In many domains, e.g. industrial sound design or audio-branding, designers look for sounds to communicate certain values and to convey information. As computer displays get smaller on devices such as mobile phones and personal digital assistants, sound will become even more important for providing information to users. Sound can enrich a user’s information awareness. A better understanding of the relation between the physical characteristics (acoustics) of a sound and its perceived emotional/affective qualities (aesthetics) as well as its attributed function/meaning (semiotics and semantics), will improve creation and selection of appropriate audio content. An explorative study using auditory icons, auditory symbols (earcons) and a combination of the both (auditory symcons) was carried out to shed more light on acoustic communication with non-speech sounds. The study reveals amongst others, that further investigation on the acoustical parameter ‘timbre’ is required. Thus, an ongoing study that addresses the perception of timbre is presented.
Abstract from the Sounddesign Symposium "Tonmeister Tagung" 2007 in Ludwigsburg (Germany)
» Close window
Sound follows function. Sound communication and the relevance of timbre. (Lecture - 30 min)
Rainer Hirt, Kai Bronner (audio-branding.de)
In many domains, e.g. industrial sound design or audio-branding, designers look for sounds to communicate certain values and to convey information. As computer displays get smaller
on devices such as mobile phones and personal digital assistants, sound will become even more important for providing information to users. Sound can enrich a user?s information awareness. A better understanding of the relation between the physical characteristics (acoustics) of a sound and its perceived emotional/affective qualities (aesthetics) as well as its attributed function/meaning (semiotics and semantics), will improve creation and selection of appropriate audio content. An explorative study using auditory icons, auditory symbols (earcons) and a combination of the both (auditory symcons) was carried out to shed more light on acoustic communication with non-speech sounds. The study reveals amongst others, that further investigation on the acoustical parameter "timbre" is required. Thus an ongoing study that addresses the perception of timbre is presented.
This document discusses various pitfalls and artifacts that can occur in ultrasound imaging including anisotropy, acoustic shadowing, acoustic enhancement, reverberation, mirror images, and Doppler artifacts which can impact the quality and accuracy of ultrasound images.
The document discusses fingerprint recognition, including sensing, feature extraction, and matching techniques. It provides details on fingerprint image acquisition methods such as off-line, on-line optical, solid-state, and sweeping sensors. Examples of commercial fingerprint scanners are shown and compared. The tradeoff between sensing area and accuracy is demonstrated, with smaller sensing areas providing poorer recognition performance due to insufficient fingerprint features.
The document describes a new filterless color imaging sensor that combines advantages of CMOS and CCD sensors. It is small, low cost, high resolution, and high sensitivity with low power consumption. The sensor relies on wavelength penetration into silicon to detect red, green, and blue colors at each pixel without using optical filters. This simple innovation allows for a 4 megapixel sensor the size of a current 2 megapixel phone sensor. The technology was developed at a Canadian academic institution and the researchers are seeking partnerships for further development and market deployment.
Light is electromagnetic radiation within a particular frequency range. Spectral colors are produced by light at a single frequency and appear bright and distinct, though they cannot be truly reproduced. Today's lecture focused on color and light, specifically discussing the nature of light and spectral colors produced by single frequencies of light.
Echoes, Whispers, and Footsteps from the Conflux of Sonic Interaction Design ...Eoin Brazil
This document discusses selecting and classifying sounds for interaction design and public spaces. It summarizes previous studies that explored mapping human activity to actions using sound, considering concurrent auditory presentations, and using metaphors from listener responses. The document recommends verifying sound mappings through ratings and comparisons, and visually depicting the human perceptual space. It also describes projects that sonified exhibitions and public spaces like train stations to enhance experiences.
Harm Belt & Kees Janse - Lifelike Communication -front-end audio and video te...iMinds conference
This document discusses lifelike communication technologies being developed by Philips, including a spatial sound and video communication terminal. The terminal aims to provide natural communication experiences similar to face-to-face interactions through technologies like spatial audio processing, adaptive beamforming, and 3D autostereoscopic displays that enable eye contact and directional gaze. The goal is to support important applications like remote healthcare and family connection without the constraints of current telepresence systems or video calling clients.
