it's a mini project

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special gratitude to my mentor ( Dr. Aarti Loomba
)
as well as our faculty, who game me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on my favourite topic ( INDIAN DEFENSE INDUSTRY ) .
Which also helped me in doing a lot of research and I came to know about so
many new things I am really thankful to them.
Secondly I would also like to thank my parents , uncle and friends who
helped
me a lot in finalizing this project withing the limited time frame.

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INDEX
1. What is INDIAN DEFENSE INDUSTRY ( 5 )
2. Introduction ( 6-8 )
3. Military Budget ( 9-10 )
4. Make In India Project ( 11–14 )
5. Major Projects ( 15-16 )
6. Projects of DRDO (16-17 )
7. What is WLR ( 18 )

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8. What is SWATHI WLR ( 19 )
9. Specifications ( 20 )
10. History behind making WLR SWATHI ( 21-25)

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What is Indian Defense Industry?
• The Defense Industry Sector of India is a strategically
important sector in India .
• India has one of the world’s largest military forces with a
strength of 14.4 lakh personnel.
• INDIA has a domestic Defense Industry of which 80 % is
government owned and the rest for public sector .

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The defense industry sector of India is a strategically important sector
in India. India has one of the world's largest military forces with a
strength of over 14.4 lakh (1.44 million) active personnel. It has the
world's largest volunteer military of over 51 lakh (5.1 million)
personnel. The total budget sanctioned for the Indian military for the
financial year 2021 is 4.78 lakh crore (equivalent to 5.6 trillion or
US$70 billion in 2023). It has the third largest annual defence budget
behind USA (US$732 b) and China (US$261 b). It is the second largest
defence importer behind Saudi Arabia making up 9.2% of global arms
import. India has a domestic defence industry of which 80% is
government owned. The public sector includes DRDO and its 50 labs, 4
defence shipyards, 12 defence PSUs. India has a new defence
procurement, acquisition and manufacturing policy to reduce imports
and enhance domestic manufacturing.

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The Government of India has been pushing for greater indigenisation of
military hardware as India imports a considerable amount of its defence
equipment and platforms. Between 2016 and 2020, India accounted for
9.5% of total global arms imports.
From 2000 to 2022, Russia, France, Israel, the United States
and United Kingdom are the top 5 countries where India imports its
arms from.[17]
Thus in 2022, the Indian Government scrapped the import
of several large defence platforms and equipment, which included
helicopters for the Coast Guard, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and short
range missiles. In addition to this, the Ministry of Defence has started
releasing indigenisation lists, which consists of equipment and platforms
that the government aims to completely indigenise by December
2025.The Defence Ministry has also stated that the equipment and

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platforms that are on the third indigenisation list, could result in state
orders that are worth more than Rs 2,10,000 crore being placed on the
Indian defence industry in the next five years.[
Compared to other branches of military, the Indian Army consumes 50%
of defence budget, is least technology intensive and slowest to adopt
the indigenisation of equipment, has multi-year long procurement cycle,
and pre-purchase field trials last for several years sometimes without
resulting in any procurement, for example soldier's hand held GPS
enabled indigenous "Sathi" PDA "Beta Project" was abandoned midway
and soldiers still do not have a PDA.[21]
To expedite the development
cycle of new technologies and to better fit the end user requirements,
army has asked DRDO to take more army staff on deputation to be part
of DRDO technology development project teams.

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MILITARY BUDGET
The military budget or defence budget of India is the portion of the
overall budget of Union budget of India that is allocated for the funding
of the Indian Armed Forces. The military budget finances employee
salaries and training costs, maintenance of equipment and facilities,
support of new or ongoing operations, and development and
procurement of new technologies, weapons, equipment, and vehicles.
The Indian Army accounts for more than half of the total defence budget
of India, with most of the expenditure going to the maintenance
of cantonments, salaries and pensions, rather than critical arms and
ammunition.

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Military Budget
• For year 2018-2019 :- 1.49 % of the total GDP
• For year 2019-20 :- 2 % of the total GDP
• For year 2020-21 :- 2.1 % of the total GDP
• For year 2021-22 :- Total Defence Budget was
13.5 % of the total GDP
• For year 2022-23 :- 13.19% of the total GDP

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MAKE IN INDIA
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The Modi government in its first year cleared 39 capital procurement
proposals, of which 32 proposals worth 88,900 crore (US$11 billion) (or
96% of value of total proposals) were categorized as Buy
(Indian) and Buy and Make (Indian)—the top two prioritized domestic
industry-centric procurement categories as per the defence procurement
procedure (DPP).
The government's policies to encourage domestic manufacturing and
export of defence equipment under Prime Minister Narendra Modi's
flagship scheme Make in India in Defence. It has already resulted in
substantial growth of defence export from the country as it jumped by

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700% in just two years, from $213 million in FY 2016–17 to $1.5 billion
in FY 2018–19.
Encouraged by this, the government set a target of achieving defence
export worth 35,000 crore ($4.87 billion) in next four years.
Some critics say that instead of encouraging the manufacturing of
equipment in India, the Modi government has given financial powers to
the Armed forces to purchase equipment up to ₹500 crores without the
consultation of the Ministry. This will further increase the types of
weapons, their spares and components, cost of maintainability which
will result in non-compatibility and standardisation problems in near
future.

