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‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
Shortcuts to 320+ on the GRE
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
1
2
3
• AGENDA
• Shortcuts to Quant
• Shortcuts to Verbal
• Making AWA a cakewalk
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
40%WHAT IS A
GOOD
SCORE?
THE SCORE THAT
GETS YOU IN
SECTION Score
Quantitative 170!!
Verbal 155+
AWA 4.5+
Total = 320+
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
40%
CONTENT • Arithmetic
• Algebra
• Geometry
• Data interpretation
QUESTION
TYPES
• Problem Solving
• Quantitative
Comparison
• Numeric Entry
• Select All That Apply
CALCULATOR • Basic on-screen
calculator available
GRE:
QUANTITATIVE
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
40%FORMAT • Multiple choice
• Select all that apply
• Select in-passage
responses
QUESTION
TYPES
• Reading comprehension
• Text completion
• Sentence equivalence
GRE:
VERBAL
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
40%
GRE STRATEGY:
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
 Fundamentals must be strong and top priority.
-1 0
o Quantity A is greater
o Quantity B is greater
o The two quantities are equal
o The relationship cannot be determined
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
•GRE SAMPLE QUESTIONS
Global Techniques :
 Understanding words properly is essential
to avoid silly mistakes.
If 20% of the animals in certain park are birds,and 40% of non-birds are
mammals, and there are 75% as many amphibians as mammals in the park,
what percent of the animals in the park are not birds, mammals, or
amphibians ? (Note : None of the mammals are amphibians.)
A) 10%
B) 12%
C) 20%
D) 24%
E) 25%
Say, total animals = 100
# of birds = 20
# of mammals = 40% of 80
= 32.
# of amphibians = 75% of 32
= 24
So, not birds,mammals, or amphibians =
100 – (20+32+24) = 24%
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
Quantity A is greater
Quantity B is greater
The two quantities are equal
The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
Not every question needs to be solved mathematically!
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
Quantity A is greater
Quantity B is greater
The two quantities are equal
The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
Not every question needs to be solved mathematically!
n = 3 + 𝑥
x Is n an integer ?
0 NO
2/63 NO
1 YES
65/63 NO
4 NO
6 YES
Don’t Panic!
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
So, the perimeter of the triangle =
2+2+2 = 6
Therefore, our target answer should
be = 6+
A) (2)(3+)/3 = 2+
B) (3+)
C) (4)(3+)/3 = 4+
D) (2)(3+) = 6+
E) (8)(3+)/3 = 8+
Estimation
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
o Quantity A is greater
o Quantity B is greater
o The two quantities are equal
o The relationship cannot be determined
r t p A
2 3 7 -1
0 1 1 -1
-2 -1 3 -1
Plugging-in
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
GRE: VERBAL
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
READING COMPREHENSION
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’

‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be costly. A bird, by singing,
may forfeit time that could otherwise be spent on other important behaviors such as
foraging or resting. Singing may also advertise an individual’s location to rivals or
predators and impair the ability to detect their approach. Although these types of cost
may be important, discussions of the cost of singing have generally focused on energy
costs.
Overall the evidence is equivocal: for instance, while Eberhardt found increases in
energy consumption during singing for Carolina wrens, Chappell found no effect of
crowing on energy consumption in roosters. To obtain empirical data regarding the
energy costs of singing, Thomas examined the relationship between song rate and
overnight changes in body mass of male nightingales. Birds store energy as
subcutaneous fat deposits or “body reserves”; changes in these reserves can be reliably
estimated by measuring changes in body mass. If singing has important energy costs,
nightingales should lose more body mass on nights when their song rate is high. Thomas
found that nightingales reached a significantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more
mass overnight on nights when their song rate was high.
These results suggest that there may be several costs of singing at night associated with
body reserves. The increased metabolic cost of possessing higher body mass contributes
to the increased overnight mass loss. The strategic regulation of evening body reserves
is also likely to incur additional costs, as nightingales must spend more time foraging in
order to build up larger body reserves. The metabolic cost of singing itself may also
contribute to increased loss of reserves. This metabolic cost may arise from the
muscular and neural activity involved in singing or from behaviors associated with
singing. For example, birds may expend more of their reserves on thermo-regulation if
they spend the night exposed to the wind on a song post than if they are in a sheltered
roost site. Thomas’s data therefore show that whether or not singing per se has an
important metabolic cost, metabolic costs associated with singing can have an important
measurable effect on a bird’s daily energy budget, at least in birds with high song rates
such as nightingales.
9. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A compare the different types of cost involved for certain birds in singing
B question a hypothesis regarding the energy costs of singing for certain
birds
C present evidence suggesting that singing has an important energy cost
for certain birds
D discuss the benefits provided to an organism by a behavior that is costly
in energy
E describe an experiment that supports an alternative model of how
birdsong functions
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be costly. A bird, by singing,
may forfeit time that could otherwise be spent on other important behaviors such as
foraging or resting. Singing may also advertise an individual’s location to rivals or
predators and impair the ability to detect their approach. Although these types of cost
may be important, discussions of the cost of singing have generally focused on energy
costs.
Overall the evidence is equivocal: for instance, while Eberhardt found increases in energy
consumption during singing for Carolina wrens, Chappell found no effect of crowing on
energy consumption in roosters. To obtain empirical data regarding the energy costs of
singing, Thomas examined the relationship between song rate and overnight changes in
body mass of male nightingales. Birds store energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or
“body reserves”; changes in these reserves can be reliably estimated by measuring
changes in body mass. If singing has important energy costs, nightingales should lose
more body mass on nights when their song rate is high. Thomas found that nightingales
reached a significantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more mass overnight on nights
when their song rate was high.