Three diverging arrows pointing direction circular flow process power point t...SlideTeam.net
The document shows three diverging arrows pointing in three directions. It demonstrates how to edit PowerPoint objects by ungrouping them, editing their color using the format shape dialog box or theme colors, and changing their size, color, and orientation. The purpose is to allow fully customizable and editable objects in PowerPoint presentations.
Abstract from the Sounddesign Symposium "Tonmeister Tagung" 2007 in Ludwigsburg (Germany)
» Close window
Sound follows function. Sound communication and the relevance of timbre. (Lecture - 30 min)
Rainer Hirt, Kai Bronner (audio-branding.de)
In many domains, e.g. industrial sound design or audio-branding, designers look for sounds to communicate certain values and to convey information. As computer displays get smaller
on devices such as mobile phones and personal digital assistants, sound will become even more important for providing information to users. Sound can enrich a user?s information awareness. A better understanding of the relation between the physical characteristics (acoustics) of a sound and its perceived emotional/affective qualities (aesthetics) as well as its attributed function/meaning (semiotics and semantics), will improve creation and selection of appropriate audio content. An explorative study using auditory icons, auditory symbols (earcons) and a combination of the both (auditory symcons) was carried out to shed more light on acoustic communication with non-speech sounds. The study reveals amongst others, that further investigation on the acoustical parameter "timbre" is required. Thus an ongoing study that addresses the perception of timbre is presented.
This document discusses various pitfalls and artifacts that can occur in ultrasound imaging including anisotropy, acoustic shadowing, acoustic enhancement, reverberation, mirror images, and Doppler artifacts which can impact the quality and accuracy of ultrasound images.
The document discusses fingerprint recognition, including sensing, feature extraction, and matching techniques. It provides details on fingerprint image acquisition methods such as off-line, on-line optical, solid-state, and sweeping sensors. Examples of commercial fingerprint scanners are shown and compared. The tradeoff between sensing area and accuracy is demonstrated, with smaller sensing areas providing poorer recognition performance due to insufficient fingerprint features.
The document describes a new filterless color imaging sensor that combines advantages of CMOS and CCD sensors. It is small, low cost, high resolution, and high sensitivity with low power consumption. The sensor relies on wavelength penetration into silicon to detect red, green, and blue colors at each pixel without using optical filters. This simple innovation allows for a 4 megapixel sensor the size of a current 2 megapixel phone sensor. The technology was developed at a Canadian academic institution and the researchers are seeking partnerships for further development and market deployment.
Light is electromagnetic radiation within a particular frequency range. Spectral colors are produced by light at a single frequency and appear bright and distinct, though they cannot be truly reproduced. Today's lecture focused on color and light, specifically discussing the nature of light and spectral colors produced by single frequencies of light.
Echoes, Whispers, and Footsteps from the Conflux of Sonic Interaction Design ...Eoin Brazil
This document discusses selecting and classifying sounds for interaction design and public spaces. It summarizes previous studies that explored mapping human activity to actions using sound, considering concurrent auditory presentations, and using metaphors from listener responses. The document recommends verifying sound mappings through ratings and comparisons, and visually depicting the human perceptual space. It also describes projects that sonified exhibitions and public spaces like train stations to enhance experiences.
Harm Belt & Kees Janse - Lifelike Communication -front-end audio and video te...iMinds conference
This document discusses lifelike communication technologies being developed by Philips, including a spatial sound and video communication terminal. The terminal aims to provide natural communication experiences similar to face-to-face interactions through technologies like spatial audio processing, adaptive beamforming, and 3D autostereoscopic displays that enable eye contact and directional gaze. The goal is to support important applications like remote healthcare and family connection without the constraints of current telepresence systems or video calling clients.
