originated from Pankration, a sport in ancient Greece that involved boxing and wrestling. In modern times, MMA was popularized by the Ultimate Fighting Championship in the 1990s and has since developed standardized rules and weight classes. Current MMA competitions consist of rounds of standing strikes and ground grappling with the goal of a knockout, submission, or judges' decision.
The UFC is the largest MMA promotion company featuring top-ranked fighters across 9 weight divisions. Headquartered in Las Vegas, it has over 300 events to date and is led by President Dana White. Reebok has an exclusive deal to be the UFC's outfitter, providing fighters' apparel. MMA involves various martial arts and matches end by submission, knockout, referee stoppage or decision over 3 to 5 rounds.
The document provides an overview of World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It discusses how WWE was formerly called World Wrestling Federation but had to change its name due to a dispute over the initials WWF. It then describes some of the different types of matches in WWE like triple threat matches, tables ladders and chairs matches, and royal rumbles. Finally, it discusses whether wrestling is real or fake, noting that most matches are staged but wrestling still involves real injuries, pain, and athleticism.
O jiu-jitsu brasileiro (BJJ) é uma das artes marciais que mais cresce no mundo. Praticantes de todas as idades e de todos os estilos de vida praticam a arte por uma variedade de razões, incluindo autodefesa, condicionamento físico e etc.
Visite nosso website oficial: https://bjjtrainer.com.br
Boxing is a combat sport where two opponents fight within a roped square ring. They use gloves to hit each other while avoiding blows, competing over a series of timed rounds with breaks in between. The sport originated in ancient Greece and grew popular among working classes in the 18th-19th centuries. Standard rules were established in the mid-19th century, requiring gloves and limiting rounds. Boxing remains controversial due to its violence but is internationally popular, especially certain heavyweight champions from the United States in the 20th century.
Boxing is a combat sport where two opponents fight within a roped square ring using gloves. Matches consist of several rounds, usually 3 minutes each, with breaks in between. Winners are determined by judges' decisions, knockouts, or if a boxer cannot continue. Over time, rules have been established to govern equipment, weight classes, and safety aspects of professional boxing matches. Though controversial due to its violence, boxing remains popular worldwide with famous champions emerging from different cultures and eras.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), including that it features almost no-holds barred martial arts competitions in a ring where fighters use different styles like jiu-jitsu, karate, and muay thai. It notes that 50% of UFC bouts end in a knockout, 30% in a submission, and 20% by decision. It also describes The Ultimate Fighter reality TV series that gives competitors a chance to earn a UFC contract, and lists qualities like strength, conditioning, and mental toughness that are required to be a UFC fighter. Fan support for UFC has increased significantly from 2000 to 2008.
The earliest forms of boxing were bare knuckle fights in ancient times with no set rules. In the 1700s, boxing became more organized in England through events like Prize Fighting. The first set of rules, called Broughton's Rules, were introduced in 1743. The Marquess of Queensberry rules established in 1867 became the official rules, regulating things like rounds, weight classes, and referees. Boxing became a mainstream sport in the 20th century as organizations formed to govern the professional sport.
This document provides information about UFC (Ultimate Fighting Championship) fighting classes and title holders, viewership and social media statistics. It summarizes that UFC has 8 male weight classes ranging from flyweight to heavyweight, with 2 women's classes. It details the current champions and number of fighters in each class. The document also outlines UFC's strong social media presence and engagement, with millions of tweets about events and shows each year. UFC attracts a passionate audience that is very active online and on social media.