These results suggest that there may be several costs of singing at night associated with
body reserves. The increased metabolic cost of possessing higher body mass contributes
to the increased overnight mass loss. The strategic regulation of evening body reserves is
also likely to incur additional costs, as nightingales must spend more time foraging in
order to build up larger body reserves. The metabolic cost of singing itself may also
contribute to increased loss of reserves. This metabolic cost may arise from the muscular
and neural activity involved in singing or from behaviors associated with singing. For
example, birds may expend more of their reserves on thermo-regulation if they spend
the night exposed to the wind on a song post than if they are in a sheltered roost site.
Thomas’s data therefore show that whether or not singing per se has an important
metabolic cost, metabolic costs associated with singing can have an important
measurable effect on a bird’s daily energy budget, at least in birds with high song rates
such as nightingales.
10. The passage implies that during the day before a night on which a
male nightingale’s song rate is high, that nightingale probably does
which of the following?
A Expends less of its reserves on thermoregulation than on other days
B Spend less time on foraging or resting
C Looses more body mass
D Stores more energy as body reserves than on other days
E Hides to avoid predators
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be costly. A bird, by singing,
may forfeit time that could otherwise be spent on other important behaviors such as
foraging or resting. Singing may also advertise an individual’s location to rivals or
predators and impair the ability to detect their approach. Although these types of cost
may be important, discussions of the cost of singing have generally focused on energy
costs.
Overall the evidence is equivocal: for instance, while Eberhardt found increases in energy
consumption during singing for Carolina wrens, Chappell found no effect of crowing on
energy consumption in roosters. To obtain empirical data regarding the energy costs of
singing, Thomas examined the relationship between song rate and overnight changes in
body mass of male nightingales. Birds store energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or
“body reserves”; changes in these reserves can be reliably estimated by measuring
changes in body mass. If singing has important energy costs, nightingales should lose
more body mass on nights when their song rate is high. Thomas found that nightingales
reached a significantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more mass overnight on nights
when their song rate was high.
These results suggest that there may be several costs of singing at night associated with
body reserves. The increased metabolic cost of possessing higher body mass contributes
to the increased overnight mass loss. The strategic regulation of evening body reserves is
also likely to incur additional costs, as nightingales must spend more time foraging in
order to build up larger body reserves. The metabolic cost of singing itself may also
contribute to increased loss of reserves. This metabolic cost may arise from the muscular
and neural activity involved in singing or from behaviors associated with singing. For
example, birds may expend more of their reserves on thermo-regulation if they spend
the night exposed to the wind on a song post than if they are in a sheltered roost site.
Thomas’s data therefore show that whether or not singing per se has an important
metabolic cost, metabolic costs associated with singing can have an important
measurable effect on a bird’s daily energy budget, at least in birds with high song rates
such as nightingales.
10. The passage implies that during the day before a night on which a
male nightingale’s song rate is high, that nightingale probably does
which of the following?
A Expends less of its reserves on thermoregulation than on other days
B Spend less time on foraging or resting
C Looses more body mass
D Stores more energy as body reserves than on other days
E Hides to avoid predators
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be costly. A bird, by
singing, may forfeit time that could otherwise be spent on other important
behaviors such as foraging or resting. Singing may also advertise an individual’s
location to rivals or predators and impair the ability to detect their approach.
Although these types of cost may be important, discussions of the cost of singing
have generally focused on energy costs.
Overall the evidence is equivocal: for instance, while Eberhardt found increases
in energy consumption during singing for Carolina wrens, Chappell found no
effect of crowing on energy consumption in roosters. To obtain empirical data
regarding the energy costs of singing, Thomas examined the relationship
between song rate and overnight changes in body mass of male nightingales.
Birds store energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or “body reserves”; changes in
these reserves can be reliably estimated by measuring changes in body mass. If
singing has important energy costs, nightingales should lose more body mass on
nights when their song rate is high. Thomas found that nightingales reached a
significantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more mass overnight on nights
when their song rate was high.
These results suggest that there may be several costs of singing at night
associated with body reserves. The increased metabolic cost of possessing higher
body mass contributes to the increased overnight mass loss. The strategic
regulation of evening body reserves is also likely to incur additional costs, as
nightingales must spend more time foraging in order to build up larger body
reserves. The metabolic cost of singing itself may also contribute to increased
loss of reserves. This metabolic cost may arise from the muscular and neural
activity involved in singing or from behaviors associated with singing. For
example, birds may expend more of their reserves on thermo-regulation if they
spend the night exposed to the wind on a song post than if they are in a
sheltered roost site. Thomas’s data therefore show that whether or not singing
per se has an important metabolic cost, metabolic costs associated with singing
can have an important measurable effect on a bird’s daily energy budget, at least
in birds with high song rates such as nightingales.
10. The passage implies that during the day before a night on which a
male nightingale’s song rate is high, that nightingale probably does
which of the following?
A Expends less of its reserves on thermoregulation than on other days
B Spend less time on foraging or resting
C Looses more body mass
D Stores more energy as body reserves than on other days
E Hides to avoid predators
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
... Thomas examined the relationship between song rate and
overnight changes in body mass of male nightingales. Birds
store energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or “body
reserves”; changes in these reserves can be reliably
estimated by measuring changes in body mass. If singing has
important energy costs, nightingales should lose more body
mass on nights when their song rate is high. Thomas found
that nightingales reached a significantly higher body mass at
dusk and lost more mass overnight on nights when their
song rate was high.
...
10. The passage implies that during the day before a night on which a
male nightingale’s song rate is high, that nightingale probably does
which of the following?
