2. In this natural experiment, patients admitted to our 24-bed MICU were assigned essentially at random based on bed availability to rooms with (17) or without (7) windows, and to our 24-bed SICU to rooms with (11) or without (13) pleasing views

3. In primary “per-protocol” analyses, patients transferred between rooms during the ICU stay were excluded due to the non-random nature of such transfers

7. Current regulatory standards require the incorporation of windows for all new ICU rooms

9. However, subgroup analyses restricted to days with at least 12 hrs of ambient light were similarly unrevealing

11. ICU readmission rate

12. ICU-acquired delirium rate

13. Hospital and ICU length of stay

14. Hospitalization fixed, marginal, and total costsFigure 1a. MICU windows’ effects on mortality and delirium Figure 1b. SICU views’ effects on mortality and delirium