Similar to Similarities and Differences between the UFC and other Professional Sports Leagues (19)
2. OVERVIEW
Discussion of professional sports
History of Mixed Martial Arts (MMA)
Market similarities between the UFC and other professional sports
organizations
Labor similarities between the UFC and other professional sports
leagues
Future outlook
3. ORIGINS OF SPORTS
Exact origins of sports is unknown
There is a lot of difficulty in defining what exactly constitutes a sport
With the evidence we have it can be difficult to determine if an artifact is actually
depicting a game or sport
Humans appear to have an innate desire to engage in play
Every culture has various types of sports
Racing
Hand to hand combat
Stick and ball games
Feats of strength
4. WHY DO WE PLAY SPORTS?
Skill development
Hunting
Fighting
Social Status
Means of signaling social status
Demonstrating ability to work
Religious and Cultural significance
To honor the gods
Pay tribute to ancestors
Entertainment
Break from the mundane
To entertain others
5. HOW DID PROFESSIONAL
SPORTS COME ABOUT?
Antiquity
Nationalistic pride
Ex. Greeks and the Olympics
Athletes competed to honor the Gods
Bring glory to their homeland
Personal gain
Demonstration of wealth
Sponsoring an athlete was something only the wealthy could do
For leaders, it increased popularity and distracted people from true problems
6. WHAT ARE THE ORIGINS OF
PROFESSIONAL SPORTS
TODAY?
Sports continued largely unchanged over the centuries
Sports were largely for the wealthy to participate in and watch
The Industrial Revolution changed professional sports
Shift in population demographics
Disposable income and leisure time
Mass production
Cheap and fast transportation
Mass communication
7. WHAT IS MIXED MARTIAL
ARTS?
“Broadly speaking, MMA refers to any activity which entails an
amalgam of un-armed combat styles though different striking
techniques, grappling techniques, and fighting on the ground. Bouts
are decided by knockout, submission, or decision”
8. WHAT IS MIXED MARTIAL
ARTS?
MMA is comprised of a variety of hand to hand combat disciplines
with unique origins
Emphasis of striking on the feet
Boxing
Kickboxing
Maui Thai
Taekwondo
Emphasis on fighting on the ground
Wrestling
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
Judo
9. ORIGINS OF MMA
A means of determining the “best” style of fighting
Predecessors
Pankration in ancient Greece
Combination of the existing Olympic sports of boxing and wrestling
Rules
No time limit. Bouts only ended via knockout or submission
No weight classes
No biting or eye gouging
Became the most popular sport of the original Olympics
10. HISTORY OF MMA
Crossover Bouts
Became popular during the 19th century
Contests between western styles of fighting
Boxer vs. Wrestler
Tough guy contests
Sideshows
Demonstrations by practitioners of Eastern styles of fighting
Jigoro Kano developed Judo through the study of ancient Japanese martial arts
Students such as Mitsuya Maeda set out to demonstrate the effectiveness of Judo
11. HISTORY OF MMA
Vale Tudo
“Anything goes” fighting in Brazil
Maeda eventually settled in Brazil
Taught Judo to the Gracies
Led by the Helio Gracie, the family further developed their own style that became known as Brazilian Jiu-
In order to learn and prove the effectiveness of their style, the Gracies engaged in Vale Tudo challenge
Immensely popular in Brazil
12. HISTORY OF MMA
The Ultimate Fighting Championships
Prior to UFC 1
Prior to the UFC, fighters fought within their disciplines
There was no way to determine what style was the “best”
Rorian Gracie
Moved to the United States to spread Gracie Jiu-Jitsu but found his ability to do so limited.
Met Art Davie, an advertiser for Tecate beer looking for something that appealed to 18-34 year old males.
13. UFC 1
The Idea
Davie thought that Rorian had money making potential.
After consulting movie director John Milius, the three men came up with the idea of a mixed martial arts
known as “War of the Worlds”.
The idea was pitched to pay per view company SEG. SEG executive
Despite initial skepticism, Campbell McClaren pushed the idea to SEG owner, Bob Meyrowitz
Name was changed from “War of the Worlds” to “The Ultimate Fighting Championships.”
14. UFC 1
The event was to be a one night tournament aired on SEG
Fights took place in a caged pit became known as the Octagon.
Distinguished the event from boxing. Made the contest easily viewable for those in attendance and
on PPV.