A Expends less of its reserves on thermoregulation than on other days
B Spend less time on foraging or resting
C Looses more body mass
D Stores more energy as body reserves than on other days
E Hides to avoid predators
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be costly. A bird, by singing,
may forfeit time that could otherwise be spent on other important behaviors such as
foraging or resting. Singing may also advertise an individual’s location to rivals or
predators and impair the ability to detect their approach. Although these types of cost
may be important, discussions of the cost of singing have generally focused on energy
costs.
Overall the evidence is equivocal: for instance, while Eberhardt found increases in energy
consumption during singing for Carolina wrens, Chappell found no effect of crowing on
energy consumption in roosters. To obtain empirical data regarding the energy costs of
singing, Thomas examined the relationship between song rate and overnight changes in
body mass of male nightingales. Birds store energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or
“body reserves”; changes in these reserves can be reliably estimated by measuring
changes in body mass. If singing has important energy costs, nightingales should lose
more body mass on nights when their song rate is high. Thomas found that nightingales
reached a significantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more mass overnight on nights
when their song rate was high.
These results suggest that there may be several costs of singing at night associated with
body reserves. The increased metabolic cost of possessing higher body mass contributes
to the increased overnight mass loss. The strategic regulation of evening body reserves is
also likely to incur additional costs, as nightingales must spend more time foraging in
order to build up larger body reserves. The metabolic cost of singing itself may also
contribute to increased loss of reserves. This metabolic cost may arise from the muscular
and neural activity involved in singing or from behaviors associated with singing. For
example, birds may expend more of their reserves on thermo-regulation if they spend
the night exposed to the wind on a song post than if they are in a sheltered roost site.
Thomas’s data therefore show that whether or not singing per se has an important
metabolic cost, metabolic costs associated with singing can have an important
measurable effect on a bird’s daily energy budget, at least in birds with high song rates
such as nightingales.
11 Select the sentence in the first or second paragraph that
presents empirical results in support of a hypothesis about the
energy costs of singing.
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be costly. A bird, by singing,
may forfeit time that could otherwise be spent on other important behaviors such as
foraging or resting. Singing may also advertise an individual’s location to rivals or
predators and impair the ability to detect their approach. Although these types of cost
may be important, discussions of the cost of singing have generally focused on energy
costs.
Overall the evidence is equivocal: for instance, while Eberhardt found increases in energy
consumption during singing for Carolina wrens, Chappell found no effect of crowing on
energy consumption in roosters. To obtain empirical data regarding the energy costs of
singing, Thomas examined the relationship between song rate and overnight changes in
body mass of male nightingales. Birds store energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or
“body reserves”; changes in these reserves can be reliably estimated by measuring
changes in body mass. If singing has important energy costs, nightingales should lose
more body mass on nights when their song rate is high. Thomas found that nightingales
reached a significantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more mass overnight on nights
when their song rate was high
These results suggest that there may be several costs of singing at night associated with
body reserves. The increased metabolic cost of possessing higher body mass contributes
to the increased overnight mass loss. The strategic regulation of evening body reserves is
also likely to incur additional costs, as nightingales must spend more time foraging in
order to build up larger body reserves. The metabolic cost of singing itself may also
contribute to increased loss of reserves. This metabolic cost may arise from the muscular
and neural activity involved in singing or from behaviors associated with singing. For
example, birds may expend more of their reserves on thermo-regulation if they spend
the night exposed to the wind on a song post than if they are in a sheltered roost site.
Thomas’s data therefore show that whether or not singing per se has an important
metabolic cost, metabolic costs associated with singing can have an important
measurable effect on a bird’s daily energy budget, at least in birds with high song rates
such as nightingales.
11 Select the sentence in the first or second paragraph that
presents empirical results in support of a hypothesis about the
energy costs of singing.
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be costly. A bird, by singing,
may forfeit time that could otherwise be spent on other important behaviors such as
foraging or resting. Singing may also advertise an individual’s location to rivals or
predators and impair the ability to detect their approach. Although these types of cost
may be important, discussions of the cost of singing have generally focused on energy
costs.
Overall the evidence is equivocal: for instance, while Eberhardt found increases in energy
consumption during singing for Carolina wrens, Chappell found no effect of crowing on
energy consumption in roosters. To obtain empirical data regarding the energy costs of
singing, Thomas examined the relationship between song rate and overnight changes in
body mass of male nightingales. Birds store energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or
“body reserves”; changes in these reserves can be reliably estimated by measuring
changes in body mass. If singing has important energy costs, nightingales should lose
more body mass on nights when their song rate is high. Thomas found that
nightingales reached a significantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more mass
overnight on nights when their song rate was high
These results suggest that there may be several costs of singing at night associated with
body reserves. The increased metabolic cost of possessing higher body mass contributes
to the increased overnight mass loss. The strategic regulation of evening body reserves is
also likely to incur additional costs, as nightingales must spend more time foraging in
order to build up larger body reserves. The metabolic cost of singing itself may also
contribute to increased loss of reserves. This metabolic cost may arise from the muscular
and neural activity involved in singing or from behaviors associated with singing. For
example, birds may expend more of their reserves on thermo-regulation if they spend
the night exposed to the wind on a song post than if they are in a sheltered roost site.
Thomas’s data therefore show that whether or not singing per se has an important
metabolic cost, metabolic costs associated with singing can have an important
measurable effect on a bird’s daily energy budget, at least in birds with high song rates
such as nightingales.
11 Select the sentence in the first or second paragraph that
presents empirical results in support of a hypothesis about the
energy costs of singing.
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be costly. A bird, by singing,
may forfeit time that could otherwise be spent on other important behaviors such as
foraging or resting. Singing may also advertise an individual’s location to rivals or
predators and impair the ability to detect their approach. Although these types of cost
may be important, discussions of the cost of singing have generally focused on energy
costs.
