The document discusses whether getting what you want is morally right if it means others also get what they want. It argues that a Pareto improvement, where at least one person gains something preferred without others losing what they want, can be either moral or immoral depending on the situation. A Pareto improvement is moral if it involves a used car sale, but immoral if it involves buying illegal drugs, as drugs harm health and safety. While legal, lying may be immoral, and helping someone, though illegal, may be moral. Whether a Pareto improvement is moral requires examining each situation individually rather than assuming morality based on legality.
Ethics in the Workplace is the single most important attribute which leads to Sustainable Development.The Process of taking Ethical Decisions is very crucial in this context.
2Class Handout for James Hittman” Hitt LectureStaying Safe .docxrhetttrevannion
2
Class Handout for James “Hittman” Hitt Lecture
Staying Safe in Law Enforcement Encounters
Note from Professor Charli: In light of the many issues covered by the media surrounding stops by law enforcement, particularly among minorities, I thought it might be a good idea to have this discussion in class. James Hitt is a retired law enforcement officer who spent many years in the field interacting with the public. His tips and suggestions just might save you time and trouble when you are stopped in a vehicle or otherwise detained by law enforcement. Please remember that an officer doesn’t know who you are and may also be fearful for his or her own life as well. We are all only human. I am not making excuses or judgments in either direction, rather I am trying to help keep you safe.
As we watch the Sandra Bland Documentary observe how quickly her situation escalated. At one point you can hear her say “I can’t believe a lane change came to this” or words to that effect. This is exactly why I want you to hear what James Hitt has to say. You can be absolutely right (as I believe Sandra Bland may well have been) but what you say and do is critical if you find yourself in this situation. Play it safe. Being right is never worth your safety, although I realize sometimes you just can’t change the outcome. (Tamir Rice, Phillip Castillo, Trayvon Martin and others)
First: Get into a good habit of checking over your vehicle regularly. Check lights, blinkers, tires and windshield wipers for any deficiencies and keep them in good working order. This is something you should do at least weekly. Before you go on a road trip check the oil and make sure you have plenty of gas too. Plan your trip out and make sure that you have planned for rest stops. Do not drive when you are fatigued or overtired. This is a recipe for trouble. Do not engage in road rage interactions. You have no way of knowing if the other individual is carrying a firearm, is under the influence of drugs or alcohol, or is just plain dangerous.
Tip! That little lever on the left side of the column underneath the steering wheel, you know the one that treats your blinkers on for right and left turns? How about using it? If you need to make that lane change be sure to give plenty of notice to the vehicles around you and allow enough space to change lanes without endangering yourself or anyone else on the road.
Tip! Unsafe lane changes and following too close are the leading causes of starting a road rage incident! You cannot control the people around you, but you can control how you react and behave on the road.
During a Traffic Stop: During a daytime stop please ensure you are wearing your seatbelt. Don’t be caught texting or talking on your cell phone unless it is hands-free. If the officer activates his/her emergency lights, turn on your right blinker and carefully pull over to the right at your earliest safe opportunity. Turn your vehicle off and wait on the right shoulder. Keep your han.
Ethics in the Workplace is the single most important attribute which leads to Sustainable Development.The Process of taking Ethical Decisions is very crucial in this context.
2Class Handout for James Hittman” Hitt LectureStaying Safe .docxrhetttrevannion
2
Class Handout for James “Hittman” Hitt Lecture
Staying Safe in Law Enforcement Encounters
Note from Professor Charli: In light of the many issues covered by the media surrounding stops by law enforcement, particularly among minorities, I thought it might be a good idea to have this discussion in class. James Hitt is a retired law enforcement officer who spent many years in the field interacting with the public. His tips and suggestions just might save you time and trouble when you are stopped in a vehicle or otherwise detained by law enforcement. Please remember that an officer doesn’t know who you are and may also be fearful for his or her own life as well. We are all only human. I am not making excuses or judgments in either direction, rather I am trying to help keep you safe.
As we watch the Sandra Bland Documentary observe how quickly her situation escalated. At one point you can hear her say “I can’t believe a lane change came to this” or words to that effect. This is exactly why I want you to hear what James Hitt has to say. You can be absolutely right (as I believe Sandra Bland may well have been) but what you say and do is critical if you find yourself in this situation. Play it safe. Being right is never worth your safety, although I realize sometimes you just can’t change the outcome. (Tamir Rice, Phillip Castillo, Trayvon Martin and others)
First: Get into a good habit of checking over your vehicle regularly. Check lights, blinkers, tires and windshield wipers for any deficiencies and keep them in good working order. This is something you should do at least weekly. Before you go on a road trip check the oil and make sure you have plenty of gas too. Plan your trip out and make sure that you have planned for rest stops. Do not drive when you are fatigued or overtired. This is a recipe for trouble. Do not engage in road rage interactions. You have no way of knowing if the other individual is carrying a firearm, is under the influence of drugs or alcohol, or is just plain dangerous.