The venue chosen to host UFC 1 was McNichols Arena in Denver Colorado
The rules were similar to those of Pankration
There were to be no weight classes
No time limits
Fights could only end via knock out, submission, or throwing in the towel.
The only rules were no eye gouging, no biting, and no strikes to the groin.
15. UFC 1
Selection of competitors
Rorian had a lot of influence in the selection process
Wanted to use event to promote Gracie Jiu-Jitsu
Decided to use one his brothers, Royce Gracie, to represent the Gracie family due to his smaller stature.
Fighters came from a wide range of martial arts backgrounds
Gerard Gordeau (Savate)
Teila Tuli (Sumo wrestling)
Kevin Rosier (Kickboxing)
Zane Frasier (American Kenpo)
Royce Gracie (BJJ)
Art Jimmerson (Boxing)
Ken Shamrock (Shootfighing)
Patrick Smith (Taekwondo)
16. UFC 1
The event was a surprising success
SEG recorded over 86,000 pay per view buys despite limited advertising
The audience had little understanding about MMA
First bout, Gerard Gordeau kicked sumo wrestler Teila Tuli in the face, knocking several of his teeth into
Professional boxer Art Jimmerson was easily defeated by the smaller Gracie.
Gracie went on to defeat former professional wrestler, Ken Shamrock in the semi-final bout.
In the final bout of the tournament, Gracie choked out Gordeau and earned the title of UFC champion and
prize.
UFC 1
17. UFC: EARLY DAYS
The violence and surprising result captured a lot of attention
Many wanted to see more
Videotapes of UFC 1 were very popular
Future events were planned
Others were appalled at the brutal nature of the sport
Senator John McCain referred to it as “Human cock fighting”
Politicians sought to ban the sport
Pressured cable companies and eventually UFC fights were only available through dish which meant
buys
Difficulty in getting sanctioned by state gaming commissions
Many states, including New York, banned the sport all together
The UFC struggled to put on events during the late 1990s
Quality diminished as events were held in smaller venues
Top fighters left to compete in the Japanese organization known as Pride FC
18. UFC: EARLY DAYS
Rules were implemented to make the sport more acceptable
Competitors were required to wear protective equipment
Gloves, mouthpiece, and cup
Weight classes were established.
Contests were limited to 3 or 5 rounds of 5 minutes.
This meant that fights could be decided via judge decision
Rules were also instituted that prohibited certain actions during the fight
Head butting, blows to the back of the head.
UFC caught a break in 2000 when New Jersey began sanctioning MMA
fights
19. ZUFFA OWERNESHIP
Meyrowitz sold the UFC to Zuffa in February, 2001.
Frank and Lorenzo Fertitta purchased the UFC for $2 million and made Dana White
president.
The Fertittas and White sought to turn the UFC into a legitimate sport.
The first four years of Zuffa ownership were challenging
They succeeded in getting back on cable due to sanctioning and improved
production value
Quality of events varied
Fans had no connection to fighters
20. THE ULTIMATE FIGHTER
In order to spur interest in the sport, the UFC and Spike TV created a
reality TV show known as The Ultimate Fighter
Format
Contestants lived and trained together under the tutelage of Chuck Liddell and
Randy Couture
Challenge was to fight through a tournament and win a contract with the UFC
Goal
Refresh the talent pool of the UFC
Introduce fighters to fans to increase viewership
Promote the upcoming title fight between Liddell and Couture
21. THE ULTIMATE FIGHTER
The popularity of the show varied greatly
Contained many of the same elements of other reality shows of the time
The quality of fighting on the show varied greatly
Finale
Finale of the light heavyweight tournament featured Stephan Bonnar and Forest
Griffin
The fight was highly entertaining. Griffin won a decision but both men were given contracts due to the
quality of the fight
Viewership spiked considerably during the bout
Led to a long term deal between the UFC and Spike
TUF Finale
22. POST TUF
Popularity of the UFC skyrocketed
The sport was covered by the mainstream media
A week later, UFC 52 set a PPV buy record of over 280,000 purchases
Since 2005, the sport of MMA and the UFC have continued to grow