Overall the evidence is equivocal: for instance, while Eberhardt found increases in energy
consumption during singing for Carolina wrens, Chappell found no effect of crowing on
energy consumption in roosters. To obtain empirical data regarding the energy costs of
singing, Thomas examined the relationship between song rate and overnight changes in
body mass of male nightingales. Birds store energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or
“body reserves”; changes in these reserves can be reliably estimated by measuring
changes in body mass. If singing has important energy costs, nightingales should lose
more body mass on nights when their song rate is high. Thomas found that nightingales
reached a significantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more mass overnight on nights
when their song rate was high.
These results suggest that there may be several costs of singing at night associated with
body reserves. The increased metabolic cost of possessing higher body mass contributes
to the increased overnight mass loss. The strategic regulation of evening body reserves is
also likely to incur additional costs, as nightingales must spend more time foraging in
order to build up larger body reserves. The metabolic cost of singing itself may also
contribute to increased loss of reserves. This metabolic cost may arise from the muscular
and neural activity involved in singing or from behaviors associated with singing. For
example, birds may expend more of their reserves on thermo-regulation if they spend
the night exposed to the wind on a song post than if they are in a sheltered roost site.
Thomas’s data therefore show that whether or not singing per se has an important
metabolic cost, metabolic costs associated with singing can have an important
measurable effect on a bird’s daily energy budget, at least in birds with high song rates
such as nightingales.
Select all that apply:
12. It can be inferred from the passage that compared with other costs of singing,
which of the following is true of the energy costs of singing?
A They are the single greatest cost to an individual bird.
B They have generally received more attention from scientists.
C They vary less from one bird species to another.
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be costly. A bird, by singing,
may forfeit time that could otherwise be spent on other important behaviors such as
foraging or resting. Singing may also advertise an individual’s location to rivals or
predators and impair the ability to detect their approach. Although these types of cost
may be important, discussions of the cost of singing have generally focused on energy
costs.
Overall the evidence is equivocal: for instance, while Eberhardt found increases in energy
consumption during singing for Carolina wrens, Chappell found no effect of crowing on
energy consumption in roosters. To obtain empirical data regarding the energy costs of
singing, Thomas examined the relationship between song rate and overnight changes in
body mass of male nightingales. Birds store energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or
“body reserves”; changes in these reserves can be reliably estimated by measuring
changes in body mass. If singing has important energy costs, nightingales should lose
more body mass on nights when their song rate is high. Thomas found that nightingales
reached a significantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more mass overnight on nights
when their song rate was high.
These results suggest that there may be several costs of singing at night associated with
body reserves. The increased metabolic cost of possessing higher body mass contributes
to the increased overnight mass loss. The strategic regulation of evening body reserves is
also likely to incur additional costs, as nightingales must spend more time foraging in
order to build up larger body reserves. The metabolic cost of singing itself may also
contribute to increased loss of reserves. This metabolic cost may arise from the muscular
and neural activity involved in singing or from behaviors associated with singing. For
example, birds may expend more of their reserves on thermo-regulation if they spend
the night exposed to the wind on a song post than if they are in a sheltered roost site.
Thomas’s data therefore show that whether or not singing per se has an important
metabolic cost, metabolic costs associated with singing can have an important
measurable effect on a bird’s daily energy budget, at least in birds with high song rates
such as nightingales.
Select all that apply:
12. It can be inferred from the passage that compared with other costs of singing,
which of the following is true of the energy costs of singing?
A They are the single greatest cost to an individual bird.
B They have generally received more attention from scientists.
C They vary less from one bird species to another.
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
The studio head naturally , lets his underlings speak for him during most meetings,
remaining silent until absolutely necessary.
❏taciturn
❏laconic
❏solicitous
❏impertinent
❏loquacious
❏blithe
Sentence Equivalence
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
Ironically, the writer so wary of (i) was (ii) with ink and paper, his novel running to
2,500 Shagreen-bound folio pages-a fortune in stationery at the time.
Blank (i) Blank (ii)
A. probity
B. extravagance
C. disapprobation
D. acquisitive
E. illiberal
F. profligate
Text Completion
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
Text Completion
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
IMPORTANCE OF VOCABULARY
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
IMPORTANCE OF VOCABULARY
The shortest route is not always the quickest
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
IMPORTANCE OF VOCABULARY
The shortest route is not always the quickest
A better vocabulary will always help you save time on the
GRE Verbal Section
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
ROOT WORDS/MNEMONICS
ROOT WORDS
Mal : bad/evil - Malicious, malevolent,
maleficent
Phobia : fear - arachnophobia,
claustrophobia, hydrophobia)
Bene : good - benefactor, benevolent,
benediction
MNEMONICS
Assiduous – Ass in the dust
Garrulous – Girls rule us in chatting
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
•More than 1400 words
•More than 900 roots
•8 ways to learn each word
•9 types of review questions
•Visual and engaging content
•Personalized word set
•A memory engine
•Free access to our Manya vocab experts
The Vocab Builder :
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
• ANALYTICAL WRITING ASSESSMENT
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of
humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree
or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the
position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you
should consider ways in which the statement might or might not
hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
Issue based Essay
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
In surveys, Mason City residents rank water sports (swimming, boating, and fishing)
among their favorite recreational activities. The Mason River flowing through the city
is rarely used for these pursuits, however, and the city park department devotes little
of its budget to maintaining riverside recreational facilities. For years there have been
complaints from residents about the quality of the river's water and the river's smell.
In response, the state has recently announced plans to clean up Mason River. Use of
the river for water sports is, therefore, sure to increase. The city government should
for that reason devote more money in this year's budget to riverside
recreational facilities.
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated
assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends
on the assumptions and what the implications are if the assumptions
prove unwarranted.
