Data collector's training held in Lusaka Zambia for Savings and Internal Lending Communities (SILC) Evaluation conducted by Futures Group. The study is part of Implementation Science Investment study funded by USAID.

1. Impact Evaluation of Savings and
Internal Lending Communities
Data Collector Training
25 to 29th March 2013
Dr Valentine J Gandhi
Lusaka, Zambia

2. The Study
• The aim of this study is to assess the impact of savings and internal lending
communities (SILC), a community savings group model, on
participants, households, and children over time, and to document the factors
contributing to implementation scale-up success.
• The primary objective of this study is to assess the impact of caregivers’ participation
in SILC on children’s food security—specifically, regular food consumption over time.
• The primary hypothesis of this study is: Children aged 2-17 in households where the
caregiver or head f household participates in SILC will achieve higher, improved food
consumption compared to children aged 2-17 in non-SILC households, as measured by
% of children aged 2-17 who have gone a whole day and night without eating in the
last four weeks.
• This is a longitudinal, quasi-experimental study with intervention and comparison
groups. The study applies a multi-stage cluster sampling approach whereby a sample
of SILC households in select STEPS OVC SILC wards will be compared with households
in nearby wards where SILC has not yet been established. Participants and households
in both groups will take part in an annual interviewer-administered survey for three
study years. Systematic follow up during and following STEPS OVC implementation will
allow for retrospective analysis of dose-response, sub-group analysis, and evaluation
of the sustainability of both SILC and outcomes of participation. Our approach to data
analysis will maximize generalizability of findings and relevance to international and
community-based organizations working outside of Zambia.

3. Expected Impacts

4. Our Sample
Province X/ Ward X
Steps OVC Steps OVC
No Steps
OVC
+ SILC
with
Children
+ SILC
no
children
- SILC
with
Children
- SILC no
children
Our
Sample
Sustainability Through Economic Strengthening Prevention
an Support for Orphans and Vulnerable Children, Youth and
Other Vulnerable Populations (STEPS-OVC)

5. Study Population
We will seek participation from six population groups:
• Heads of Household
• SILC Participants
• Primary Caregivers
• Children aged 0-9 years (questions will be directed to the Primary Caregiver)
• Children aged 10-17 years
• SILC Field Agents
Several of these groups may be overlapping. For instance, in most cases the SILC Participant will also be the
Head of Household or Primary Caregiver.
Inclusion criteria:
• Intervention group: At least one household member participants in SILC, a community savings group, and
at least one household member receives services through the USAID-funded STEPS OVC project. All
household members aged 10 and above will be interviewed with adult consent and child assent.
• Comparison group: At least one household member receives services through the USAID-funded STEPS
OVC project. All household members aged 10 and above will be interviewed with adult consent and child
assent.
Exclusion criteria: STEPS OVC SILC households that do not have any children will be ineligible to participate in
this study. Participants who do not provide informed consent, or assent in the case of children aged 10-17, or
who lack the mental capacity to consent, as determined by the trained data collector, will be ineligible to
participate.

6. Household Interviews
• Head of Household Questionnaire (background information, household
schedule, household economic status, household food security, social
capital and self-efficacy, gender roles and decision-making power, illness
and health seeking behavior, external support)
• SILC Member Questionnaire (background information, SILC, social capital
and self-efficacy, gender roles and decision-making power, illness and
health seeking behavior, participation)
• Primary Caregiver Questionnaire (background information, social capital
and self-efficacy, gender roles and decision-making power, illness and
health seeking behavior, listing of children in care)
• Child Questionnaire, ages 0-9 years, directed to Primary Caregiver (health
and welfare, education and work, external support, weight and height)
• Child Questionnaire, ages 10-17 (diary, education, chores and work, food
security, health and welfare, external support, weight and height)

7. Data Collection Procedure – HH
Interviews
• 1. Enter household & get consent from head of household (for both
his/her participation and participation of children in household)
• 2. Apply head of HH questionnaire and PPI
• 3. Apply SILC questionnaire. If Head of HH is the SILC
participant, just proceed with new sections (#2 & #6). If a different
household member is the SILC participant, get consent from new
person.
• 4. Apply primary caregiver questionnaire. If SILC participant is
also primary caregiver, proceed with questionnaire. If a different
household member is the primary caregiver, get consent from new
person.
• 5. Apply child aged 0-9 questionnaire to primary caregiver. (You
can choose index child for pilot – see note below)
• 6. Apply child aged 10-17 questionnaire to youth. Get child
informed assent prior to administering questionnaire. (You can
choose index child for pilot – see note below)

8. Data Collection Procedure – HH
Numbering
• Province/Ward/household number (1-
32)/interviewee number
• All household numbers would be taken from
the sampling frame (and if replacements
occur, we add, e.g., 33, 34).
• For example:
• C/Kashiba/1/1

9. Data Collection Procedure – HH
Numbering
If interview teams split up, they should make sure not to
duplicate numbers. Generally there should be 4 interviews per
household, though in some cases there will be 5.
Generally it will be:
• Head of household=1
• Primary caregiver =2
• Child aged 0-9=3
• Child aged 10-17=4
• (SILC participant is either 1 or 2, though if another
person, we could agree that this be 5)

10. Data Collection Procedure – HH
Numbering
• Interviewed households need a code to follow
up. Household number, GPS, Phone Number.
Children’s details.

11. Progress out of Poverty Index
• The Progress out of Poverty Index® (PPI®) is a poverty
measurement tool for organizations and businesses with a
mission to serve the poor.
• The PPI is statistically-sound, yet simple to use: the answers
to 10 questions about a household’s characteristics and
asset ownership are scored to compute the likelihood that
the household is living below the poverty line – or above by
only a narrow margin.
• With the PPI, organizations can identify the
clients, customers, or employees who are most likely to be
poor or vulnerable to poverty, integrating objective poverty
data into their assessments and strategic decision-making.

12. GPS
• Whats a GPS?
• Why do we need GPS?
• The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based
navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites
placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense. GPS
was originally intended for military applications, but in the
1980s, the government made the system available for
civilian use. GPS works in any weather
conditions, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day. There
are no subscription fees or setup charges to use GPS.
•

13. GPS
How it works?
• GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day in a very precise
orbit and transmit signal information to earth. GPS
receivers take this information and use triangulation to
calculate the user's exact location.
• Essentially, the GPS receiver compares the time a signal
was transmitted by a satellite with the time it was received.
The time difference tells the GPS receiver how far away the
satellite is. Now, with distance measurements from a few
more satellites, the receiver can determine the user's
position and display it on the unit's electronic map.

14. Latitude and
Longitude
The latitude (abbreviation: Lat., φ, or phi) of a point on
the Earth's surface is the angle between the equatorial
plane and a line that passes through that point and
is normal to the surface of a reference ellipsoid, which
approximates the shape of the Earth.This line passes a
few kilometers away from the center of the Earth
except at the poles and the equator where it passes
through Earth's center. Lines joining points of the same
latitude trace circles on the surface of the Earth
called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator and
to each other. The north pole is 90° N; the south pole is
90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated
the equator, the fundamental plane of all geographic
coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into
Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
The Longitude (abbreviation: Long., λ, or lambda) of a
point on the Earth's surface is the angle east or west
from a reference meridian to another meridian that
passes through that point. All meridians are halves of
great ellipses (often improperly called great
circles), which converge at the north and south poles.