2012-01-11 Session 34: Fran-Scan hi-cube intermodal corridor Britain – France – Scandinavia
Higher loading gauges on the railway can be introduced comparatively easily and give better coordination between transportation modes and higher capacity for many loads, including consumer and forest products.
For many commodities, volume (rather than mass) limits how much can be loaded into today’s vehicles and load units. On the highways in Europe a vehicle height of 4.5 m or taller is permitted in five nations – Norway, Sweden, France, the United Kingdom and Ireland – which contributes to high capacity and efficiency in transportation. The nations in between, however, only permit up to 4.0 m height on the highways, which prevents through traffic with tall vehicles between France and Scandinavia. On the railways the maximum vehicle height in much of Europe is presently 4.65 m, but there is sufficient margin to normal overhead line height to permit 4.9 m or even taller vehicle height between Scandinavia and England via France. A new intermodal gauge, P/C 450 (2.60 m4.83 m), enables:
- 4.5 m high semitrailers on flat wagons with a ramp (ro-ro)
- 4.0 m high semitrailers on flat wagons with a ramp
- 1.15 m high lumber packages stacked three high (+50 %) instead of two.
With ro-ro loading instead of lifting the majority of the existing semitrailer and swap bodies, even without reinforcements, can be handled in intermodal transportation.
The new intermodal gauge P/C 450 was introduced in 2011 on the Øresund bridge and already fits in the Eurotunnel between France and England and on some lines in Sweden. Introduction of this gauge is proposed for an integral corridor between Norway, Sweden, northern France and England. Due to its narrow width this new intermodal gauge avoids many obstacles, and can thus be introduced comparatively easily. Surveying a pilot route from a major sawmill to its shipping port revealed zero stopping obstacles. With minor additional enlargement of the loading gauge through Belgium and northern France, a route would be opened to London for the most common European loading gauge, G2.
Intermodal coordination, intermodal development and wagonload development are described.
I created this grant proposal as the final project for my Proposal & Grant Writing class. It is written for a real RFP (request for proposal) but is written on behalf of a fictitious church seeking funding for installing an elevator to improve accessibility for its aging members. I designed the church logo and stationery, incorporating the stock dove image. The photographs I acquired from public domain sources. The extensive research for this project is documented in the annotated bibliography.
This document outlines a framework for project planning that includes assessing the organizational background, need in the community being served, program outcomes and evaluation indicators, reasons for current conditions, the proposed approach and outputs, and budget.
This document analyzes opportunities for operating longer freight trains in Scandinavia by identifying performance capabilities and infrastructure limitations. It finds that utilizing each locomotive fully with bigger trains can minimize freight transport costs. Analysis of commodity flows shows potential for longer trains in transporting intermodal freight, ores, metal products, paper and logs. Braking and propulsion capabilities of modern locomotives allow higher train weights, but infrastructure such as gradients, curves and sidings may limit maximum train lengths for certain routes. Overall longer trains could increase rail capacity and efficiency if infrastructure is adapted.
El documento describe diferentes mecanismos de transformación del movimiento, incluyendo la manivela, cigüeñal y biela, excéntricas y levas, piñón cremallera y tornillo-tuerca. Explica brevemente cómo cada mecanismo convierte un movimiento, como circular, a otro tipo de movimiento, como lineal o de vaivén.
Este documento resume 8 mecanismos diferentes: tornillo-tuerca, piñón-cremallera, biela-manivela, cigüeñal, biela-cigüeñal, trinquete, frenos de disco y de cinta, y embragues de fricción y de dientes. Explica brevemente cómo cada mecanismo transforma un movimiento giratorio en lineal o viceversa.
Las máquinas simples transforman un movimiento o fuerza en otro diferente mediante la conservación de la energía. Algunas máquinas simples incluyen la palanca, el plano inclinado y la polea, las cuales pueden convertir una fuerza pequeña en una grande o cambiar la dirección de la fuerza. Las máquinas simples se han utilizado desde la antigüedad como componentes básicos para crear máquinas más complejas.
I created this grant proposal as the final project for my Proposal & Grant Writing class. It is written for a real RFP (request for proposal) but is written on behalf of a fictitious church seeking funding for installing an elevator to improve accessibility for its aging members. I designed the church logo and stationery, incorporating the stock dove image. The photographs I acquired from public domain sources. The extensive research for this project is documented in the annotated bibliography.