Argument based Essay
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
40%GRE
ANALYTICAL
WRITING
ASSESSMENT
4 STEP APPROACH
1. Brainstorm
2. Outline
3. Write
4. Edit
BASIC OUTLINE
1. Introduction
2. Body Paragraph 1
3. Body Paragraph 2
4. Body Paragraph 3 (optional)
5. Conclusion
‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’
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Shortcuts to 320+ on the GRE - www.manyagroup.com

  • 2. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ 1 2 3 • AGENDA • Shortcuts to Quant • Shortcuts to Verbal • Making AWA a cakewalk
  • 3. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ 40%WHAT IS A GOOD SCORE? THE SCORE THAT GETS YOU IN SECTION Score Quantitative 170!! Verbal 155+ AWA 4.5+ Total = 320+
  • 4. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ 40% CONTENT • Arithmetic • Algebra • Geometry • Data interpretation QUESTION TYPES • Problem Solving • Quantitative Comparison • Numeric Entry • Select All That Apply CALCULATOR • Basic on-screen calculator available GRE: QUANTITATIVE
  • 5. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ 40%FORMAT • Multiple choice • Select all that apply • Select in-passage responses QUESTION TYPES • Reading comprehension • Text completion • Sentence equivalence GRE: VERBAL
  • 7. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’  Fundamentals must be strong and top priority. -1 0 o Quantity A is greater o Quantity B is greater o The two quantities are equal o The relationship cannot be determined
  • 8. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ •GRE SAMPLE QUESTIONS Global Techniques :  Understanding words properly is essential to avoid silly mistakes. If 20% of the animals in certain park are birds,and 40% of non-birds are mammals, and there are 75% as many amphibians as mammals in the park, what percent of the animals in the park are not birds, mammals, or amphibians ? (Note : None of the mammals are amphibians.) A) 10% B) 12% C) 20% D) 24% E) 25% Say, total animals = 100 # of birds = 20 # of mammals = 40% of 80 = 32. # of amphibians = 75% of 32 = 24 So, not birds,mammals, or amphibians = 100 – (20+32+24) = 24%
  • 9. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ Quantity A is greater Quantity B is greater The two quantities are equal The relationship cannot be determined from the information given. Not every question needs to be solved mathematically!
  • 10. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ Quantity A is greater Quantity B is greater The two quantities are equal The relationship cannot be determined from the information given. Not every question needs to be solved mathematically!
  • 11. n = 3 + 𝑥 x Is n an integer ? 0 NO 2/63 NO 1 YES 65/63 NO 4 NO 6 YES Don’t Panic!
  • 12. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ So, the perimeter of the triangle = 2+2+2 = 6 Therefore, our target answer should be = 6+ A) (2)(3+)/3 = 2+ B) (3+) C) (4)(3+)/3 = 4+ D) (2)(3+) = 6+ E) (8)(3+)/3 = 8+ Estimation
  • 13. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ o Quantity A is greater o Quantity B is greater o The two quantities are equal o The relationship cannot be determined r t p A 2 3 7 -1 0 1 1 -1 -2 -1 3 -1 Plugging-in
  • 17. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be costly. A bird, by singing, may forfeit time that could otherwise be spent on other important behaviors such as foraging or resting. Singing may also advertise an individual’s location to rivals or predators and impair the ability to detect their approach. Although these types of cost may be important, discussions of the cost of singing have generally focused on energy costs. Overall the evidence is equivocal: for instance, while Eberhardt found increases in energy consumption during singing for Carolina wrens, Chappell found no effect of crowing on energy consumption in roosters. To obtain empirical data regarding the energy costs of singing, Thomas examined the relationship between song rate and overnight changes in body mass of male nightingales. Birds store energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or “body reserves”; changes in these reserves can be reliably estimated by measuring changes in body mass. If singing has important energy costs, nightingales should lose more body mass on nights when their song rate is high. Thomas found that nightingales reached a significantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more mass overnight on nights when their song rate was high. These results suggest that there may be several costs of singing at night associated with body reserves. The increased metabolic cost of possessing higher body mass contributes to the increased overnight mass loss. The strategic regulation of evening body reserves is also likely to incur additional costs, as nightingales must spend more time foraging in order to build up larger body reserves. The metabolic cost of singing itself may also contribute to increased loss of reserves. This metabolic cost may arise from the muscular and neural activity involved in singing or from behaviors associated with singing. For example, birds may expend more of their reserves on thermo-regulation if they spend the night exposed to the wind on a song post than if they are in a sheltered roost site. Thomas’s data therefore show that whether or not singing per se has an important metabolic cost, metabolic costs associated with singing can have an important measurable effect on a bird’s daily energy budget, at least in birds with high song rates such as nightingales. 9. The primary purpose of the passage is to A compare the different types of cost involved for certain birds in singing B question a hypothesis regarding the energy costs of singing for certain birds C present evidence suggesting that singing has an important energy cost for certain birds D discuss the benefits provided to an organism by a behavior that is costly in energy E describe an experiment that supports an alternative model of how birdsong functions
  • 18. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be costly. A bird, by singing, may forfeit time that could otherwise be spent on other important behaviors such as foraging or resting. Singing may also advertise an individual’s location to rivals or predators and impair the ability to detect their approach. Although these types of cost may be important, discussions of the cost of singing have generally focused on energy costs. Overall the evidence is equivocal: for instance, while Eberhardt found increases in energy consumption during singing for Carolina wrens, Chappell found no effect of crowing on energy consumption in roosters. To obtain empirical data regarding the energy costs of singing, Thomas examined the relationship between song rate and overnight changes in body mass of male nightingales. Birds store energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or “body reserves”; changes in these reserves can be reliably estimated by measuring changes in body mass. If singing has important energy costs, nightingales should lose more body mass on nights when their song rate is high. Thomas found that nightingales reached a significantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more mass overnight on nights when their song rate was high. These results suggest that there may be several costs of singing at night associated with body reserves. The increased metabolic cost of possessing higher body mass contributes to the increased overnight mass loss. The strategic regulation of evening body reserves is also likely to incur additional costs, as nightingales must spend more time foraging in order to build up larger body reserves. The metabolic cost of singing itself may also contribute to increased loss of reserves. This metabolic cost may arise from the muscular and neural activity involved in singing or from behaviors associated with singing. For example, birds may expend more of their reserves on thermo-regulation if they spend the night exposed to the wind on a song post than if they are in a sheltered roost site. Thomas’s data therefore show that whether or not singing per se has an important metabolic cost, metabolic costs associated with singing can have an important measurable effect on a bird’s daily energy budget, at least in birds with high song rates such as nightingales. 10. The passage implies that during the day before a night on which a male nightingale’s song rate is high, that nightingale probably does which of the following? A Expends less of its reserves on thermoregulation than on other days B Spend less time on foraging or resting C Looses more body mass D Stores more energy as body reserves than on other days E Hides to avoid predators