Three diverging arrows pointing direction circular flow process power point t...SlideTeam.net
The document shows three diverging arrows pointing in three directions. It demonstrates how to edit PowerPoint objects by ungrouping them, editing their color using the format shape dialog box or theme colors, and changing their size, color, and orientation. The purpose is to allow fully customizable and editable objects in PowerPoint presentations.
1. Sound is produced by vibration and propagates as a longitudinal mechanical wave. It needs a medium like air, water or other material to travel through.
2. As the vibrating object moves back and forth, it alternately compresses and rarifies the surrounding medium, creating regions of high and low pressure called compressions and rarefactions. This disturbance propagates through the medium.
3. The characteristics of a sound wave include its frequency, wavelength, amplitude, pitch and loudness. Frequency determines pitch, with higher frequencies being higher pitched. Amplitude determines loudness, with larger amplitudes being louder.
This document summarizes a presentation on identifying risk for falls in older adults with visual impairment and strategies for prevention. The presentation covered topics such as the scope of occupational therapy in low vision, common eye conditions and their functional impacts, vision screening tools, and intervention strategies like eccentric viewing training, visual scanning training, and environmental modifications. Referral resources for low vision services were also provided.
Timbre describes the quality or character of a musical sound and helps distinguish between different instruments. It is produced by the combination of a sound's fundamental frequency and its overtones. The fundamental is the lowest frequency, while the overtones or harmonics are integer multiples of the fundamental that give each instrument its unique tone color. Composers use timbre purposefully to portray different emotions in their music.
Sensory Aids for Persons with Visual ImpairmentsDamian T. Gordon
The document discusses various sensory aids and assistive technologies that can help people with visual impairments in different activities of daily living such as travel, self-care, reading, and recreation. It describes common types of visual impairments and summarizes different types of visual aids like magnifiers, screen readers, audio books, and refreshable braille displays that can help those with low vision or blindness access information.
Music is an art form that uses sound and silence through elements such as pitch, rhythm, dynamics, and timbre. It is defined as an art of sound over time that expresses ideas and emotions through rhythm, melody, harmony, and color. The core elements of music include form, harmony, melody, rhythm, texture, timbre, and dynamics.
This document is comprised of 15 pages that are each copyrighted by the Jnana Prabodhini Educational Resource Centre. No other substantive information is provided.
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AI Transformation Playbook: Thinking AI-First for Your BusinessArijit Dutta
I dive into how businesses can stay competitive by integrating AI into their core processes. From identifying the right approach to building collaborative teams and recognizing common pitfalls, this guide has got you covered. AI transformation is a journey, and this playbook is here to help you navigate it successfully.
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Experience high-quality entertainment with our IPTV monthly subscription for just $15. Access a vast array of live TV channels, movies, and on-demand shows with crystal-clear streaming. Our reliable service ensures smooth, uninterrupted viewing at an unbeatable price. Perfect for those seeking premium content without breaking the bank. Start streaming today!
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Presentation by Herman Kienhuis (Curiosity VC) on Investing in AI for ABS Alu...Herman Kienhuis
Presentation by Herman Kienhuis (Curiosity VC) on developments in AI, the venture capital investment landscape and Curiosity VC's approach to investing, at the alumni event of Amsterdam Business School (University of Amsterdam) on June 13, 2024 in Amsterdam.
The Steadfast and Reliable Bull: Taurus Zodiac Signmy Pandit
Explore the steadfast and reliable nature of the Taurus Zodiac Sign. Discover the personality traits, key dates, and horoscope insights that define the determined and practical Taurus, and learn how their grounded nature makes them the anchor of the zodiac.
1. Sound is produced by vibration and propagates as a longitudinal mechanical wave. It needs a medium like air, water or other material to travel through.
2. As the vibrating object moves back and forth, it alternately compresses and rarifies the surrounding medium, creating regions of high and low pressure called compressions and rarefactions. This disturbance propagates through the medium.
3. The characteristics of a sound wave include its frequency, wavelength, amplitude, pitch and loudness. Frequency determines pitch, with higher frequencies being higher pitched. Amplitude determines loudness, with larger amplitudes being louder.
