The document describes the narrator's love of living in San Francisco. Some key details include: - The narrator has a wonderful view of the entire city from their apartment window and can see the Golden Gate Bridge. - Each day, the narrator observes many cargo ships passing under the Golden Gate Bridge. - While the narrator likes the variety of international restaurants in San Francisco, they dislike the city's traffic.

2. Sentences

3. I love living in the city. I have a wonderful view of the
entire city. I have an apartment. I can see the Golden
Gate Bridge. I can see many cargo ships pass under the
bridge each day. I like the restaurants in San Francisco.
I can find wonderful food from just about every country.
I don’t like the traffic in the city.
I love living in the city of San Francisco. I have a
wonderful view of the entire city from my apartment
window. In addition, I can see the Golden Gate Bridge
under which many cargo ships pass each day. I also like
San Francisco because I can find wonderful restaurants
with food from just about every country; however, I don’t
like the traffic in the city.

4. How do you vary sentence
structure?
There are four types of
sentences :
- Simple Sentence
- Compound Sentence
- Complex Sentence
- Compound-Complex
Sentence

5. The Simple Sentence
A simple sentence has one independent clause (one
subject and a verb):
I live in San Francisco.
Subject
Verb

6. Compound Sentence
A compound sentence contains two
independent clauses that are joined
together.
She works in the city, but she lives in the suburbs.
Independent
Clause Independent
Clause
Coordinate
Conjunctio
n

7. Compound Sentence
You can make a compound sentence by
joining two logically related independent
clauses by using…
- a semicolon
- a coordinating conjunction
- a transition

8. Using a Semicolon
Independent Clause semicolon Independent
Clause
I love living in the city ; there are so many things to do.
Independent
Clause
Independent
Clause

9. Using a Coordinating
Conjunction
Independent Clause ,coordinating conjunction Independent Clause
He couldn’t watch the show , so he decided to
tape it.
Independent
Clause
Independent
Clause

10. Coordinating Conjunctions
Logical Relationship Coordinating
Conjunction
Addition And
Contrast But, yet
Choice Or, nor
Cause For
Result So

11.  For  F
 And  A
 Nor  N
 But  B
 Or  O
 Yet  Y
 So  S

12. CAUTION!
Do NOT use a comma every time you use the
words and, or, but, nor, for, so, yet. Use a
comma only when the coordinating conjunction
joins two independent clauses.
Independent
Clause
No comma- not an
independent clause
The necklace was beautiful but expensive.
Simple Sentence

13. Using a Transition
Independent Clause ; transition , Independent
Clause
I love San Francisco ; however, I hate the traffic.
Independent
Clause
Independent
Clause

14. Transitions
Relationship Transition
Addition Moreover
Furthermore
In addition
besides
Contrast However On the contrary
In contrast On the other hand
Result or Effect Consequently Accordingly
Thus Hence
Therefore As a result
Reinforcement/Emphasis Indeed
In fact

15. John cannot set up his typewriter
because the wall has no outlet.
Complex Sentences
A complex sentence contains at least one
independent clause and one dependent
clause.
Independent Clause
Dependent Clause
Subordinating
Conjunction

16. Example- Complex Sentence
A complex sentence contains at least one
independent clause and one dependent clause.
She will go to school in the city
until she finds a job.
Independent Clause
Dependent Clause
Subordinating
Conjunction

17. When I first moved to the city,
I was afraid to drive the steep and narrow streets.
Complex Sentences
Use a comma after a dependent clause if it
begins the sentence.
Subordinating
Conjunction
Independent
Clause
Use a comma if the
dependent clause is
the first part of the
sentence.

18. Subordinate Conjunctions
after
although
as
as soon as
because
before
by the time
even if
even though
every time
if
in the event that
just in case
now that
once
only if
since
the first time
though
unless
until
when
whenever
whereas
whether or not
while

19. Compound -Complex Sentences
A compound-complex sentence is made from two
independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
Some examples:
1. Although I like to go camping, I haven't had the time to go lately,
and I haven't found anyone to go with.
Independent
Clause
Dependent
Clause
Independent
Clause

20. Exercises 1
1. Some people like action movies, but others prefer cartoons or sports shows.
Compound
2. During the era of steam locomotives, Canada built a railway across the continent.
Simple
3. My grandmother gives us milk and cookies when we visit her at her house.
Complex
4. Fighting is what some children do when they are bored, but Peter and Fred aren’t
like that.
Compound complex
5. Oh no! My cell phone is ringing, and at the same time so is my landline.
Compound

21. Exercises 2
6. Choosing between chocolate éclairs and banana splits is a dilemma to my
children.
Simple
7. Don’t tell me you didn’t buy the things on the list, since I need them for your
party.
Complex
8. Get your coat and put on your boots, as it’s cold and snowy tonight.
Compound-complex
9. Did the dog bite the boy or did the boy bite the dog?
Compound
10. When Jane bought a treat for her dog, did she give it to him immediately or did
she wait?
Compound-complex

22. Exercises 3
Convert the following sentences :
A. Simple – Complex
Simple : John admitted his guilt.
Complex: John admitted that he was guilty.
1. I have informed him of his success.
I have informed him that he has succeeded.
2. Alice is a said to be a good doctor.
It is said that Alice is a good doctor.

23. Exercises 4
1. You must take your medicine, otherwise you cannot get well.
You must take your medicine in order to get well.
2. The storm subsided, and we continued our journey.
The storm having subsided, we continued our journey.
3. He is rich, yet he is not happy.
In spite of being rich he is not happy.
B. Compound - Simple

24. Exercises 5
C. Complex - Simple
1. People who live in glass houses should not throw stones.
People living in glass houses should not throw stones.
2. This is the place where the meeting will be held.
This is the venue of the meeting.
3. I was surprised when I saw his obstinacy.
I was surprised to see his obstinacy.