  • 19. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be costly. A bird, by singing, may forfeit time that could otherwise be spent on other important behaviors such as foraging or resting. Singing may also advertise an individual’s location to rivals or predators and impair the ability to detect their approach. Although these types of cost may be important, discussions of the cost of singing have generally focused on energy costs. Overall the evidence is equivocal: for instance, while Eberhardt found increases in energy consumption during singing for Carolina wrens, Chappell found no effect of crowing on energy consumption in roosters. To obtain empirical data regarding the energy costs of singing, Thomas examined the relationship between song rate and overnight changes in body mass of male nightingales. Birds store energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or “body reserves”; changes in these reserves can be reliably estimated by measuring changes in body mass. If singing has important energy costs, nightingales should lose more body mass on nights when their song rate is high. Thomas found that nightingales reached a significantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more mass overnight on nights when their song rate was high. These results suggest that there may be several costs of singing at night associated with body reserves. The increased metabolic cost of possessing higher body mass contributes to the increased overnight mass loss. The strategic regulation of evening body reserves is also likely to incur additional costs, as nightingales must spend more time foraging in order to build up larger body reserves. The metabolic cost of singing itself may also contribute to increased loss of reserves. This metabolic cost may arise from the muscular and neural activity involved in singing or from behaviors associated with singing. For example, birds may expend more of their reserves on thermo-regulation if they spend the night exposed to the wind on a song post than if they are in a sheltered roost site. Thomas’s data therefore show that whether or not singing per se has an important metabolic cost, metabolic costs associated with singing can have an important measurable effect on a bird’s daily energy budget, at least in birds with high song rates such as nightingales. 10. The passage implies that during the day before a night on which a male nightingale’s song rate is high, that nightingale probably does which of the following? A Expends less of its reserves on thermoregulation than on other days B Spend less time on foraging or resting C Looses more body mass D Stores more energy as body reserves than on other days E Hides to avoid predators
  • 20. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be costly. A bird, by singing, may forfeit time that could otherwise be spent on other important behaviors such as foraging or resting. Singing may also advertise an individual’s location to rivals or predators and impair the ability to detect their approach. Although these types of cost may be important, discussions of the cost of singing have generally focused on energy costs. Overall the evidence is equivocal: for instance, while Eberhardt found increases in energy consumption during singing for Carolina wrens, Chappell found no effect of crowing on energy consumption in roosters. To obtain empirical data regarding the energy costs of singing, Thomas examined the relationship between song rate and overnight changes in body mass of male nightingales. Birds store energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or “body reserves”; changes in these reserves can be reliably estimated by measuring changes in body mass. If singing has important energy costs, nightingales should lose more body mass on nights when their song rate is high. Thomas found that nightingales reached a significantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more mass overnight on nights when their song rate was high. These results suggest that there may be several costs of singing at night associated with body reserves. The increased metabolic cost of possessing higher body mass contributes to the increased overnight mass loss. The strategic regulation of evening body reserves is also likely to incur additional costs, as nightingales must spend more time foraging in order to build up larger body reserves. The metabolic cost of singing itself may also contribute to increased loss of reserves. This metabolic cost may arise from the muscular and neural activity involved in singing or from behaviors associated with singing. For example, birds may expend more of their reserves on thermo-regulation if they spend the night exposed to the wind on a song post than if they are in a sheltered roost site. Thomas’s data therefore show that whether or not singing per se has an important metabolic cost, metabolic costs associated with singing can have an important measurable effect on a bird’s daily energy budget, at least in birds with high song rates such as nightingales. 10. The passage implies that during the day before a night on which a male nightingale’s song rate is high, that nightingale probably does which of the following? A Expends less of its reserves on thermoregulation than on other days B Spend less time on foraging or resting C Looses more body mass D Stores more energy as body reserves than on other days E Hides to avoid predators
  • 21. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ ... Thomas examined the relationship between song rate and overnight changes in body mass of male nightingales. Birds store energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or “body reserves”; changes in these reserves can be reliably estimated by measuring changes in body mass. If singing has important energy costs, nightingales should lose more body mass on nights when their song rate is high. Thomas found that nightingales reached a significantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more mass overnight on nights when their song rate was high. ... 10. The passage implies that during the day before a night on which a male nightingale’s song rate is high, that nightingale probably does which of the following? A Expends less of its reserves on thermoregulation than on other days B Spend less time on foraging or resting C Looses more body mass D Stores more energy as body reserves than on other days E Hides to avoid predators
  • 22. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be costly. A bird, by singing, may forfeit time that could otherwise be spent on other important behaviors such as foraging or resting. Singing may also advertise an individual’s location to rivals or predators and impair the ability to detect their approach. Although these types of cost may be important, discussions of the cost of singing have generally focused on energy costs. Overall the evidence is equivocal: for instance, while Eberhardt found increases in energy consumption during singing for Carolina wrens, Chappell found no effect of crowing on energy consumption in roosters. To obtain empirical data regarding the energy costs of singing, Thomas examined the relationship between song rate and overnight changes in body mass of male nightingales. Birds store energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or “body reserves”; changes in these reserves can be reliably estimated by measuring changes in body mass. If singing has important energy costs, nightingales should lose more body mass on nights when their song rate is high. Thomas found that nightingales reached a significantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more mass overnight on nights when their song rate was high. These results suggest that there may be several costs of singing at night associated with body reserves. The increased metabolic cost of possessing higher body mass contributes to the increased overnight mass loss. The strategic regulation of evening body reserves is also likely to incur additional costs, as nightingales must spend more time foraging in order to build up larger body reserves. The metabolic cost of singing itself may also contribute to increased loss of reserves. This metabolic cost may arise from the muscular and neural activity involved in singing or from behaviors associated with singing. For example, birds may expend more of their reserves on thermo-regulation if they spend the night exposed to the wind on a song post than if they are in a sheltered roost site. Thomas’s data therefore show that whether or not singing per se has an important metabolic cost, metabolic costs associated with singing can have an important measurable effect on a bird’s daily energy budget, at least in birds with high song rates such as nightingales. 11 Select the sentence in the first or second paragraph that presents empirical results in support of a hypothesis about the energy costs of singing.