In 2011, the UFC left Spike and signed a 7 year, $700 million television deal with
Sports
Live events
Replays
Talk shoes
TUF
The UFC is set to celebrate a major milestone with UFC 200 on July 9th, 2016
From 2008-2012, the average number of PPV buys was 526,470
24. THE UFC TODAY
Expansion of rules
Has grown from 3 to 30
Deal largely with the safety of participants
Ex. No kicking, stomping, or kneeing the head of a downed opponent
Medical suspensions
Standard uniform
Trunks
No shoes, kneepads, braces, etc…
Gloves, cup, and mouthpiece
25. THE UFC TODAY
Owned and operated by Zuffa, LLC
Headquartered in Las Vegas
Offices in London, Toronto and Singapore
Produces more than 40 live events annually and is the largest Pay-Per-View
event provider in the world
Broadcast in over 129 countries and territories
Nearly 800 million TV households worldwide
Regularly airs events through FOX Sports 1
Four live events broadcast on the FOX network annually
UFC Fight Nights
Thousands of hours of programming broadcast on FOX properties FOX Sports 1 and FOX
2.
Includes The Ultimate Fighter®, the longest running reality TV show
Estimated worth around $3 billion
26. COMPARISON
The turbulent history of the UFC is similar to that of other
professional sports leagues
New sports usually face opposition at first and develop as a
subculture
As time goes on, changes in regulations and increased exposure to
the sport allow for growth
Eventually the sport gains mainstream acceptance
27. BASEBALL
Origins date back to before the Civil War
Helped spread “New York” style baseball around the country and this resulted in the
formation of the first professional baseball team, the Cincinnati Red Stockings, in
1869.
Baseball’s popularity exploded during the late 1800s and early 1900s.
Professional teams arose in cities across the country and a variety of leagues were formed to govern
them. Two leagues came to dominate the sport
National League
American League
These leagues were characterized by conflict and instability.
National Association was formed to govern the two leagues.
The two leagues utilized the World Series to determine which league’s champion was superior.
The national Association eventually evolved into the MLB and helped to expand the scope of the league
during the latter half of the 20th century
28. FOOTBALL
The legitimization process of professional football was a tumultuous
one
Football emerged as an altered version of soccer and rugby sometime in the middle
of the 19th century. The first “official” American football
Initially, football was exclusively an amateur sport reserved for colleges and
amateur clubs.
The first instance of pay to play occurred in 1892
The precedent for play for pay led to the creation of numerous
regional football leagues
The first attempt at a national league was in 1920
Mainstream acceptance during the 1950s
Formation of the American Football League occurred in 1960 and led to fierce
competition between the two leagues
NFL and AFL merged into the National Football League in 1966
29. HOCKEY
Historical evidence suggests that some form of the game existed as
early as the late 1700s.
The sport gained popularity in Canada where it developed into the
game we know today.
The first attempts at regulating the sport took place in the 1880s and
began to be played professionally in the Lake Michigan League in
1904.
Numerous organizations came and went before the establishment of the NHL in
1917.
The league remained largely unchanged between the 1920s and 1960s.
Underwent period of expansion during the 1960s and 1990s. In both instances, the league sought to
expand its geographic scope in order to increase revenues.
30. BASKETBALL
Basketball made a quicker transition to the professional level than the
other major leagues
Invented by Dr. James Naismith in 1891
By 1894 professional leagues began to form
NBA was formed and in 1949 it merged with the National Basketball
League
In 1967 the American basketball Association was formed to challenge
the NBA
The premise was on presenting consumers with a different and more exciting style
basketball that emphasized play above the rim and three point shots
The ABA enjoyed a successful run and in 1976 the ABA’s top four teams merged
NBA
31. INDIVIDUAL SPORTS
Tennis and golf
Can trace their origins back to the Middle Ages.