This document outlines a framework for project planning that includes assessing the organizational background, need in the community being served, program outcomes and evaluation indicators, reasons for current conditions, the proposed approach and outputs, and budget.
This document analyzes opportunities for operating longer freight trains in Scandinavia by identifying performance capabilities and infrastructure limitations. It finds that utilizing each locomotive fully with bigger trains can minimize freight transport costs. Analysis of commodity flows shows potential for longer trains in transporting intermodal freight, ores, metal products, paper and logs. Braking and propulsion capabilities of modern locomotives allow higher train weights, but infrastructure such as gradients, curves and sidings may limit maximum train lengths for certain routes. Overall longer trains could increase rail capacity and efficiency if infrastructure is adapted.
El documento describe diferentes mecanismos de transformación del movimiento, incluyendo la manivela, cigüeñal y biela, excéntricas y levas, piñón cremallera y tornillo-tuerca. Explica brevemente cómo cada mecanismo convierte un movimiento, como circular, a otro tipo de movimiento, como lineal o de vaivén.
Este documento resume 8 mecanismos diferentes: tornillo-tuerca, piñón-cremallera, biela-manivela, cigüeñal, biela-cigüeñal, trinquete, frenos de disco y de cinta, y embragues de fricción y de dientes. Explica brevemente cómo cada mecanismo transforma un movimiento giratorio en lineal o viceversa.
Las máquinas simples transforman un movimiento o fuerza en otro diferente mediante la conservación de la energía. Algunas máquinas simples incluyen la palanca, el plano inclinado y la polea, las cuales pueden convertir una fuerza pequeña en una grande o cambiar la dirección de la fuerza. Las máquinas simples se han utilizado desde la antigüedad como componentes básicos para crear máquinas más complejas.
Este documento describe diferentes tipos de mecanismos de transmisión de movimiento, incluyendo tornillo-tuerca, cremallera-piñón, biela-manivela, cigüeñal, cigüeñal-biela, trinquete, frenos de disco, frenos de cinta, frenos de tambor, embrague de emisión, embrague de fricción, embrague de dientes y junta Oldham. Explica brevemente cómo cada mecanismo convierte entre movimiento circular y lineal o sincroniza el movimiento de varias piezas.
El documento describe diferentes herramientas y objetos técnicos, incluyendo un mortero (morcajete), un hacha, un machete, pinzas, una carretilla, un gato mecánico e hidráulico, y una tortilladora manual. Proporciona detalles sobre los usos y características de cada uno.
El documento describe diferentes mecanismos de transmisión de movimiento, incluyendo ruedas de fricción, ruedas dentadas, tornillo sin fin, piñón cremallera, excéntrica, leva, tornillo-tuerca y biela. Cada mecanismo transmite movimiento de diferentes formas, ya sea de giro a giro, giro a lineal, o lineal a giro.
El documento describe diferentes mecanismos para modificar el movimiento, incluyendo tornillo-tuerca para convertir movimiento giratorio a lineal, piñón-cremallera para lo mismo, cigüeñal y biela-cigüeña para convertir circular a rectilíneo, y embragues y juntas como Oldham y Cardan para unir ejes en ángulo. También menciona frenos de disco, cinta y tambor, así como trinquetes.
El documento describe varias herramientas comunes utilizadas en talleres mecánicos y de carpintería, incluyendo tornillos de banco, martillos, cutters, sierras, compases, destornilladores y gatos mecánicos. Cada herramienta se utiliza para un propósito específico como clavar, cortar, atornillar o levantar objetos.
Una máquina simple transforma un movimiento o fuerza en otro diferente conservando la energía. Algunas máquinas simples son la palanca, el plano inclinado, la polea y la tuerca husillo, las cuales transforman la magnitud, dirección o longitud del movimiento aplicando el principio de conservación de la energía.
Este documento presenta resúmenes breves de varios mecanismos, incluyendo el tornillo-tuerca, el piñón-cremallera, la biela-manivela, el cigüeñal, el trinquete, los frenos de disco, tambor y cinta, el embrague de fricción y dientes, y las juntas de Oldham y Cardán. Cada mecanismo se describe concisamente en una o dos oraciones, destacando su función principal de transformar entre movimientos rotativos y lineales o controlar el giro de engranajes y
Este documento describe varios mecanismos de transmisión de movimiento, incluyendo tornillos, piñones, bielas, cigüeñales, trinquetes y embragues. Explica cómo cada mecanismo transforma el movimiento giratorio en lineal o viceversa a través de engranajes dentados, barras roscadas, ejes acodados u otras piezas que se mueven juntas. También describe diferentes tipos de frenos como los de disco, tambor y cinta que detienen la rotación usando la fricción.