This document summarizes a presentation on identifying risk for falls in older adults with visual impairment and strategies for prevention. The presentation covered topics such as the scope of occupational therapy in low vision, common eye conditions and their functional impacts, vision screening tools, and intervention strategies like eccentric viewing training, visual scanning training, and environmental modifications. Referral resources for low vision services were also provided.
Timbre describes the quality or character of a musical sound and helps distinguish between different instruments. It is produced by the combination of a sound's fundamental frequency and its overtones. The fundamental is the lowest frequency, while the overtones or harmonics are integer multiples of the fundamental that give each instrument its unique tone color. Composers use timbre purposefully to portray different emotions in their music.
Sensory Aids for Persons with Visual ImpairmentsDamian T. Gordon
The document discusses various sensory aids and assistive technologies that can help people with visual impairments in different activities of daily living such as travel, self-care, reading, and recreation. It describes common types of visual impairments and summarizes different types of visual aids like magnifiers, screen readers, audio books, and refreshable braille displays that can help those with low vision or blindness access information.
Music is an art form that uses sound and silence through elements such as pitch, rhythm, dynamics, and timbre. It is defined as an art of sound over time that expresses ideas and emotions through rhythm, melody, harmony, and color. The core elements of music include form, harmony, melody, rhythm, texture, timbre, and dynamics.
This document is comprised of 15 pages that are each copyrighted by the Jnana Prabodhini Educational Resource Centre. No other substantive information is provided.
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Call me 9040963354
WhatsApp 9040963354
AI Transformation Playbook: Thinking AI-First for Your BusinessArijit Dutta
I dive into how businesses can stay competitive by integrating AI into their core processes. From identifying the right approach to building collaborative teams and recognizing common pitfalls, this guide has got you covered. AI transformation is a journey, and this playbook is here to help you navigate it successfully.
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High-Quality IPTV Monthly Subscription for $15advik4387
Experience high-quality entertainment with our IPTV monthly subscription for just $15. Access a vast array of live TV channels, movies, and on-demand shows with crystal-clear streaming. Our reliable service ensures smooth, uninterrupted viewing at an unbeatable price. Perfect for those seeking premium content without breaking the bank. Start streaming today!
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Presentation by Herman Kienhuis (Curiosity VC) on Investing in AI for ABS Alu...Herman Kienhuis
Presentation by Herman Kienhuis (Curiosity VC) on developments in AI, the venture capital investment landscape and Curiosity VC's approach to investing, at the alumni event of Amsterdam Business School (University of Amsterdam) on June 13, 2024 in Amsterdam.
The Steadfast and Reliable Bull: Taurus Zodiac Signmy Pandit
Explore the steadfast and reliable nature of the Taurus Zodiac Sign. Discover the personality traits, key dates, and horoscope insights that define the determined and practical Taurus, and learn how their grounded nature makes them the anchor of the zodiac.
L'indice de performance des ports à conteneurs de l'année 2023SPATPortToamasina
Une évaluation comparable de la performance basée sur le temps d'escale des navires
L'objectif de l'ICPP est d'identifier les domaines d'amélioration qui peuvent en fin de compte bénéficier à toutes les parties concernées, des compagnies maritimes aux gouvernements nationaux en passant par les consommateurs. Il est conçu pour servir de point de référence aux principaux acteurs de l'économie mondiale, notamment les autorités et les opérateurs portuaires, les gouvernements nationaux, les organisations supranationales, les agences de développement, les divers intérêts maritimes et d'autres acteurs publics et privés du commerce, de la logistique et des services de la chaîne d'approvisionnement.
Le développement de l'ICPP repose sur le temps total passé par les porte-conteneurs dans les ports, de la manière expliquée dans les sections suivantes du rapport, et comme dans les itérations précédentes de l'ICPP. Cette quatrième itération utilise des données pour l'année civile complète 2023. Elle poursuit le changement introduit l'année dernière en n'incluant que les ports qui ont eu un minimum de 24 escales valides au cours de la période de 12 mois de l'étude. Le nombre de ports inclus dans l'ICPP 2023 est de 405.