The current governing bodies of these sports can trace their roots back over a
The International Tennis Federation was formed in 1913
Professional Golfers Association was formed in 1916
NASCAR
The American racing organization can trace its roots back to runners of moonshine
Prohibition.
Drivers began to race one another and stock car racing was born.
In 1947 the National Association of Stock Car Racing was formed. Since then, NASCAR has expanded its
divisions and grown into one of the most popular spectator sports in the United States.
32. INDIVIDUAL SPORTS
Boxing
The sport that MMA resembles the most
Very popular in the United States was during the 19th and 20th centuries
During the 20th century, an emphasis was placed on being a champion
Various publications and sanctioning bodies began labeling fighters as champions during the early 20th
title fights became huge draws
The number of sanctioning bodies began to grow and there were more and more discrepancies about
true champion at any given weight
Being recognized as a world champion required a consensus among sanctioning bodies such as the
Boxing Association, the World Boxing Association, the World Boxing Council, and the International
Federation
Decline
Starting in the 1990s, boxing began to experience a decline in popularity
Participants and spectators had turned their attention towards other spectator sports
Lack of star power within boxing.
33. MARKET STRUCTURE
In sports, teams band together to form leagues in order to improve
the quality of competition.
Schedule stability
Common set of rules
The goal of leagues is to maximize the profits of the entire league
Competitive balance must exist on the playing field
Competition must happen on the field. Competing with each other off the field
diminish the monopoly power of the league
Revenue sharing
This paradox of competition on the field and cooperation off of it
makes sports leagues unique examples of cartels.
34. MARKET STRUCTURE
While the UFC is the industry leader in MMA, it operates differently
than other professional organizations
Other organizations must attempt to maximize profits for the league
The UFC operates more like a traditional company than a cartel
It seeks to maximize its own profits
It is privately owned and operated
The UFC reached its dominant position by acquiring rival
organizations
WEC
Pride FC
Strikeforce
35. WEC
Established in California in 2001
Focused on lighter weight fighters
UFC placed a greater emphasis on fighters in the welterweight (170lbs),
middleweight (185lbs), light heavyweight (205lbs), and heavyweight divisions
(265lbs)
WEC focused on bantam weight (135lbs), featherweight (145lbs), and lightweight
(155lbs)
The WEC sought to differentiate itself from the UFC by providing fans faster, more
active fighters
To further increase the level of action in its fights, the WEC utilized a smaller cage
The WEC enjoyed success because it was the premier fighting league
for smaller fighters. The WEC was popular enough to secure a TV
contract with the NBC owned network Versus in 2007
36. ACQUISITION OF THE WEC
Zuffa bought the WEC in 2006
Aligned its regulations with those of the UFC.
Began to integrate weight classes into UFC
Heavyweight and Super Heavyweight (2006)
Light Heavyweight and Middle weight in (2008)
Welterweight (2009)
Lightweight, Featherweight, Bantamweight, and Flyweight (2010)
Allowing the WEC to continue to operate benefitted the UFC
Fighters such as Chad Mendes, Urijah Faber, and Benson Henderson all made their
names in the WEC
Developed into the type of draws that would attract PPV buys
37. PRIDE FC
Based in Japan
Enjoyed success as the UFC struggled
Many top American fighters took their talents to Japan
Pride events and grand prix tournaments paid much higher salaries and bonuses
than the UFC was able to at this time
Pride events were major hits in Japan
Crowds of over 70,000
38. ACQUISITION OF PRIDE FC
As the UFC was growing, Pride began to decline
Scandal
The organization had long been rumored to be connected to the Yakuza gangs of Japan
In 2006 the Japanese media began covering the matter
Forced Fuji TV to pull PRIDE from the air
PRIDE attempted to bring its shows to the United States
Put on events at Caesar’s Palace
Moderate success
Live gate attendance was on par with UFC events
PRIDE was unable to achieve the same type of PPV results
The UFC was able to secure a deal to purchase all of PRIDE’s assets.