Este documento describe diferentes mecanismos y máquinas de transmisión. Explica mecanismos de transmisión como engranajes, correas, cadenas y tornillos sin fin que transmiten movimiento entre componentes de una máquina. También describe mecanismos de transformación como piñones y cremalleras, husillos y tuercas, bielas-manivelas y excéntricas que cambian el tipo de movimiento. Por último, explica cómo trenes de engranajes y poleas unen mecanismos simples para transmitir y transformar movimiento.
Mecanismos para modificar el movimientoDaniela Rojas
Este documento presenta varios mecanismos para modificar el movimiento, incluyendo tornillos tuerca, piñón-cremallera, biela-manivela, cigüeñal, biela-cigüeñal, trinquete, frenos de disco, cinta y tambor, embrague de fricción y dientes, y juntas Oldham-cardan. Explica brevemente cómo cada mecanismo convierte entre movimiento circular y lineal o controla la transmisión de movimiento entre ejes.
Este documento describe los tornillos y tuercas, incluyendo sus orígenes históricos, tipos, características y usos. Los tornillos son elementos cilíndricos con cabeza y caña roscada que se usan para unir piezas mediante torsión. Las tuercas son piezas roscadas internamente que se acoplan a los tornillos para formar uniones fijas o deslizantes. Juntos, los tornillos y tuercas permiten uniones desmontables y mecanismos de desplazamiento.
Este documento describe las principales máquinas simples: la cuña, la palanca, el plano inclinado, la polea y la tuerca husillo. Define una máquina simple como un artefacto mecánico que transforma un movimiento en otro diferente utilizando la fuerza aplicada. Luego explica brevemente cada máquina simple y su función.
Este documento describe los elementos y características de un sistema de polea y correa, incluyendo poleas motrices y conducidas, correas planas y trapezoides, y su uso para reducir o multiplicar velocidad. Las ventajas son la transmisión de movimiento circular silenciosa con diseño sencillo, mientras que las desventajas son ocupar mucho espacio, poder patinar a alta velocidad y tener potencia limitada. Los sistemas de polea y correa se utilizan comúnmente en lavadoras, automóviles y algunas máqu
Las máquinas simples como las palancas, planos inclinados, poleas y tornillos permiten realizar el mismo trabajo con menos esfuerzo al aprovechar principios mecánicos como dividir y cambiar la dirección de las fuerzas. Estas herramientas fueron inventadas en la antigüedad y siguen siendo útiles hoy para diversas tareas.
El documento es un catálogo de maquinaria y equipamiento para talleres que incluye información sobre artículos como ropa y equipamiento de protección personal, mobiliario de taller como taquillas y mesas de trabajo, herramientas manuales, carros y cajas para herramientas, y equipos mecánicos como grúas, prensas y elevadores. Se proporcionan detalles técnicos de cada artículo como medidas, pesos y especificaciones.
Los tornillos son elementos mecánicos cilíndricos con cabeza y caña roscada que se usan para unir piezas. Existen diferentes tipos de tornillos que se distinguen por su tamaño, material, tipo de cabeza y rosca, y uso previsto. Igualmente, existen tuercas roscadas internamente que se acoplan a los tornillos para formar uniones fijas o deslizantes.
Los aires acondicionados de ventana son una opción económica para enfriar ambientes cerrados. Funcionan mediante una bomba de vacío que extrae el aire caliente de la habitación para refrigerarlo y luego enviarlo de regreso. Son más fáciles de instalar que los sistemas de pared porque simplemente se colocan en una ventana sin necesidad de romper paredes.
movement transformation mechanisms in spanishRobertMato
El documento describe seis mecanismos de transformación del movimiento: tornillo-tuerca, piñón-cremallera, manivela-torno, leva, biela-manivela y cigüeñal. Cada mecanismo consiste en uno o más elementos motrices y elementos conducidos que transforman un movimiento, como circular a rectilíneo o viceversa, y se usan comúnmente en máquinas e ingeniería.