Comme dans les éditions précédentes de l'ICPP, la production du classement fait appel à deux approches méthodologiques différentes : une approche administrative, ou technique, une méthodologie pragmatique reflétant les connaissances et le jugement des experts ; et une approche statistique, utilisant l'analyse factorielle (AF), ou plus précisément la factorisation matricielle. L'utilisation de ces deux approches vise à garantir que le classement des performances des ports à conteneurs reflète le plus fidèlement possible les performances réelles des ports, tout en étant statistiquement robuste.
7. Signs!
A sign is a stimulus pattern that has a meaning.
A sign stands for something else.
A. Basics B. Study C. Results
8. Semiotics: Theory of signs
Index
An „Index“ is defined by some sensory feature
(something directly visible, audible, smellable, etc)
that is connected to it.
A. Basics B. Study C. Results
9. Semiotics: Theory of signs
Icon
An icon is a pattern that physically resembles
what it „stands for“.
A. Basics B. Study C. Results
10. Semiotics: Theory of signs
Symbol
Symbols are arbitrary and unmotivated, reliant on
conventional usage to determine meaning.
A. Basics B. Study C. Results
16. Ambition & research questions
1. Appropriateness of Auditory icons/symbols and symcons for the transfer of
information-functions:
–> Advice
–> Warning
–> Emergency
2. Effects of the mixture of icon and symbol („auditory symcon“)
3. Advantages of acoustic signs for „public-user-interfaces“
A. Basics B. Study C. Results
17. Analysis of a situation
– Talks with manfactures and customers (Höft-Wessel, ICA, DB)
– Secondary literature
– Preliminary study (semantic field-analysis)
A. Basics B. Study C. Results
18. Study object
Ticket machine
A. Basics B. Study C. Results
19. Study design
Study method: Descriptive study
Survey sample size : N=22
Age average: 35 years
Women/Men: 10/12
A. Basics B. Study C. Results
20. Lab set-up
> Lectern (Terminal-simulation)
> Table-PC (Touchpad)
> Headphone
A. Basics B. Study C. Results
21. Stimuli
lic conic
nic ymbo ym
ico s s
Advice: „Ticket ready for collection“ 1 2 3
Advice: „Money ready for collection “ 1 2 3
Warning: „Timeout“ 1 2 3
Emergency: Deterrence 1 2 3
Context-Soundscape (Trainstation)
A. Basics B. Study C. Results
23. Evaluation methods
Semantic differential
Categorical scaling
A. Basics B. Study C. Results
24. Evaluation methods
Semantic differential
Categorical scaling
Response time measurement
A. Basics B. Study C. Results
25. Evaluation methods
Semantic differential
Categorical scaling
Response time measurement
Participant observation
A. Basics B. Study C. Results
26. Evaluation methods
Semantic differential
Categorical scaling
Response time measurement
Participant observation
Association analysis
A. Basics B. Study C. Results
28. Ambition & research questions
1. Appropriateness of Auditory icons/symbols and symcons for the transfer of
information-functions:
–> Advice
–> Warning
–> Emergency
2. Effects of the mixture of icon and symbol („auditory symcon“)
A. Basics B. Study C. Results
29. Ambition & research questions
Auditory Icon Auditory Symbol Auditory Symcon
Advice
Warning
Emergency
Funtion(intention) partially transferred
Funtion(intention) transferred
Funtion(intention) not transferred or false interpretation
A. Basics B. Study C. Results
30. Ambition & research questions
3. Advantages of acoustic signs for „public-user-interfaces“
A. Basics B. Study C. Results
31. Ambition & research questions
3. Advantages of acoustic signs for „public-user-interfaces“
The meaning of function of acoustic signs is comprehended intuitively.
A. Basics B. Study C. Results
32. Further investigations
The study reveals amongst others, that further investigation on the acoustical
parameter „timbre“ is required.
In the literature there is nearly no advice for selecting timbre according an
information-function.
Thus, an ongoing study that addresses the perception of timbre is topic of the
further presentation.
