SharePoint Object Model, Web Services and Events

Consultant
Certification
Mohan Arumugam
Technologies Specialist
E-mail : moohanan@gmail.com
Phone : +91 99406 53876
Profile
Blogger
Trainer
Who Am I ?

• Managed code object model on the server
• Accessible via ASP.NET or any other server process
• Implemented in C#
• Exposes almost of all of the data stored in WSS
• Examples of what can be done with the Object Mode:
 Add, edit, delete, and retrieve data from SharePoint Lists
 Create new lists and set list metadata (e.g. the fields in a list)
 Set web properties
 Work with documents in document libraries.
 Perform administrative tasks such as creating webs, adding users, creating
roles, etc.
 Pretty much any functionality in the UI can be automated through the OM!

• For content stored in WSS, only registered set of web custom
controls will run in pages
• Inline script in the page will not execute
 Code behind in pages can be made to work
• All Executable code (e.g. web custom controls, web parts, and
code-behind classes) needs to be installed on physical web server

• SharePoint Foundation(WSS)
 Site and Workspace Provisioning Engine
 Out-of-the-box Collaboration Services
• SharePoint Server
 User Profiles, Search, Workflows, WCM
 BCS, Excel Services, Forms Services, Access, ECM
SharePoint 2013 Foundation
Browser Clients
MS Word Clients
MS Outlook Clients
SharePoint 2013 Server
Windows Server 2008 R2 / Windows 2012
Internet Information Services 7.0 or Above
.NET Framework 4.5

• Farm-Trust Solutions
 Introduced in SharePoint 2007
 Hosted in the same process as SharePoint
 Full server-side SharePoint API access
• Sandbox Solutions
 For existing SharePoint 2010 solutions only
• SharePoint App Model
 Introduced in SharePoint 2013
 Provides for highest level of app isolation
 Much cleaner & simpler install & upgrade process

 Requires x64 operating system
 Windows Server 2008/2012
 Windows Server 2008R2/2013
 SharePoint 2010 must be installed locally
 SharePoint Foundation or SharePoint Server
 Visual Studio 2010/2012
 Additional software as required in the project

 Build a web part
 This is the best option to write code that functions are part of a WSS site or
solution
 There will be lots of documentation with the beta on how to build a web part.
 Web Part is reusable and can be managed using all of the web part tools and
UI.

 Build an ASPX page
 Code cannot live inline in a page within the site.
 Creating pages underneath the /_layouts directory is often the best option for
custom ASPX apps on top of SharePoint
 This lets your page be accessible from any web. For example, if you build mypage.aspx in
_Layouts, it is accessible from the following URLs:
 http://myweb/_layouts/myapp/mypage.aspx
 http://myweb/subweb1/_layouts/myapp/mypage.aspx
 ASPX page will run using the context of the web under which it is running.

 Windows Executable or any other application
 Object model can be called from pretty much any code context. It is not
limited to just web parts or ASP.Net
 For example, you could build a command-line utility to perform certain actions

 The object model has three top-level objects:
 SPWeb (represents an individual site)
 SPSite (represents a site collection, which is a set of web sites)
 SPGlobalAdmin (used for global administration settings)
 In order to perform actions on data within a web, you must first get an
SPWeb object.

 You should add references to the WSS
namespaces to your source files
using Microsoft.SharePoint;
using Microsoft.SharePoint.WebControls;
using Microsoft.SharePoint.Administration;
…

 List Data
◦ SPField
◦ SPFieldCollection
◦ SPListCollection
◦ SPList
◦ SPListItemCollection
◦ SPListItem
◦ SPView
 Administration
◦ SPGlobalAdmin
◦ SPQuota
◦ SPVirtualServer
 Security
◦ SPGroup
◦ SPGroupCollection
◦ SPSite
◦ SPUser
◦ SPUserCollection
 Documents
◦ SPDocumentLibrary
◦ SPFile
◦ SPFileCollection
◦ SPFolder

SPFarm
SPService
SPWeb Application
SPSite
SPWeb
SPList
SPWeb
SPList

 SPFarm represents the highest-level object in the
hierarchy
 It is a class AND a global, static object
 SPFarm has no constructors
 Cannot be created or disposed
 Must be set to an existing static object
 SPFarm.Local provides the entry point to the current
farm
 SPFarm exposes properties, methods, and events that
affect farmwide settings
 For example:
DefaultServiceAccount, Servers, Services, Solutions, OnBackup, OnRestore, Upgrade
SPFarm thisFarm = SPFarm.Local;
if (thisFarm.CurrentUserIsAdministrator)
{
...
}

 SPService objects represent farmwide services
 For example: Forms Services, Access Services, PerformancePoint
Services, SharePoint Server Search Service, Excel Calculation Services, User
Profile Service, Business Data Connectivity Service, Managed Metadata
Services
 SPWebService is a type of SPService
 Each Web Application belongs to an SPWebServiceSPFarm thisFarm = SPFarm.Local;
if(thisFarm.CurrentUserIsAdministrator)
{
foreach (SPService svc in thisFarm.Services)
{
if (svc is SPWebService)
{
SPWebService webSvc = (SPWebService)svc;
...
}
}
}