El documento describe diferentes tipos de mecanismos y máquinas, incluyendo palancas, poleas, engranajes, tornillos, planos inclinados y máquinas térmicas. Explica cómo funcionan y las relaciones matemáticas que rigen su movimiento. También describe los diferentes tipos de motores, incluyendo motores de combustión interna y externa, así como motores de aviones como el turborreactor, turbohélice y estatorreactor.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Este documento describe diferentes tipos de mecanismos de transmisión de movimiento, incluyendo tornillo-tuerca, cremallera-piñón, biela-manivela, cigüeñal, cigüeñal-biela, trinquete, frenos de disco, frenos de cinta, frenos de tambor, embrague de emisión, embrague de fricción, embrague de dientes y junta Oldham. Explica brevemente cómo cada mecanismo convierte entre movimiento circular y lineal o sincroniza el movimiento de varias piezas.
El documento describe diferentes herramientas y objetos técnicos, incluyendo un mortero (morcajete), un hacha, un machete, pinzas, una carretilla, un gato mecánico e hidráulico, y una tortilladora manual. Proporciona detalles sobre los usos y características de cada uno.
El documento describe diferentes mecanismos de transmisión de movimiento, incluyendo ruedas de fricción, ruedas dentadas, tornillo sin fin, piñón cremallera, excéntrica, leva, tornillo-tuerca y biela. Cada mecanismo transmite movimiento de diferentes formas, ya sea de giro a giro, giro a lineal, o lineal a giro.
El documento describe diferentes mecanismos para modificar el movimiento, incluyendo tornillo-tuerca para convertir movimiento giratorio a lineal, piñón-cremallera para lo mismo, cigüeñal y biela-cigüeña para convertir circular a rectilíneo, y embragues y juntas como Oldham y Cardan para unir ejes en ángulo. También menciona frenos de disco, cinta y tambor, así como trinquetes.
El documento describe varias herramientas comunes utilizadas en talleres mecánicos y de carpintería, incluyendo tornillos de banco, martillos, cutters, sierras, compases, destornilladores y gatos mecánicos. Cada herramienta se utiliza para un propósito específico como clavar, cortar, atornillar o levantar objetos.
Una máquina simple transforma un movimiento o fuerza en otro diferente conservando la energía. Algunas máquinas simples son la palanca, el plano inclinado, la polea y la tuerca husillo, las cuales transforman la magnitud, dirección o longitud del movimiento aplicando el principio de conservación de la energía.
Este documento presenta resúmenes breves de varios mecanismos, incluyendo el tornillo-tuerca, el piñón-cremallera, la biela-manivela, el cigüeñal, el trinquete, los frenos de disco, tambor y cinta, el embrague de fricción y dientes, y las juntas de Oldham y Cardán. Cada mecanismo se describe concisamente en una o dos oraciones, destacando su función principal de transformar entre movimientos rotativos y lineales o controlar el giro de engranajes y
Este documento describe varios mecanismos de transmisión de movimiento, incluyendo tornillos, piñones, bielas, cigüeñales, trinquetes y embragues. Explica cómo cada mecanismo transforma el movimiento giratorio en lineal o viceversa a través de engranajes dentados, barras roscadas, ejes acodados u otras piezas que se mueven juntas. También describe diferentes tipos de frenos como los de disco, tambor y cinta que detienen la rotación usando la fricción.
Este documento describe diferentes mecanismos y máquinas de transmisión. Explica mecanismos de transmisión como engranajes, correas, cadenas y tornillos sin fin que transmiten movimiento entre componentes de una máquina. También describe mecanismos de transformación como piñones y cremalleras, husillos y tuercas, bielas-manivelas y excéntricas que cambian el tipo de movimiento. Por último, explica cómo trenes de engranajes y poleas unen mecanismos simples para transmitir y transformar movimiento.
Mecanismos para modificar el movimientoDaniela Rojas
Este documento presenta varios mecanismos para modificar el movimiento, incluyendo tornillos tuerca, piñón-cremallera, biela-manivela, cigüeñal, biela-cigüeñal, trinquete, frenos de disco, cinta y tambor, embrague de fricción y dientes, y juntas Oldham-cardan. Explica brevemente cómo cada mecanismo convierte entre movimiento circular y lineal o controla la transmisión de movimiento entre ejes.
