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1
2
Bluetooth för restidsmätning
• Bluetooth-enheter som passerar detekteras
• Möjligt att ändra antennens täckningsområde
• Unik MAC-adress
• Individens integritet väl skyddad
• Matchning ger restider




• En enhet kostar runt 30 000



                                                3
Bluetooth för restidsmätning
• Används redan i ett flertal städer
• Penetrationsgraden varierar
 • USA 2 - 10 %
 • Danmark 20 %
• Täcker motorväg med fyra körfält
• Huvudsaklig datakälla i bl a
  Houston, Chicago och Århus




                                       4
Fältförsök Alviksplan- Brommaplan




                                    5
Penetrationsgrad



                               16-17            13-14

    ANPR                 344       44 %   306      45 %

    Bluetooth            128       16 %   94       14 %

    Valideringskameror   790      100 %   675      100 %




                                                           6
Alviksplan-Brommaplan 23 april kl 16-17

              900

              800

              700

              600
 Restid (s)




              500

              400

              300

              200

              100

               0
                16:00   16:10   16:20             16:30                     16:40   16:50   17:00
                                                          Tid

                                        Valideringsdata         Bluetooth



                                                                                                    7
Alviksplan-Brommaplan 23 april kl 16-17

              900

              800

              700

              600
 Restid (s)




              500

              400

              300

              200

              100

               0
                16:00   16:10   16:20               16:30             16:40   16:50   17:00
                                                         Tid

                                        ANPR   Valideringsdata   Bluetooth



                                                                                              8
Alviksplan-Brommaplan 23 april kl 13-14

              900

              800

              700

              600
 Restid (s)




              500

              400

              300

              200

              100

               0
                13:00   13:10   13:20                 13:30           13:40   13:50   14:00
                                                         Tid

                                    Valideringsdata     ANPR   Bluetooth



                                                                                              9
Alviksplan-Brommaplan 23 april kl 16-17

              1000

              900

              800

              700

              600
 Restid (s)




              500

              400

              300

              200

              100

                 0
                     16:05   16:10   16:15   16:20     16:25       16:30          16:35     16:40     16:45   16:50   16:55   17:00
                                                                           Tid

                                                 Valideringsdata           ANPR           Bluetooth



                                                                                                                                      10
Alviksplan-Brommaplan 23 april kl 13-14

              500

              450

              400

              350

              300
 Restid (s)




              250

              200

              150

              100

              50

               0
                    13:05   13:10   13:15   13:20        13:25        13:30         13:35     13:40     13:45   13:50   13:55   14:00
                                                                              Tid

                                                    Valideringsdata           ANPR          Bluetooth



                                                                                                                                        11
Indikatorer

                     RMSE (s)   MPE (%)

           13-14

         Bluetooth     19,5      -5,6

          ANPR         17,7       6,0

           16-17

         Bluetooth     37,7      -5,6

          ANPR         25,0      -0,7




                                          12
Alviksplan-Brommaplan 18-25 april

              1000

              900

              800

              700

              600
 Restid (s)




              500

              400

              300

              200

              100

                 0
                 18-apr   19-apr   20-apr   21-apr     22-apr      23-apr   24-apr   25-apr
                                                       Datum

                                                ANPR   Bluetooth


                                                                                              13
Brommaplan-Alviksplan 18-25 april

              1000

              900

              800

              700

              600
 Restid (s)




              500

              400

              300

              200

              100

                 0
                 18-apr   19-apr   20-apr   21-apr     22-apr      23-apr   24-apr   25-apr
                                                       Datum

                                                ANPR   Bluetooth


                                                                                              14
Slutsatser
Fördelar
• Kostnadseffektiv insamling
• Enkelt att installera
• Funkar i alla väder
• Täcker flera körfält
Nackdelar
• Fångar bara upp en delmängd av bilisterna
• Svårt att filtrera bort cyklister, fotgängare, bussresnärer
Slutsatser
Fortsatta studier
• Motorvägsmiljö, snabbare fordon
• Urban miljö, cyklar, bussar m.m.
• Viss typ av bilister som har Bluetooth?
• Längre fälttest
Kort sammanfattning