 SPWebApplication objects map to IIS Web sites
 Not the same as a SharePoint Site or SharePoint Web
 Each SPWebApplication has its own Web.config
 Administrators typically create Web Applications
by using SharePoint Central Administration
 Developers can also create Web Applications by adding to the
WebApplications collection of a SPWebService object, but this is not a typical
action
 More typically, developers work with an existing SPWebApplication
 For example, to control Alert settings, create new site collections, or to
control maximum file size settings
 Developers can also delete Web Applications, but this is not a typical action
 Exercise caution

SPFarm thisFarm = SPFarm.Local;
if(thisFarm.CurrentUserIsAdministrator)
{
foreach(SPService svc in thisFarm.Services)
{
if(svc is SPWebService)
{
SPWebService webSvc = (SPWebService)svc;
foreach (SPWebApplication webApp in webSvc.WebApplications)
{
if (!webApp.IsAdministrationWebApplication)
{
...
}
}
}
}
}

 SPSite objects represent site collections
 Each SPSite has a RootWeb property (SPWeb)
 Typically a security boundary and a container for users, groups, rights, permissions
 SPSite objects can contain site-level features and
solutions
 Instantiate SPSite objects:
 By using its constructor
 As a member of the Sites collection of an SPWebApplication
 By referencing the current context site
 Different instantiation approaches require different
disposal strategies

...
foreach (SPSite site in webApp.Sites)
{
site.CatchAccessDeniedException = false;
try
{
...
}
finally
{
site.Dispose();
}
}
SPSite remoteSite = new SPSite("http://sharepoint");
...
remoteSite.Dispose();
SPSite thisSite = SPContext.Current.Site;
...
// Do NOT dispose thisSite

 SPWeb objects represent SharePoint sites
 Can contain pages, lists, and libraries
 Can contain other objects (subwebs)
 Instantiating SPWeb objects:
 As the RootWeb property of an SPSite object
 As a member of the AllWebs collection of an SPSite object
 As the return value of the OpenWeb method of an SPSite object
 By referencing the current context Web
 Different instantiation approaches require different
disposal strategies

SPSite knownSite= new SPSite("http://sharepoint");
SPWeb knownWeb = knownSite.RootWeb;
SPWeb knownSubWeb = knownSite.OpenWeb("/projects");
...
knownSubWeb.Dispose();
knownWeb.Dispose();
knownSite.Dispose();
SPWeb thisWeb = SPContext.Current.Web;
...
// Do NOT dispose thisWeb
...
foreach (SPWeb childWeb in site.RootWeb.Webs)
{
try
{
...
}
finally
{
childWeb.Dispose();
}
}

 SPList objects are the primary container for data
 Native data
 Documents
 Images and other media
 Lookups
 SPList objects can be referenced as members of
the Lists collection from an SPWeb object
 Developers can create SPList objects by adding to the Lists collection
 SPList objects expose many properties that affect
list behaviors, such as versioning settings, content
type support, and visibility

...
foreach (SPSite site in webApp.Sites)
{
try
{
foreach (SPWeb childWeb in site.RootWeb.Webs)
{
try
{
foreach (SPList list in childWeb.Lists)
{
if(!list.Hidden)
{
...
}
}
}
finally
{
childWeb.Dispose();
}
}
}
finally
{
site.Dispose();
}
}

 Starting point to get at the Lists, Items, Documents, Users, Alerts, etc. for
a web site.
 Example Properties:
 Web.Lists (returns a collection of lists)
 Web.Title (returns the title of the site)
 Web.Users (returns the users on the site)
 In a web part or ASPX page, you can use the following line to get a
SPWeb:
SPWeb myweb = SPControl.GetContextWeb(Context);

 Get a SPList or SPDocumentLibrary object.
SPList mylist = web.Lists[“Events”];
 You can then call the .Items property to get all of the items:
SPListItemCollection items = mylist.Items;
 If you only want a subset of the items, call the GetItems method and
pass a SPQuery object
SPListItemCollection items = mylist.GetItems(query);

 To get data for a field, specify the field name in the
indexer for an SPListItem
foreach(SPListItem item in items)
{
Response.Write(item["Due Date"].ToString());
Response.Write(item["Status"].ToString());
Response.WRite(item["Title"].ToString());
}

SPWeb web = SPControl.GetContextWeb(Context);
SPList tasks = web.Lists["Tasks"];
SPListItemCollection items=tasks.Items;
foreach(SPListItem item in items)
{
output.Write(item["Title"].ToString() + item["Status"].ToString() +
" ");
}

 Most objects in WSS do not immediately update
data when you change a property
 You need to first call the Update() method on the
object
 This helps performance by minimizing SQL queries underneath the covers
 Example:
SPList mylist = web.Lists[“Tasks”];
mylist.Title=“Tasks!!!”;
mylist.Description=“Description!!”;
Mylist.Update();

 SPListItem is another example of an object where you need to
call update:
 Example:
SPListItem item = items[0];
item["Status"]="Not Started";
item["Title"]="Task Title";
item.Update();

 By default, the object model will not allow data updates if the form submitting the data
does not contain the „FormDigest‟ security key.
 FormDigest is based on username and site. It will time out after 30 minutes.
 Best solution is to include <FormDigest runat=“Server”/> web folder control in ASPX
page.
 If you do not need the security the FormDigest provides, you can set to
SPWeb.AllowUnsafeUpdates to bypass this check.