Tip! That little lever on the left side of the column underneath the steering wheel, you know the one that treats your blinkers on for right and left turns? How about using it? If you need to make that lane change be sure to give plenty of notice to the vehicles around you and allow enough space to change lanes without endangering yourself or anyone else on the road.
Tip! Unsafe lane changes and following too close are the leading causes of starting a road rage incident! You cannot control the people around you, but you can control how you react and behave on the road.
During a Traffic Stop: During a daytime stop please ensure you are wearing your seatbelt. Don’t be caught texting or talking on your cell phone unless it is hands-free. If the officer activates his/her emergency lights, turn on your right blinker and carefully pull over to the right at your earliest safe opportunity. Turn your vehicle off and wait on the right shoulder. Keep your han.
Ethical ClaimsBoth ethics and morals involve considerations abou.docxSANSKAR20
Ethical Claims
Both ethics and morals involve considerations about what’s right and wrong. The term “ethics” derives from the Greek word ethos, meaning character, while “moral” comes from the Latin word moralis, meaning ethical. So the words “ethics” and “morals” are often used interchangeably.
For most of this text, we’ve been exploring the ways that people provide support that a claim is true. But now we’re exploring something quite different: how people provide support that a claim is right—not “right” in the sense of being accurate but “right” in the sense of being the morally correct thing to do.
Not everything has a moral dimension. Some things, like arithmetic, are amoral. The equation 2 + 2 = 4 is neither good nor bad, it’s just true. In contrast, consider the following claim:
It is wrong to eat meat.
This is still a conclusion, and to persuade others to believe it we will need to construct an argument (i.e., provide sound reasoning to support this conclusion). So we’re still dealing with claims and arguments, fallacies and sources, and so on, but we’ve completely left the realm of science, with its observable phenomena and replicable experiments. We’re in the land of ethics now.
We learn ethics like we learn everything else: through a mixture of personal experience and shared knowledge. Every society possesses a sense that some things are right and others are wrong. Generally speaking, we believe that it is good to help other people and bad to hurt them. We learn this from our own reactions to things as we grow up and develop our sense of self. And these lessons are reinforced by parents, teachers, friends, and strangers, as well as in the stories of our culture.
A Few Helpful Terms for Discussing Ethics
Ethics: thinking and reasoning about right and wrong.
Moral principles: rules of conduct that guide an individual’s actions to take into account the interests of other people.
Excuse: a reason offered for breaking a moral principle in a given situation.
Justification: an argument claiming that violating some moral principle is actually the right course of action in a given situation.
Killing is wrong… (moral principle)
… unless you are killing someone as punishment for killing someone else. (justification)
Moral dilemma: a situation in which there is not an obvious ethically right or wrong answer, often because there are two moral principles in conflict with each other.
An armed man has entered a school and is killing children.
It’s wrong to kill.
Should I kill him to keep him from killing others?
Answer the following questions about the material above.
Multiple Choice Question
How do moral claims differ from other types of claims?
· There’s no such thing as a fallacy in a moral claim.
· They make a claim about what’s right and wrong.
· They must be supported by evidence.
· They contain a premise and a conclusion.
Multiple Choice Question
Kayla normally believes that a mother should make her child as happy as possibl ...
Ethics / 9.1 Ethical Claims Questions: 0 of 3 complete (0%) | 0 of 2 correct (0%)
Ethical Claims
Both ethics and morals involve considerations about what's right and wrong. The term "ethics" derives from the Greek word ethos, meaning character, while "moral" comes from the Latin word moralis, meaning ethical. So the words "ethics" and "morals" are often used interchangeably.
For most of this text, we've been exploring the ways that people provide support that a claim is true. But now we're exploring something quite different: how people provide support that a claim is right—not "right" in the sense of accurate but "right" in the sense of morally the correct thing to do.
Not everything has a moral dimension. Some things, like arithmetic, are amoral. The equation 2 + 2 = 4 is neither good nor bad, it's just true. In contrast, consider the following claim:
It is wrong to eat meat.
This is still a conclusion, and to persuade others to believe it, we will need to construct an argument (i.e., provide sound reasoning to support this conclusion). So we're still dealing with claims and arguments, fallacies and sources, and so on. But we've completely left the realm of science, with its observable phenomena and replicable experiments. We're in the land of ethics now.