Eliminated a competing company
Gained a large amount of talent
39. STRIKEFORCE
Initially began as a kickboxing promotion
Moved into the field of MMA in 2006
Carried fighters at seven different weight classes ranging from Bantamweight to
Heavyweight
In addition to the seven male weight classes, Strikeforce also operated two female
Zuffa’s acquisition of Strikeforce in 2011 has improved the quality of
the UFC
Addition of women’s division
Talent infusion
Robbie Lawler, Fabrico Werdum, Daniel Cormier, Luke Rockhold, Rhonda Rousey, and Miesha Tate
40. CURRENT COMPETITORS
Bellator MMA
Top rival
Television deal with Spike TV
Lured Benson Henderson away from UFC
Not a major threat at this time
Lack of overall talent
Weak PPV sales
Fight quality
World Series of Fighting
Broadcasted by NBC sports
Similar profile as Bellator
ONE
Based in Singapore
Largest promotion in Asia
Potential Long-term threat
41. SIMILARITIES TO OTHER
PROFESSIONAL SPORTS
Baseball
National League and American League united under the National Association
Later known as MLB
Football
Merger of the NFL and the AFL
Basketball
Merger of the NBA and ABA
42. VIEWERSHIP MODELS
Seats at live events
Same across all sports
Contracts to air events on television
The UFC relies heavily on a PPV model to generate revenues
Other sports do not
Team sports and individual sports such as Tennis, Golf, and NASCAR have many events over the course of
respective seasons
This makes PPV impractical
Free cable
Large followings of these sports appeals to sponsors
Sponsors appeal to television networks
43. VIEWERSHIP MODELS OF
OTHER LEAGUES
In recent years, major professional sports such as the NFL and NBA
have begun testing the idea of PPV programming
Barriers to viewership
Time zone differences
Cable provider options
Blackout zones
Premium viewing packages
Sunday Ticket, Extra Innings
Enables viewers to watch any game that is taking place
Paying for unused content
44. VIEWERSHIP MODELS OF
OTHER LEAGUES
The NBA has begun to pioneer a response to this dilemma
Use of single game purchase
Enables customers to watch the game they want, wherever they want to
It will be interesting to see if the NFL, NBA, and others move fully into
PPV broadcasting
Will consumers be willing to pay to watch games that they are relatively indifferent
Professional leagues will likely use a PPV model to price discriminate
against certain customers
45. UFC VIEWERSHIP MODEL
UFC is expanding its viewership options in the other direction
Under the SEG and the early days of Zuffa ownership, the UFC followed an
exclusively PPV model
UFC turned to Spike TV to generate interest in the sport
The success of TUF ensured that the UFC would survive
White envisioned weekly fights on cable like Friday Night Fights
This vision has taken the form of “UFC Fight Nights” and “UFC on Fox”.
Typically feature contenders and newcomers to the organization on their fight cards
Maintains the UFC’s foothold in the world of mainstream sports
Showcases up and coming fighters
47. UFC VIEWERSHIP MODEL
The UFC on Fox is the name given to the 4 UFC events that are aired
on FOX’s main channel
The UFC on FOX is also offered on FOX Sports 1 and FOX Sports 2
prior to main events
Viewers can watch the preliminary bouts of a main event for free immediately
before the PPV segment of the event
While watching the preliminary fights, fans are also bombarded with promotions for
the impending PPV main card
Teasers
Short documentaries about the upcoming headliners
The goal is to attract viewers and then convince them to buy the
upcoming main event when their interest is highest
48. CONNECTING WITH FANS
Importance of attracting and retaining viewers
The UFC seeks to connect fans to the fighters
UFC Countdown
Creates in depth documentaries about the headliners
UFC Embedded
Camera crews follow a fighter around his or her daily life about two weeks out and culminate with the
weigh ins the night before the fight.