 Get the appropriate SPRole object:
SPRole admins = web.Roles["Administrator"];
 Call the AddUser method:
admins.AddUser("redmondgfoltz","Greg@hotmail.com","Greg Foltz","");

 If you create and destroy objects frequently, you may do extra SQL queries and have
code that is incorrect:
 Bad Example:
web.Lists["Tasks"].Title="mytitle";
web.Lists["Tasks"].Description="mydescription";
web.Lists["Tasks"].Update();
 Good Example:
SPList mylist = web.Lists["Tasks"];
mylist.Title="mytitle";
mylist.Description="mydescription";
mylist.Update();

 SharePoint will have web services APIs for accessing content. The
web services layer will be built on top of the server OM.
 Allows manipulation of Lists, Webs, Views, List Items, etc.
 Functionality will be similar to server object model, but with fewer
interfaces optimized to minimize transactions.
 Office11 (e.g. Excel, DataSheet, Work, Outlook, FrontPage, etc) use
web services to access data from WSS.

 GetListCollection
 GetListItems
 GetWebCollection
 UpdateList
 UpdateListItems
 GetWebInfo
 GetWebPart
 GetSmartPageDocument
 And more…

 Create a Windows Application
 In Visual Studio, choose „Add Web Reference‟
 Enter http://<server>/_vti_bin/lists.asmx to access the lists web service
 Other services include:
 UserGroups.asmx – users and groups
 Webs.asmx – Web information
 Views.asmx – View information
 Subscription.asmx – Subscriptions

 To send the logged on users‟ credentials from the
client, add the following line in the web reference
object‟s constructor:
public Lists() {
this.Url = "http://mikmort3/_vti_bin/lists.asmx";
this.Credentials=System.Net.CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;
}

 We support events on document libraries.
 Operations such as add, update, delete, check-in, check-out, etc.
 Events are asynchronous
 Events call IListEventSink managed interface.
 Documentation and Sample in the SDK

 The biggest goal is to minimize the number of SQL queries.
 It may be helpful to use the SQL profiler to monitor what the OM is doing
underneath the covers
 Minimizing managed/unmanaged transitions also a goal, though this is
mostly taken care within the OM.

 Page Execution will no longer be driven by
CAML (XML schema used in SharePoint)
 CAML is still used in several places
 Field Type Definitions
 Site and List Templates
 View definitions

private void ShowSubWebs(HtmlTextWriter output)
{
SPWebCollection mywebs = web.Webs;
foreach (SPWeb myweb in mywebs)
{
output.Write(myweb.Title + " ");
}
}
private void ShowSubWebsWithLists(HtmlTextWriter output)
{
SPWebCollection mywebs = web.Webs;
foreach (SPWeb myweb in mywebs)
{
output.Write("" + myweb.Title + " " + "");
SPListCollection lists = myweb.Lists;
foreach (SPList list in lists)
{
if (list.ItemCount>10)
{
output.Write(list.Title + ": " + list.ItemCount + " ");
}
}
}
}

private SPWeb web;
private void Page_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
web = SPControl.GetContextWeb(Context);
}
private void Button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
int maxsize = Convert.ToInt32(TextBox1.Text);
SPFolder myfolder=web.GetFolder("Shared Documents");
SPFileCollection myfiles = myfolder.Files;
foreach (SPFile file in myfiles)
{
if (file.Length>(maxsize*1024))
{
Response.Write(file.Name + ": " + file.Length/1024 + "kb ");
file.CopyTo("Archive/"+file.Name,true);
}
}
}

private void Button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
string username = TextBox1.Text;
string displayname = TextBox2.Text;
string email = TextBox3.Text;
SPRole admins = web.Roles["Administrator"];
try
{
admins.AddUser(username,email,displayname,"");
Label4.Text="Successfully added user";
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
Label4.Text=ex.ToString();
}
}

Mohan Arumugam
Technologies Specialist
E-mail : moohanan@gmail.com
Phone : +91 99406 53876
Profile
Thank You

SharePoint Object Model, Web Services and Events

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (19)

Similar to SharePoint Object Model, Web Services and Events

Similar to SharePoint Object Model, Web Services and Events (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

SharePoint Object Model, Web Services and Events