Este documento describe los tornillos y tuercas, incluyendo sus orígenes históricos, tipos, características y usos. Los tornillos son elementos cilíndricos con cabeza y caña roscada que se usan para unir piezas mediante torsión. Las tuercas son piezas roscadas internamente que se acoplan a los tornillos para formar uniones fijas o deslizantes. Juntos, los tornillos y tuercas permiten uniones desmontables y mecanismos de desplazamiento.
Este documento describe las principales máquinas simples: la cuña, la palanca, el plano inclinado, la polea y la tuerca husillo. Define una máquina simple como un artefacto mecánico que transforma un movimiento en otro diferente utilizando la fuerza aplicada. Luego explica brevemente cada máquina simple y su función.
Este documento describe los elementos y características de un sistema de polea y correa, incluyendo poleas motrices y conducidas, correas planas y trapezoides, y su uso para reducir o multiplicar velocidad. Las ventajas son la transmisión de movimiento circular silenciosa con diseño sencillo, mientras que las desventajas son ocupar mucho espacio, poder patinar a alta velocidad y tener potencia limitada. Los sistemas de polea y correa se utilizan comúnmente en lavadoras, automóviles y algunas máqu
Las máquinas simples como las palancas, planos inclinados, poleas y tornillos permiten realizar el mismo trabajo con menos esfuerzo al aprovechar principios mecánicos como dividir y cambiar la dirección de las fuerzas. Estas herramientas fueron inventadas en la antigüedad y siguen siendo útiles hoy para diversas tareas.
El documento es un catálogo de maquinaria y equipamiento para talleres que incluye información sobre artículos como ropa y equipamiento de protección personal, mobiliario de taller como taquillas y mesas de trabajo, herramientas manuales, carros y cajas para herramientas, y equipos mecánicos como grúas, prensas y elevadores. Se proporcionan detalles técnicos de cada artículo como medidas, pesos y especificaciones.
Los tornillos son elementos mecánicos cilíndricos con cabeza y caña roscada que se usan para unir piezas. Existen diferentes tipos de tornillos que se distinguen por su tamaño, material, tipo de cabeza y rosca, y uso previsto. Igualmente, existen tuercas roscadas internamente que se acoplan a los tornillos para formar uniones fijas o deslizantes.
Los aires acondicionados de ventana son una opción económica para enfriar ambientes cerrados. Funcionan mediante una bomba de vacío que extrae el aire caliente de la habitación para refrigerarlo y luego enviarlo de regreso. Son más fáciles de instalar que los sistemas de pared porque simplemente se colocan en una ventana sin necesidad de romper paredes.
movement transformation mechanisms in spanishRobertMato
El documento describe seis mecanismos de transformación del movimiento: tornillo-tuerca, piñón-cremallera, manivela-torno, leva, biela-manivela y cigüeñal. Cada mecanismo consiste en uno o más elementos motrices y elementos conducidos que transforman un movimiento, como circular a rectilíneo o viceversa, y se usan comúnmente en máquinas e ingeniería.
El documento describe diferentes tipos de mecanismos y máquinas, incluyendo palancas, poleas, engranajes, tornillos, planos inclinados y máquinas térmicas. Explica cómo funcionan y las relaciones matemáticas que rigen su movimiento. También describe los diferentes tipos de motores, incluyendo motores de combustión interna y externa, así como motores de aviones como el turborreactor, turbohélice y estatorreactor.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
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Session 34 Hans Boysen
1. Railway Group
Fran-Scan
Hi-Cube Intermodal Corridor
Britain – France – Scandinavia
Hans E. Boysen
Department of Transport Science
Royal Institute of Technology
2012-01-11
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
2. Purpose
Railway Group
• To identify opportunities, challenges and logistic
effects of operating higher railway loading
gauges in Europe
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
3. Presentation Outline
Railway Group
PART 1: INTERMODAL COORDINATION
PART 2: WAGONLOAD COORDINATION
PART 3: WAGONLOAD DEVELOPMENT
PART 4: SUMMARY
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
4. Intermodal Transportation Growth
Railway Group
Swedish cross-border rail freight tonnage excluding iron ore (1000 tons)
Data: TA
Cross-border intermodal transportation is growing rapidly.