  • 23. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be costly. A bird, by singing, may forfeit time that could otherwise be spent on other important behaviors such as foraging or resting. Singing may also advertise an individual’s location to rivals or predators and impair the ability to detect their approach. Although these types of cost may be important, discussions of the cost of singing have generally focused on energy costs. Overall the evidence is equivocal: for instance, while Eberhardt found increases in energy consumption during singing for Carolina wrens, Chappell found no effect of crowing on energy consumption in roosters. To obtain empirical data regarding the energy costs of singing, Thomas examined the relationship between song rate and overnight changes in body mass of male nightingales. Birds store energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or “body reserves”; changes in these reserves can be reliably estimated by measuring changes in body mass. If singing has important energy costs, nightingales should lose more body mass on nights when their song rate is high. Thomas found that nightingales reached a significantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more mass overnight on nights when their song rate was high These results suggest that there may be several costs of singing at night associated with body reserves. The increased metabolic cost of possessing higher body mass contributes to the increased overnight mass loss. The strategic regulation of evening body reserves is also likely to incur additional costs, as nightingales must spend more time foraging in order to build up larger body reserves. The metabolic cost of singing itself may also contribute to increased loss of reserves. This metabolic cost may arise from the muscular and neural activity involved in singing or from behaviors associated with singing. For example, birds may expend more of their reserves on thermo-regulation if they spend the night exposed to the wind on a song post than if they are in a sheltered roost site. Thomas’s data therefore show that whether or not singing per se has an important metabolic cost, metabolic costs associated with singing can have an important measurable effect on a bird’s daily energy budget, at least in birds with high song rates such as nightingales. 11 Select the sentence in the first or second paragraph that presents empirical results in support of a hypothesis about the energy costs of singing.
  • 24. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be costly. A bird, by singing, may forfeit time that could otherwise be spent on other important behaviors such as foraging or resting. Singing may also advertise an individual’s location to rivals or predators and impair the ability to detect their approach. Although these types of cost may be important, discussions of the cost of singing have generally focused on energy costs. Overall the evidence is equivocal: for instance, while Eberhardt found increases in energy consumption during singing for Carolina wrens, Chappell found no effect of crowing on energy consumption in roosters. To obtain empirical data regarding the energy costs of singing, Thomas examined the relationship between song rate and overnight changes in body mass of male nightingales. Birds store energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or “body reserves”; changes in these reserves can be reliably estimated by measuring changes in body mass. If singing has important energy costs, nightingales should lose more body mass on nights when their song rate is high. Thomas found that nightingales reached a significantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more mass overnight on nights when their song rate was high These results suggest that there may be several costs of singing at night associated with body reserves. The increased metabolic cost of possessing higher body mass contributes to the increased overnight mass loss. The strategic regulation of evening body reserves is also likely to incur additional costs, as nightingales must spend more time foraging in order to build up larger body reserves. The metabolic cost of singing itself may also contribute to increased loss of reserves. This metabolic cost may arise from the muscular and neural activity involved in singing or from behaviors associated with singing. For example, birds may expend more of their reserves on thermo-regulation if they spend the night exposed to the wind on a song post than if they are in a sheltered roost site. Thomas’s data therefore show that whether or not singing per se has an important metabolic cost, metabolic costs associated with singing can have an important measurable effect on a bird’s daily energy budget, at least in birds with high song rates such as nightingales. 11 Select the sentence in the first or second paragraph that presents empirical results in support of a hypothesis about the energy costs of singing.