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“ बलसय मल ववववववव“
—the source of strength is science-drives the
nation in peace and war. DRDO has firm
determination to make the nation strong and
self-reliant in terms of science and
technology, especially in the field of military
technologies.

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Projects of DRDO
• Aeronautics
• Electronics and Computer Science
• Naval Research and Development
• Combat vehicles and Engineering
• Armaments
• Missile System

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WLR - SWATHI
W - Weapon
L - Locating
R - Radar

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What is WLR ( weapon Locating Radar)
~ A Weapon
used to detect
Fire .
Locating
and track
Radar is a type of radar system
the location of Artillery and Rocket
It is typically used by Military Forces to detect incoming
artillery and rocket fire so that counter – battery fire can be
directed onto the source of the incoming fire.
Weapon Locating Radar are usually ground – based and can
detect and track incoming fire from a range of several
kilometres.

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What is SWATHI – WLR ?
•It is a mobile Artillery locating phased array radar.
•It is able to change the direction of its radar wave
just by shifting the phase of its signal electronically
without physically moving the antenna.
• It can be used both day and night , it can track
maximum 7 target simultaneously.
•It is designed to detect and track the incoming
artillery and rocket fire by the enemy.

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SPECIFICATIONS :-
• It can track and detect – • It can covers –
• Artillery – 2 – 30 km. Range • Area – -5° to 75°
• Rockets – 4 – 40 km. Range • Altitude – upto 16000 feet
• Mortars – 2 – 20 km. Range • Temperature – - 20 to 55°c

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The History
behind making
the WLR –
SWATHI

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The Indian army projected a requirement for fire-finding radars in the
1980s. As early as 1989, the Indian Army evaluated the
American AN/TPQ-36 and AN/TPQ-37 Firefinder radars. However,
these radars were not allowed to be sold, and the procurement process
was stopped by the Indian Government.
In February 1995, a Request for Proposal (RFP) was issued to five
companies for procurement of 4 WLRs. Only Hughes (now Raytheon)
responded to the RFP. After trials, the radar was found to not meet the
General Staff Quality Requirements (GSQRs) of the Indian Army, which
were found to be too stringent, and the GSQRs were then relaxed. At
the same time, it was decided to consider development of an indigenous
WLR by India's primary defence contractor, DRDO.

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In September 1998, an RFP was issued for the urgent purchase of
WLRs - AN/TPQ-36/37 from Hughes (USA), Thomson CSF (France)
and ISKARA of (Ukraine). However, the American and French radars
were withheld when sanctions were imposed after India's Pokhran-
II nuclear weapon tests, and negotiations with the Ukrainian
manufacturers came to no conclusion.
Additionally, DRDO was not authorised to begin development of a
WLR. These lacklustre efforts to obtain a WLR system were severely
criticised by the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Defence.
Efforts to acquire such a system intensified after the Kargil War in 1999
where the Indian Army was severely disadvantaged by its lack of radar
that could detect artillery fire. While the Pakistani forces were equipped
with American AN/TPQ-36 Firefinder radars, India only had

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British Cymbeline mortar detecting radars, which were not
suitable.]
Almost 80% of Indian casualties during the war resulted from
enemy artillery fire, making such a radar critical.
To correct this weakness, in 2002, the Ministry of Defence issued an
RFP to five manufacturers. With the lifting of sanctions in late 2001, the
US Government offered to sell the AN/TPQ-37 radar to India under
their Foreign Military Sales (FMS) programme for 680 million each.
In July 2002, India placed a US$ 200 million order for 12 AN/TPQ-37
Firefinder radars.
Initially, only 8 were ordered for US$140 million, but the order was later
increased to 12.[7]
The radars were integrated on BEML
Limited manufactured Tatra truck platforms.

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Delivery of all 12 radars was completed in May 2007. Concept design
work on the WLR also accelerated in the aftermath of the Kargil War.
The WLR project was officially sanctioned in April 2002, with a
sanctioned amount of 200 million and an estimated completion time of
40 months.
The first working prototype was to be ready by April 2004. The final
project cost was US$ 49 million. In January 2003, an intent for
procurement of 28 WLRs was placed with BEL.

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