The document discusses different approaches to service discovery with Docker containers: using a proxy like Etcd, Consul, or Zookeeper; using an overlay network like Weave or Flannel; or using configuration management tools like Confd, Configurator, or VisualOps. It provides pros and cons of each approach, like proxies being reliable but complex to set up, overlays providing flexibility but performance issues, and configuration management being simple but lacking role-based discovery. The document also provides an example of how VisualOps can be used for local service discovery testing without a heavy discovery solution.