  • 25. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be costly. A bird, by singing, may forfeit time that could otherwise be spent on other important behaviors such as foraging or resting. Singing may also advertise an individual’s location to rivals or predators and impair the ability to detect their approach. Although these types of cost may be important, discussions of the cost of singing have generally focused on energy costs. Overall the evidence is equivocal: for instance, while Eberhardt found increases in energy consumption during singing for Carolina wrens, Chappell found no effect of crowing on energy consumption in roosters. To obtain empirical data regarding the energy costs of singing, Thomas examined the relationship between song rate and overnight changes in body mass of male nightingales. Birds store energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or “body reserves”; changes in these reserves can be reliably estimated by measuring changes in body mass. If singing has important energy costs, nightingales should lose more body mass on nights when their song rate is high. Thomas found that nightingales reached a significantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more mass overnight on nights when their song rate was high. These results suggest that there may be several costs of singing at night associated with body reserves. The increased metabolic cost of possessing higher body mass contributes to the increased overnight mass loss. The strategic regulation of evening body reserves is also likely to incur additional costs, as nightingales must spend more time foraging in order to build up larger body reserves. The metabolic cost of singing itself may also contribute to increased loss of reserves. This metabolic cost may arise from the muscular and neural activity involved in singing or from behaviors associated with singing. For example, birds may expend more of their reserves on thermo-regulation if they spend the night exposed to the wind on a song post than if they are in a sheltered roost site. Thomas’s data therefore show that whether or not singing per se has an important metabolic cost, metabolic costs associated with singing can have an important measurable effect on a bird’s daily energy budget, at least in birds with high song rates such as nightingales. Select all that apply: 12. It can be inferred from the passage that compared with other costs of singing, which of the following is true of the energy costs of singing? A They are the single greatest cost to an individual bird. B They have generally received more attention from scientists. C They vary less from one bird species to another.
  • 26. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be costly. A bird, by singing, may forfeit time that could otherwise be spent on other important behaviors such as foraging or resting. Singing may also advertise an individual’s location to rivals or predators and impair the ability to detect their approach. Although these types of cost may be important, discussions of the cost of singing have generally focused on energy costs. Overall the evidence is equivocal: for instance, while Eberhardt found increases in energy consumption during singing for Carolina wrens, Chappell found no effect of crowing on energy consumption in roosters. To obtain empirical data regarding the energy costs of singing, Thomas examined the relationship between song rate and overnight changes in body mass of male nightingales. Birds store energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or “body reserves”; changes in these reserves can be reliably estimated by measuring changes in body mass. If singing has important energy costs, nightingales should lose more body mass on nights when their song rate is high. Thomas found that nightingales reached a significantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more mass overnight on nights when their song rate was high. These results suggest that there may be several costs of singing at night associated with body reserves. The increased metabolic cost of possessing higher body mass contributes to the increased overnight mass loss. The strategic regulation of evening body reserves is also likely to incur additional costs, as nightingales must spend more time foraging in order to build up larger body reserves. The metabolic cost of singing itself may also contribute to increased loss of reserves. This metabolic cost may arise from the muscular and neural activity involved in singing or from behaviors associated with singing. For example, birds may expend more of their reserves on thermo-regulation if they spend the night exposed to the wind on a song post than if they are in a sheltered roost site. Thomas’s data therefore show that whether or not singing per se has an important metabolic cost, metabolic costs associated with singing can have an important measurable effect on a bird’s daily energy budget, at least in birds with high song rates such as nightingales. Select all that apply: 12. It can be inferred from the passage that compared with other costs of singing, which of the following is true of the energy costs of singing? A They are the single greatest cost to an individual bird. B They have generally received more attention from scientists. C They vary less from one bird species to another.
  • 27. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ The studio head naturally , lets his underlings speak for him during most meetings, remaining silent until absolutely necessary. ❏taciturn ❏laconic ❏solicitous ❏impertinent ❏loquacious ❏blithe Sentence Equivalence
  • 28. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ Ironically, the writer so wary of (i) was (ii) with ink and paper, his novel running to 2,500 Shagreen-bound folio pages-a fortune in stationery at the time. Blank (i) Blank (ii) A. probity B. extravagance C. disapprobation D. acquisitive E. illiberal F. profligate Text Completion
  • 31. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ IMPORTANCE OF VOCABULARY The shortest route is not always the quickest
  • 32. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ IMPORTANCE OF VOCABULARY The shortest route is not always the quickest A better vocabulary will always help you save time on the GRE Verbal Section
  • 33. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ ROOT WORDS/MNEMONICS ROOT WORDS Mal : bad/evil - Malicious, malevolent, maleficent Phobia : fear - arachnophobia, claustrophobia, hydrophobia) Bene : good - benefactor, benevolent, benediction MNEMONICS Assiduous – Ass in the dust Garrulous – Girls rule us in chatting
  • 34. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ •More than 1400 words •More than 900 roots •8 ways to learn each word •9 types of review questions •Visual and engaging content •Personalized word set •A memory engine •Free access to our Manya vocab experts The Vocab Builder :
  • 35. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ • ANALYTICAL WRITING ASSESSMENT
  • 36. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position. Issue based Essay
  • 37. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ In surveys, Mason City residents rank water sports (swimming, boating, and fishing) among their favorite recreational activities. The Mason River flowing through the city is rarely used for these pursuits, however, and the city park department devotes little of its budget to maintaining riverside recreational facilities. For years there have been complaints from residents about the quality of the river's water and the river's smell. In response, the state has recently announced plans to clean up Mason River. Use of the river for water sports is, therefore, sure to increase. The city government should for that reason devote more money in this year's budget to riverside recreational facilities. Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on the assumptions and what the implications are if the assumptions prove unwarranted. Argument based Essay
  • 38. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ 40%GRE ANALYTICAL WRITING ASSESSMENT 4 STEP APPROACH 1. Brainstorm 2. Outline 3. Write 4. Edit BASIC OUTLINE 1. Introduction 2. Body Paragraph 1 3. Body Paragraph 2 4. Body Paragraph 3 (optional) 5. Conclusion
  • 39. ‘Saraswati before Lakshmi’ Send your study abroad queries to info@manyagroup.com or call us on: 1800-102-4646 (Toll free) Website: www.manyagroup.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ManyaIndia Twitter: https://twitter.com/manya_group LinkedIn: https://in.linkedin.com/company/manyagroup Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ManyaGroup/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/manyaedu