A. Basics B. Study C. Results
36. Timbre – what? Definition
Definition (American Standards Association 1960)
Timbre is that attribute of auditory sensation in terms of which
a listener can judge that two sounds similarly presented and having
the same loudness and pitch are dissimilar.
A B
A. Timbre: definition & properties B. Sound perception C. Study design
37. Timbre properties
Verbal descriptions
overtone constellation: bright, dark, mellow, hollow, pure
noise content: raspy, breathy, hoarse
attack: smooth, abrupt, sharp, gentle, easing
Relations
pitch - frequency
loudness - amplitude
timbre - multiple interacting acoustic factors
A. Timbre: definition & properties B. Sound perception C. Study design
38. Timbre properties
H. Fletcher (1934)
Experiments show that a simple one-to-one relationship does not exist between
the two sets { loudness, pitch, timbre } and { sound intensity, fundamental
frequency and overtone structure }
sound intensity loudness
fundamental frequency pitch
overtone structure timbre
A. Timbre: definition & properties B. Sound perception C. Study design
39. Timbre properties
More than one dimension:
multidimensionality
Erickson (1975)
Clearly timbre is a multidimensional stimulus: it cannot be correlated with
any single physical dimension.
Plomp (1982)
Sounds cannot be ordered on a single scale with respect to timbre.
Timbre is a multidimensional attribute of the perception of sounds.
A. Timbre: definition & properties B. Sound perception C. Study design
40. Multi-Dimensionality-Scaling
MDS
MDS studies reveal perceptual dimensions correlated with acoustic
parameters corresponding to spectral, temporal and spectrotemporal
properties of the sound events.
– experiments with paired sound stimuli
– rating of similarity
– axes corresponding to timbre‘s main perceptual dimensions –> timbre space
A. Timbre: definition & properties B. Sound perception C. Study design
41. Dimensions
Dimension I = brightness
Low brightness : french horn and cello
Dimension I
High brightness : oboe, muted trombone
Dimension II = spectral flux
High synchronicity and low fluctuation :
clarinet, saxophone
Low synchronicity and high fluctuation :
flute, violoncello
Dimension III = attack quality
III
Dimension II ion
More transients : strings, flute
imens
D
Fewer transients : brass, bassoon
A. Timbre: definition & properties B. Sound perception C. Study design
42. Timbre dimensions and
related parameters
Across studies, several acoustic/physical parameters corresponding
to timbre dimensions were found:
– Spectral centroid – Spectral flux
– Spectral deviation – Pitch strength
– Spectral density – Attack synchronity
– Attack time – Attack centroid
– Decay time – Noisiness
–Amplitude envelope ...
A. Timbre: definition & properties B. Sound perception C. Study design
44. Timbre and psychoacoustic
properties
Interview Dr. Gerhard Thoma, chief sounddesigner BMW:
(http://www.goethe.de/ges/wrt/dos/aut/sou/de2169434.htm , 10/2007)
(...) There are sets of regression equations that help calculating/predicting
a desired sound perception, for example a sporty sound:
a x sharpness + b x roughness + c x fluctuation strength, … = sportiness.!!
About 80 % of people will evaluate the sound in terms of sportiness.
But:„acid test“in driving situation (context) = proof of validity!(...)
