Branding in SharePoint involves customizing the look and feel, layout, and user experience of a SharePoint site. This is done through themes, CSS, master pages, and page layouts. Themes apply color palettes across sites. Master pages structure the overall content placement, and page layouts map actual content to master page placeholders and can change styling. Hands-on examples demonstrate how to remove the site logo, add a custom background image, and set the width of the side bar through CSS and HTML elements in the master page.