Every sport has some sort of documentary series
NFL series Hard Knocks
The NFL usually designates a team undergoing change or trying to recover from a lackluster season as
the topic of the show
Camera crews document various story lines that emerge throughout training camp. Star players,
journeymen, and newcomers fighting for a roster spot are all included in the series to thicken the plot
49. SPONSORSHIP IN SPORTS
Advertising is common across all professional sports
Sponsors realize the mass popularity of sports and that this serves as a means of
reaching millions of potential customers
Producers and sellers of every product or service imaginable use sports
sponsorship as a means of reaching out to customers
The advertising for the sponsor can be located in many different facets of the sport
Traditional advertising
Arenas and stadiums can have a company’s name attached to it
Sponsored gear, uniforms, and apparel
50. SPONSORSHIP IN THE UFC
The UFC’s sponsors in 2015 included
Bud Light
Reebok
Harley Davidson
MetroPCS
MusclePharm
EA Sports
Toyo Tires
FRAM
51. SPONSORSHIP IN THE UFC
Commercials and product placement at media events are used just as they are in other
sports leagues
Sponsors are also mentioned during the prefight introductions and commentary
The Octagon itself serves as a means of marketing
Promotions are printed onto the floor and posts of the fencing
The fighters themselves serve as a promotional tool
Upon entering the cage, the fighter’s corner will unravel a banner listing all of their individual sponsors
The gear that fighters wear is also a form of promotion
52.
53.
54. SPONSORSHIP
CONTROVERSY IN THE UFC
Currently fighters are issued Reebok fighting gear that they are
required to wear
This move was designed to give the UFC the aura of prestige that the big four enjoy
their sponsorship deals
The move to standardized gear has hurt fighters financially
Fighters could “sell” space on their gear, warm-ups, and post fight clothes to
Reebok pays the fighters for wearing the Reebok trunks they are required to wear
UFC
Pay scale is based on the number of fights a fighter has had
The Reebok deal hurts the earnings of the vast majority of fighters
The move has driven away individual sponsors
Many fighters need sponsorship dollars in order to train and continue to pursue a fighting career
Fighters must make up for the difference by taking more fights, more frequently and extending their
58. LABOR MARKETS IN SPORTS
Professional sports, especially individual ones are dependent on
talent
When a lack of star power occurs in individual sports, the demand for those sports
drops very quickly.
Boxers during the 20th century carried name recognition
Jack Dempsey, Muhammad Ali, Joe Frazier, Sugar Ray Leonard, and Mike Tyson dominated the sport.
Fans were willing to watch fights through PPV because of popular fighters
A lack of star power since the new millennium has caused boxing to decline
59. LABOR MARKETS IN SPORTS
The UFC has been able to feature star fighters
Premier organization in the world
Best fighters in the world
Emphasis on exciting styles of fighting
Bonuses for top performances, knockouts, and submissions
Most pressing issue is the marketability of fighters
Promotion is a huge part of the sport
Fighters with big personalities become bigger draws
Key UFC personalities
Bruce Buffer (The voice of the Octagon)
Joe Rogan (Color commentary)
60. FIGHTER COMPENSATION
Fighters are Independent contractors
This differs from other professional sports that tend to use collective bargaining
There is little transparency in regards to fighter contracts
Contracts and Compensation vary greatly from fighter to fighter
Due to a host of factors
Base salary
Gate and PPV splits
How big of a draw a fighter is determines how much they are paid to show
Ability to promote
Performance bonuses
Locker room bonuses
Individual sponsors
61. FIGHTER SAFETY
During training
Types of training
Protective equipment
Weight management
During competition
Pre-fight meeting with doctor
Rules of the Octagon
Post-fight evaluations
Medical suspension
Drug testing
63. FUTURE CONCERNS
Players compensation
The UFC holds a lot of leverage over fighters in terms of compensation
Formation of a union?
Long term consequences of fighting
Similar to concussion settlements with the NFL
Continuing to improve the safety of fighters
Weight cutting
Drug testing
The rise of rivals
Boxing
ONE Championships
Developing and maintaining a core of marketable fighters
Oversaturation