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
5. Standard and Hi-Cube Intermodal Loads
Railway Group Victoria Skeidsvoll
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
6. Highway Vehicle Height Limits
Railway Group
Vision: P/C 450
4.2 m
rail corridor
>4.5 m
4.65 m
>4.95 m
4.0 m
>4.5 m
4.1 m
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
7. Narvik
Rail Freight Corridors
Railway Group Fran-Scan corridor
Luleå
Existing P/C 450 lines Piteå Oulu
Planned P/C 450 lines Skellefteå
Rail ferry link
Umeå
Trondheim
Östersund
Örnsköldsvik
Ånge Sundsvall
Tampere Kouvola
Turku
Fran-Scan Bergen Falun
Borlänge Gävle
Oslo S:t Petersburg
Uppsala Helsinki
Drammen Västerås
Örebro Tallinn
Hi-Cube Stavanger
Trollhättan
Hallsberg
Skövde
Katrineholm
Norrköping
Linköping
Stockholm
Kristiansand Jönköping
Göte-
Intermodal borg
Ålborg
Halmstad
Varberg
Nässjö
Riga
Helsing - Älmhult
Corridor Århus
Esbjerg Taulov
Køben-
havn
borg
Lund
Malmö
Fran-Scan Odense Trelleborg
(P/C 450) Hamburg
Lübeck
Rostock
Sassnitz
Bremen
Osnabrück
Berlin
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
Metz
8. Intermodal Gauge P/C 450
Railway Group
Overhead contact wire
Container/
Trailer width
swap body width
260 cm
260 cm
Container/
Trailer height Trailer Container/
P = pocket swap body
450 cm P 450 swap body height
C = container C 450 365.5 cm
Total height
483 cm ATOR
Wagon
Wagon floor height
Wagon 117.5 cm ATOR (UIC 571-4)
ATOR = above top of rail
Wagon pocket height 33 cm ATOR (UIC 571-4)
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
9. Sample Intermodal Pocket Wagons
Railway Group
Green Cargo Ruud
270 mm pocket height, Sdggmrs 270 mm pocket height, Sdggmrss
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
10. Sample Intermodal Flat Wagons
Railway Group
Gareth Bayer Anders Jansson
820 mm floor height, Sffggmrrss (FKA) 1155 mm frame height, Sgnss
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
11. Intermodal Load Heights in P/C 450
Railway Group
Wagon floor height Wagon type, examples Max. container/swap body height
ATOR within P/C 450
1.175 m UIC 571-4 3.655 m
1.170 m Sdgms 3.660 m
1.155 m Sdggmrss, Sdgmns, Sgnss 3.675 m
1.150 m Sdggmrss-t 3.680 m
0.825 m Sffggmrrss 4.005 m
0.820 m Sffggmrrss (FKA) 4.010 m
Wagon pocket height Wagon type, examples Max. trailer height
ATOR within P/C 450
0.330 m UIC 571-4 4.500 m
0.310 m Sdgms 4.520 m
0.270 m Sdggmrs, Sdggmrss, Sdgmns 4.560 m
ATOR = above top of rail
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
12. Volume Capacity Increase
Railway Group
Relative volume capacity (%) Relative volume capacity (%)
vs. trailer height (m) vs. container/swap body height (m)
120 120
115 115
110 110
105 105
Relative volume capacity (%) Relative volume capacity (%) vs.
100 vs. trailer height (m) 100 container/swap body height (m)
95 For mega trailers with 95
floor height 1.0 m
90 90
4 4,5 3,15 3,65
+17 % larger unit volume capacity with
intermodal gauge P/C 450 than with P/C 400.
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
13. Railway Intermodal Gauges
Interunit 2011
Railway Group
(modified)
Fran-Scan
P450
P432
P422
P410
P400
P380
P359
No code
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
14. Approximate Distances
Railway Group
Folkestone – Malmö ≈ 1300 km
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
15. Present Corridor Loading Gauges
Railway Group
Overhead line
Eurotunnel
Øresund Top of rail
GC
P/C 450
Betuwe
GC
P/C 432
Development: Denmark planning for a taller loading gauge.
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
16. Loading Gauges
Railway Group
Corridor Loading gauge,
segment height
Norway M, 4.595 m
Sweden C, 4.83 m
A, 4.65 m
Øresund bridge P/C 450, 4.83 m
Denmark G2, 4.65 m
Fehmarnbelt link
Germany G2, 4.65 m
Netherlands G2, 4.65 m
Betuwe line GC, 4.65 m
Belgium GB-M6, 4.602 m
France GB1, 4.32 m
Eurotunnel 5.75 m
Sufficient height of loading gauge SE-C and Eurotunnel for P/C 450
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
17. Vertical Clearance Requirements to OHL
Railway Group
OHL = overhead line
• Overhead line construction tolerance: 30 mm
• Contact wire dynamic movement: 50 mm
• Electrical minimum clearance (EBO, VDE 0115-1):
- 25 kV 220 mm
- 15 kV 150 mm
- 3 kV 50 mm
- 1.5 kV 35 mm
• Vehicle dynamic movement (TSI): 50 mm
• Track ballast tamping allowance: 50 mm
Total clearance 215 mm to 400 mm needed to OHL.