A. Timbre: definition & properties B. Sound perception C. Study design
45. Psychoacoustic properties and
cognitive/affective evaluation
– simple psychoacoustic parameters only refer to fixed relations of perception and
instantaneous stimuli (Haverkamp 2007)
– psychoacoustics are only capturing parts of human sound perception, largely
excluding important affective + cognitive evaluation (Vjästfall/Kleiner 2002)
– any endeavour to evaluate (product) sounds by psychoacoustics solely will fail in
the end (Blauert/Jekosch 1997)
A. Timbre: definition & properties B. Sound perception C. Study design
46. Sound perception:
target groups/context
– individual differences of preferences of particular groups of people for
qualitatively different product sounds
– no simple „universal“ manipulation that will have the same effect on the
sound quality of products (Spence & Zampini 2006)
–> target groups (age, cultural background, milieus/lifestyle) have to be taken
into account
–> it is important to consider the kind/type of product = context
A. Timbre: definition & properties B. Sound perception C. Study design
47. Emotional evaluation and
functional content
Activation
tense alert
Model of affective circumplex
Emergency
nervous excited
(Russell, 1980)
elated
stressed Warning
upset happy
Advice
Unpleasant Pleasant
Confirmation
contented
sad
serene
depressed
relaxed
bored
Deactivation
A. Timbre: definition & properties B. Sound perception C. Study design
48. Sound perception:
evaluation of sound (timbre)
To be taken in account:
– psychoacoustic properties of sound
– learned associations
– cultural background and personal experiences (target group)
– context: mood of subjects, expectations, situation
– influence from other modalities (vision, touch,...)
A. Timbre: definition & properties B. Sound perception C. Study design
50. Functional Timbre Study
(„sound-colour the Gestalt“)
VARIABLES (TIGA)
Independent:
Timbre T
Gestalt G [pitch contour, rhythm, tone duration]
Dependent:
Information-function I [function, e.g. emergency, warning, advice/confirmation]
Attribution A [emotional/affective evaluation: warm, harsh, sharp,...]
A. Timbre: definition & properties B. Sound perception C. Study design
51. Sound-colour the Gestalt
Approach:
sound-colour T the Gestalt G and examine evaluations of subjects
regarding information-function I and attribution A
A. Timbre: definition & properties B. Sound perception C. Study design
52. Example of stimuli
Same Gestalt, different timbre
A B
A. Timbre: definition & properties B. Sound perception C. Study design
53. Study Design
Step 1: free association task
3 Gestalt x 8 Timbre = 24 sound-stimuli are evaluated by subjects
–> pool of attributes
Step 2: rating of stimuli
Rating of 24 stimuli on Likert scales of attributes obtained from
step 1 + assessment of given information function
Step 3: analysis of results
Principal-Component-Analysis, Generalized-Linear-Models.
Examination of correlations between acoustic properties, rated attributes,
information function.
–> Findings and results serve as a basis for further investigations!
A. Timbre: definition & properties B. Sound perception C. Study design
54. Study Design Timbre selection
Timbre differing in parameter values („timbre dimensions“)
bright dull/dim
spectral content:
static dynamic static dynamic
temporal content:
hard soft hard soft hard soft hard soft
attack/cutoff:
A. Timbre: definition & properties B. Sound perception C. Study design
55. Study Design Gestalt creation
Typical forms of sound-gestalt (learned associations)
descending major third of a doorbell („ding dong“) (association: welcome)
wailing siren, in germany a fourth: a-d a-d (police or ambulance)
(association: emergency - alert)
Scherer/Osinsky 1977
Tonality: major mode: indicative of pleasantness and happiness
minor mode: disgust and anger
Rhythm: rhythmic: more active, fearful, surprised
nonrhythmic: boredom
Activity = Fast tempo, high pitch level, many harmonics, large pitch variation,
sharp envelope, small amplitude variation
A. Timbre: definition & properties B. Sound perception C. Study design
56. Fields of expertise/collaboration
Relevant fields of expertise:
music psychology, sound-/acoustic-communication, sounddesign,
sound-/music-computing, statistical methods
–> interdisciplinary team
We are not the only ones:
Product Sound Design Group TU Delft
Music Technology Group Barcelona
Music, Mind and Machine Group (MIT Media Lab , USA)
Music Information Retrieval Community
–> exchange of findings, knowledge + possible collaborations
A. Timbre: definition & properties B. Sound perception C. Study design
57. What is the use??
Product Sounddesign
Audio-Branding
AUI (Auditory User Interfaces)
Music Information Retrieval MIR (music catalogues, sound-databases)
Mpeg7-Classification
Electronic Music Distribution
„Perceptual Software-Synthesizers“
...
A. Timbre: definition & properties B. Sound perception C. Study design