We learn ethics like we learn everything else, through a mixture of personal experience and shared knowledge. Every society possesses a sense that some things are right and others are wrong. Generally speaking, we believe that it is good to help other people and bad to hurt them. We learn this from our own reactions to things as we grow up and develop our sense of self. And these lessons are reinforced by parents, teachers, friends, and strangers, as well as in the stories of our culture.
A Few Helpful Terms for Discussing Ethics
Ethics: thinking and reasoning about right and wrong.
Moral principles: rules of conduct that guide an individual's actions to take into account the interests of other people.
Excuse: a reason offered for breaking a moral principle in a given situation.
Justification: an argument claiming that violating some moral principle is actually the right course of action in a given situation.
Killing is wrong… (moral principle)
… unless you are killing someone as punishment for killing someone else. (justification)
Moral dilemma: a situation in which there is not an obvious ethically right or wrong answer, often because there are two moral principles in conflict with each other.
An armed man has entered a school and is killing children.
It's wrong to kill.
Should I kill him to keep him from killing others?
Answer the following questions about the material above.
How do moral claims differ from other types of claims?
· They make a claim about what's right and wrong.
· They contain a premise and a conclusion.
· There's no such thing as a fallacy in a moral claim.
· They must be supported by evidence.
Save
Kayla normally believes that a mother should make her child as ...
1. 1
London Graves
Ethics and Business
Ellis
Short Paper Assignment
Is Getting What You Want Morally Right?
A Pareto-Improvement is when at least one person gains something they prefer without
any other person getting less of what they want. A Pareto-Optimal situation occurs when no
other Pareto- improvements can be made and all parties are in the best position they can be in
without anyone getting less satisfaction. In a sense, a Pareto-Improvement is the means to
achieving a Pareto-Optimal situation (Hausman and McPherson, pg.65-66). Now the question I
ask you is: Is it morally right to get what you want, even if it means that everyone else will be
equally getting what they want? My answer to this is, to some extent yes, and to some extent
no. It all depends on the situation, and what the preferences are.
A situation where a Pareto-Improvement is moral would be: Say a person has a used car
they would like to sell for $4,000, and I would like to buy this car for less than $5,000. We can
come to a Pareto-Improvement of any amount between $4,000 and $5,000. This is an
improvement because both of us are in a win-win situation in terms of what we want. He will
either get the amount he wanted for the car or a little more, and I will get the car for what I
wanted to spend or a little less. This situation is also moral because I am not buying the car to
use it for anything else than to drive around town. It will not be used in any illegal way. Once
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we have come to an agreement on the sale of the car, it can become a Pareto-Optimal situation
if there is no other Pareto-Improvements that can be made in the dealing. We both win in this
situation, therefore everyone is happy with what they have. He will get the money from the
sale of the car, and I will have a used car to get me around town. This is great!
Now on the other hand you do not want everyone in the world getting everything they
want because, let’s be frank, some people would want some crazy things, such as illegal drugs,
top secret information that could cause harm to national security, etc. These things people are
wanting may be morally wrong and should not be marketed, and the actions of getting these
things could cause harm down the road to an innocent person. An example of an immoral
Pareto-Improvement and Pareto-Optimal situation would be the purchase of illegal drugs. Let’s
take the same example as above, only instead of making a deal for a car we are now making a
deal for illegal drugs. We may still reach a Pareto-Improvement if he wants the money more
than the drugs and I want the drugs more than my money, but are the preferences of what we
want moral? In this situation they are not. There is a reason that these drugs are illegal and
should not be marketed. Illegal drugs cause physical harm to the body of the person taking
them, and they have the potential to harm innocent by-standers. This is what happens when
you hear of a small child getting hit by a car while riding their bike because the driver was high
on illegal drugs. It would be immoral to take the risk of this happening or to risk your own
health all because you wanted to buy illegal drugs.
However, please do not confuse legality and morality as the same thing. These two
words are not synonyms. Something can be legal but immoral, while another thing could be
illegal but moral. Like the example used in class, lying to your wife may be legal, but to the
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individual it could be immoral. An example of the reverse could be, you park in a no parking
zone to help an elderly lady that had fallen. Illegal drugs would still be immoral to use or
purchase even if they are made legal because you are still risking your health and others safety.
Legality and morality should never be used as synonyms for these reasons.
To sum up everything, a Pareto-Improvement and a Pareto-Optimal situation can be
both moral situations, and immoral situations. Each situation needs to be treated as an
individual in order to determine if they are moral or not. Pareto-Improvements and a Pareto-
Optimal situations are not “one size fits all’ in the terms of morality, they can be both good and
bad.
References
Hausman, Daniel M. and Michael S. McPherson. Economic Analysis, Moral Philosophy, and
Public Policy. Second Edition. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Text. Pages
64-72.