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
18. Loading Gauges and OHL Heights
Railway Group
OHL = overhead line
Corridor Loading gauge, OHL Total OHL height OHL normal
segment height voltage clearance needed for height
needed P/C 450
Norway M, 4.595 m 15 kV 0.33 m 5.16 m 5.5 m
Sweden C, 4.83 m 15 kV 0.33 m 5.16 m 5.5 m
A, 4.65 m
Øresund bridge P/C 450, 4.83 m 25 kV 0.40 m 5.23 m 5.33 m
Denmark G2, 4.65 m 25 kV 0.40 m 5.23 m 5.3 m, 5.5 m
Fehmarnbelt link
Germany G2, 4.65 m 15 kV 0.33 m 5.16 m 5.3 m, 5.5 m
Netherlands G2, 4.65 m 1.5 kV 0.215 m 5.045 m 5.5 m
Betuwe line GC, 4.65 m 25 kV 0.40 m 5.23 m 5.5 m
Belgium GB-M6, 4.602 m 3 kV 0.23 m 5.06 m 5.3 m
France (north) GB1, 4.32 m 25 kV 0.40 m 5.23 m 5.5 m
Eurotunnel 5.75 m 25 kV 0.40 m 5.23 m 6.3 m
Sufficient clearances to normal OHL heights for P/C 450.
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
19. Lift-on Lift-off Loading
Railway Group CargoNet
• Lift-on lift-off requires load unit reinforcements.
• Few semitrailers are reinforced (<10 %).
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
20. Roll-on Roll-off Wagons in P/C 450
Railway Group Trailer Train
4000
4830
Wheels > 0.63 m
4000
4830
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
21. Other Loads: Construction Equipment
Railway Group
Anders Karlsson
1268 mm floor height, Rs
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
22. Other Loads: House Sections and Lumber
Railway Group
Bengt Dahlberg Peter Norberg
1268 mm floor height, Rs 1235 mm floor height, Rns
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
23. House Sections and Lumber in P/C 450
Railway Group
Overhead contact wire
Section width Load width
255 cm 210 cm
Packaged Packaged
lumber lumber
Maximum House Packaged Packaged Maximum
Package
section height load height
356 cm section 110 cm lumber lumber 353 cm
Maximum
total height
483 cm ATOR Spacer Packaged Packaged
4 cm
lumber lumber
Wagon Wagon
Top of rail
Wagon floor height Wagon riser height
127 cm ATOR 130 cm ATOR
ATOR = above top of rail
Lumber can be stacked 1 package higher (+50 %)
in intermodal gauge P/C 450 than in P/C 400.
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
24. Lumber: Three Packages High (+50 %)
Railway Group Ulf Jaarnek
1305 mm riser height, Sgns
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
25. Lumber: Three Packages High (+50 %)
Railway Group Ulf Jaarnek
1305 mm riser height, Sgns
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
26. Swedish Softwood Lumber Export
Railway Group
to the Main European Markets
Statistics Sweden, Swedish Forest Industries Federation
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
27. Presentation Outline
Railway Group
PART 1: INTERMODAL COORDINATION
PART 2: WAGONLOAD COORDINATION
PART 3: WAGONLOAD DEVELOPMENT
PART 4: SUMMARY
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
28. Railway Loading Gauges
Railway Group
Vision: G2
rail corridor
>G2
G2
<G2
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
29. Loading Gauge G2
Railway Group
• Central and eastern Europe use the G2 gauge.
• HS1 and Eurotunnel are cleared for the G2 gauge.
Folkestone
Calais
• How to connect?
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
30. Clearing a Path for G2 to Britain
Railway Group
• Belgium: GB-M6 and P/C 450 nearly envelop G2.
P/C 450
GB-M6
G2
• France: GB1 and P/C 450 nearly envelop G2.
P/C 450
GB1
G2
Minor additional gauge enlargement would open
London, Folkestone, northern France and Belgium
to the larger wagons of central and eastern Europe.
