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Kemialliset sidokset 
Kovalenttinen sidos 
➔epämetalli + epämetalli 
➔poolinen/pooliton sidos 
➔poolinen/pooliton molekyyli 
➔molekyylihila 
◆ poolittomia molekyylejä pitää kiinni dispersiovoima 
◆ poolisia molekyylejä pitää kiinni dipoli-dipoli-sidos 
tai vetysidos
Esim. Mitä sidoksia on seuraavissa 
molekyylissä? 
a) Fluori 
b) PH3(g) 
c) I2 (s) 
d) CHCl3 (l) 
e) NH3(l)
a) F-F , pooliton kovalenttinen sidos 
b) Pooliton kovalenttinen sidos, kaasumaisessa 
muodossa ei heikkoja sidoksia 
c) Pooliton kovalenttinen sidos, kiinteässä 
olomuodossa dispersiovoimat pitävät 
molekyylin koossa
d) Poolinen kovalenttinen sidos hiilen ja 
kloorin sekä heikosti poolinen kovalenttinen 
sidos hiilen ja vedyn välillä. Molekyyli 
tetraedrin muotoinen -> poolinen molekyyli eli 
dipolimolekyyli 
Nestemäisessä muodossa molekyylejä pitää 
yhdessä dipoli-dipolisidos
e) Poolinen kovalenttinen sidos, molekyylin 
muoto kolmisivuinen pyramidi, joten molekyyli 
on poolinen eli dipoli-molekyyli 
Nestemäisessä muodossa vetysidoksia, koska 
N+H
Ionisidos 
➔metalli + epämetalli 
➔kiinteässä (ja nestemäisessä ) olomuodossa 
ioneja pitää kasassa ionisidos 
➔Vesiliuoksessa ionit ovat hydratoituneet eli 
vesi ja ionit muodostavat ioni-dipolisidoksen
Esim. Mitä sidoksia? 
a) NaOH (s) 
b) CaCl2(s) 
c) NaCl (aq)
a) Na+ ja OH- välillä ionisidos, Hydroksidi-ionissa 
kovalenttinen sidos O-H 
b) Metalli ja epämetalli -> ionisidos 
c) Ioni-dipolisidos Na+ ja H2O välillä sekä Cl- ja 
H2O välillä

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Sidokset

  • 1. Kemialliset sidokset Kovalenttinen sidos ➔epämetalli + epämetalli ➔poolinen/pooliton sidos ➔poolinen/pooliton molekyyli ➔molekyylihila ◆ poolittomia molekyylejä pitää kiinni dispersiovoima ◆ poolisia molekyylejä pitää kiinni dipoli-dipoli-sidos tai vetysidos
  • 2. Esim. Mitä sidoksia on seuraavissa molekyylissä? a) Fluori b) PH3(g) c) I2 (s) d) CHCl3 (l) e) NH3(l)
  • 3. a) F-F , pooliton kovalenttinen sidos b) Pooliton kovalenttinen sidos, kaasumaisessa muodossa ei heikkoja sidoksia c) Pooliton kovalenttinen sidos, kiinteässä olomuodossa dispersiovoimat pitävät molekyylin koossa
  • 4. d) Poolinen kovalenttinen sidos hiilen ja kloorin sekä heikosti poolinen kovalenttinen sidos hiilen ja vedyn välillä. Molekyyli tetraedrin muotoinen -> poolinen molekyyli eli dipolimolekyyli Nestemäisessä muodossa molekyylejä pitää yhdessä dipoli-dipolisidos
  • 5. e) Poolinen kovalenttinen sidos, molekyylin muoto kolmisivuinen pyramidi, joten molekyyli on poolinen eli dipoli-molekyyli Nestemäisessä muodossa vetysidoksia, koska N+H
  • 6. Ionisidos ➔metalli + epämetalli ➔kiinteässä (ja nestemäisessä ) olomuodossa ioneja pitää kasassa ionisidos ➔Vesiliuoksessa ionit ovat hydratoituneet eli vesi ja ionit muodostavat ioni-dipolisidoksen
  • 7. Esim. Mitä sidoksia? a) NaOH (s) b) CaCl2(s) c) NaCl (aq)
  • 8. a) Na+ ja OH- välillä ionisidos, Hydroksidi-ionissa kovalenttinen sidos O-H b) Metalli ja epämetalli -> ionisidos c) Ioni-dipolisidos Na+ ja H2O välillä sekä Cl- ja H2O välillä