• Ca 15 % penetrationsgrad
• God överensstämmelse med ANPR och valideringsdata
• Filtrering nödvändig vid aggregering
• Kostnadseffektiv metod för att samla in restider
18

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Session 48_1 Andreas Allström

  • 1. 1
  • 2. 2
  • 3. Bluetooth för restidsmätning • Bluetooth-enheter som passerar detekteras • Möjligt att ändra antennens täckningsområde • Unik MAC-adress • Individens integritet väl skyddad • Matchning ger restider • En enhet kostar runt 30 000 3
  • 4. Bluetooth för restidsmätning • Används redan i ett flertal städer • Penetrationsgraden varierar • USA 2 - 10 % • Danmark 20 % • Täcker motorväg med fyra körfält • Huvudsaklig datakälla i bl a Houston, Chicago och Århus 4
  • 6. Penetrationsgrad 16-17 13-14 ANPR 344 44 % 306 45 % Bluetooth 128 16 % 94 14 % Valideringskameror 790 100 % 675 100 % 6
  • 7. Alviksplan-Brommaplan 23 april kl 16-17 900 800 700 600 Restid (s) 500 400 300 200 100 0 16:00 16:10 16:20 16:30 16:40 16:50 17:00 Tid Valideringsdata Bluetooth 7
  • 8. Alviksplan-Brommaplan 23 april kl 16-17 900 800 700 600 Restid (s) 500 400 300 200 100 0 16:00 16:10 16:20 16:30 16:40 16:50 17:00 Tid ANPR Valideringsdata Bluetooth 8
  • 9. Alviksplan-Brommaplan 23 april kl 13-14 900 800 700 600 Restid (s) 500 400 300 200 100 0 13:00 13:10 13:20 13:30 13:40 13:50 14:00 Tid Valideringsdata ANPR Bluetooth 9
  • 10. Alviksplan-Brommaplan 23 april kl 16-17 1000 900 800 700 600 Restid (s) 500 400 300 200 100 0 16:05 16:10 16:15 16:20 16:25 16:30 16:35 16:40 16:45 16:50 16:55 17:00 Tid Valideringsdata ANPR Bluetooth 10
  • 11. Alviksplan-Brommaplan 23 april kl 13-14 500 450 400 350 300 Restid (s) 250 200 150 100 50 0 13:05 13:10 13:15 13:20 13:25 13:30 13:35 13:40 13:45 13:50 13:55 14:00 Tid Valideringsdata ANPR Bluetooth 11
  • 12. Indikatorer RMSE (s) MPE (%) 13-14 Bluetooth 19,5 -5,6 ANPR 17,7 6,0 16-17 Bluetooth 37,7 -5,6 ANPR 25,0 -0,7 12
  • 13. Alviksplan-Brommaplan 18-25 april 1000 900 800 700 600 Restid (s) 500 400 300 200 100 0 18-apr 19-apr 20-apr 21-apr 22-apr 23-apr 24-apr 25-apr Datum ANPR Bluetooth 13
  • 14. Brommaplan-Alviksplan 18-25 april 1000 900 800 700 600 Restid (s) 500 400 300 200 100 0 18-apr 19-apr 20-apr 21-apr 22-apr 23-apr 24-apr 25-apr Datum ANPR Bluetooth 14
  • 15. Slutsatser Fördelar • Kostnadseffektiv insamling • Enkelt att installera • Funkar i alla väder • Täcker flera körfält Nackdelar • Fångar bara upp en delmängd av bilisterna • Svårt att filtrera bort cyklister, fotgängare, bussresnärer
  • 16. Slutsatser Fortsatta studier • Motorvägsmiljö, snabbare fordon • Urban miljö, cyklar, bussar m.m. • Viss typ av bilister som har Bluetooth? • Längre fälttest
  • 17. Kort sammanfattning • Ca 15 % penetrationsgrad • God överensstämmelse med ANPR och valideringsdata • Filtrering nödvändig vid aggregering • Kostnadseffektiv metod för att samla in restider
  • 18. 18