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
31. Sample Enclosed Wagons
Railway Group
Transwaggon Transwaggon
G1 gauge, Habbiins 14 wagon G2 gauge, Habiis 11 wagon
IL 22.6 m, IW 2.83 m, V 173 m3 IL 21.838 m, IW 2.83 m, V 186.3 m3
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
32. Volume Capacity Increase
• Volume capacity comparison of Habbiins 14 (G1)
Railway Group
and Habiis 11 (G2), per meter of inside length.
Relative volume capacity (%)
vs. loading gauge
114
112
110
108
106
104 Relative volume capacity (%)
102 vs. loading gauge
100
98
96
94
G1 G2
+11 % larger wagon volume capacity
with loading gauge G2 than with G1.
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
33. Presentation Outline
Railway Group
PART 1: INTERMODAL COORDINATION
PART 2: WAGONLOAD COORDINATION
PART 3: WAGONLOAD DEVELOPMENT
PART 4: SUMMARY
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
34. Maximising Loading Gauge Height
Railway Group
OHL = overhead line
Corridor OHL normal OHL Total Loading gauge
segment height voltage clearance height possible
needed
Norway 5.5 m 15 kV 0.33 m 5.17 m
Sweden 5.5 m 15 kV 0.33 m 5.17 m
Øresund bridge 5.33 m 25 kV 0.40 m 4.93 m
Denmark 5.3 m, 5.5 m 25 kV 0.40 m 4.90 m
Fehmarnbelt link
Germany 5.3 m, 5.5 m 15 kV 0.33 m 4.97 m
Netherlands 5.5 m 1.5 kV 0.215 m 5.285 m
Betuwe line 5.5 m 25 kV 0.40 m 5.10 m
Belgium 5.3 m 3 kV 0.23 m 5.07 m
France (north) 5.5 m 25 kV 0.40 m 5.10 m
Eurotunnel 6.3 m 25 kV 0.40 m 5.90 m
Loading gauge height 4.90 m possible under normal OHL height.
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
35. Desired Flat-Top Loading Gauges
OHL 5.30 m Clearance ≥ 0.40 m (25 kV)
Railway Group
Wide P/C 450
3.60 m 4.90 m 2.60 m 4.83 m
Medium P/C 400
3.40 m 4.90 m 2.60 m 4.33 m
Narrow
3.15 m 4.90 m
Pocket 0.33 m
TOR 0.00 m
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
36. Loading Gauge Comparison
Railway Group
Note: Largest inscribed rectangle above floor height, 1.2 m.
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
37. Opportunities of a Larger Gauge
Railway Group
Kockums Industrier Kockums Industrier
133 m3 volume, Hiqqrrs-vw wagon 158 m3 volume, SECU container
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
38. Opportunities of a Larger Gauge
Railway Group
Frederik Tellerup Michael Nilsson
5 seats across, X53 unit 3.45 m width, X55 unit
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
39. Presentation Outline
Railway Group
PART 1: INTERMODAL COORDINATION
PART 2: WAGONLOAD COORDINATION
PART 3: WAGONLOAD DEVELOPMENT
PART 4: SUMMARY
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
40. Conclusions
• P/C 450 intermodal gauge (2.6 m 4.83 m) enables:
Railway Group
- 4.50 m high semitrailers, loaded by lift-on lift-off
- 4.00 m high semitrailers, loaded by roll-on roll-off
- 1.15 m high lumber packages, loaded three tall.
• P/C 450 fits within the Swedish C loading gauge.
• Overhead line normal heights are sufficient for P/C
450 Norway – France – Eurotunnel – Folkestone.
• Minor expansion would enable G2 gauge to London.
• On rebuilt or new lines, 4.9 m flat-top is desired.
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
41. Recommendations
Railway Group
• Show the applicable P/C intermodal gauges in all
railway network statements.
• Implement P/C 450 on Fran-Scan connecting
lines:
- Trelleborg – Halmstad 2015, Skälebol – Oslo
- Malmö – Hallsberg, Fors – Luleå
- Mjölby – Stockholm
- København – Esbjerg
• Implement in the Fran-Scan corridor:
- P/C 450: København – Hamburg – Lille – Calais
- G2: Rosendaal – Lille – Calais
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology
42. Railway Group
Thank you!
KTH Railway Group • Center for research and education in railway technology