Experimental modelling of hydrocarbon filtration in soils with and without added sorbents

1. Experimental modelingExperimental modeling
of hydrocarbon filtrationof hydrocarbon filtration
in soils with and withoutin soils with and without
added sorbentsadded sorbents
Presented by Dr. Sergey A. NeckludovPresented by Dr. Sergey A. Neckludov
Kazan State University, RussiaKazan State University, Russia

2. Objects of studyObjects of study
Sorbents:Sorbents: Zeolite containing mineral (19% clinoptilolite),Zeolite containing mineral (19% clinoptilolite),
bark, peatbark, peat
SoilsSoils Layer, cmLayer, cm % clay% clay %% СС organicorganic
Leached chernozemLeached chernozem 0-200-20
20-4020-40
4444
3838
33.99.99
3.553.55
Gray forest soilGray forest soil 0-400-40 2424 0,0,8080
Soddy podzolic soilSoddy podzolic soil 0-400-40 88 0,50,544
HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons d, g/cmd, g/cm33
TTboilingboiling,, oo
CC
NonaneNonane 0.71760.7176 150.8150.8
DodecaneDodecane 0.74870.7487 216.3216.3
TetradecaneTetradecane 0.76280.7628 253.7253.7
DecalineDecaline 0.86990.8699 187.3187.3
1-Methyl-naphtalene1-Methyl-naphtalene 1.02021.0202 241.0241.0

3. Scheme of experimentScheme of experiment
Native soil
Soil sample
Glass column
Hydrocarbons
mixture
15 ml
Primary
pollution
Secondary
pollution
Water
Wetting
Receiver
Sampling
and
extraction CCl4
2 cm
Analyses

4. 0
10
20
30
40
0 10 20 30
HC Contents,
% from residual quantity of mixture
Depth,cm
0
10
20
30
40
0 10 20 30
HC Contents,
% from residual quantity of mixture
Depth,cm Distribution of hydrocarbons inDistribution of hydrocarbons in
chernozem profilechernozem profile without added sorbentswithout added sorbents
Secondary pollution after 11-
month water filtration (40-daily
wetting of soil up to field
moisture capacity)
Primary pollution after 40-
daily wetting of soil up to
field moisture capacity

5. HC Contents,
% from residual quantity of mixture
0
10
20
30
40
0 20 40 60 80 100
Depth,cm
1% ZCM in layer 0-20 cm
2% ZCM in layer 0-20 cm
Primary pollution after 9-daily
wetting of soil up to field
moisture capacity
Water contents in soil profile
after 9-daily wetting of soil up
to field moisture capacity
Addition of Zeolite containing mineral (ZCM)Addition of Zeolite containing mineral (ZCM)
0
10
20
30
40
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Soil moisture, %
Depth,cm
Without ZCM
5% ZCM in layer 0-20 cm
25% ZCM in layer 0-20 cm

6. 0
10
20
30
40
0 20 40 60 80 100
HC Contents,
% from residual quantity of mixture
Depth,cm
Addition of Zeolite containing mineral (ZCM)Addition of Zeolite containing mineral (ZCM)
Secondary pollution after 11-month water
filtration (9-daily wetting of soil up to
field moisture capacity)
Chernozem without ZCM
0
10
20
30
40
0 20 40 60 80 100
HC contents,
% from residual quantity of mixture
Depth,cm
Chernozem with 5% ZCM
in layer 0-20 cm

7. HC contents,
% from residual quantity of mixture
0
10
20
30
40
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Depth,cm
HC contents,
% from residual quantity of mixture
0
10
20
30
40
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Depth,cm
Addition of organic sorbentsAddition of organic sorbents
Rubber crumb in layer 6-12 cmWood sawdust in layer 6-12 cm
Primary pollution after 9-daily wetting
of soil up to field moisture capacity

8. Main resultsMain results
 Heavy loamy soils with medium and highHeavy loamy soils with medium and high
contents of organic carbon have high protectivecontents of organic carbon have high protective
properties. Hydrocarbons are completelyproperties. Hydrocarbons are completely
retained in 30-cm layer of macro homogeneousretained in 30-cm layer of macro homogeneous
soils at field moisture capacity.soils at field moisture capacity.
 Rise of field moisture capacity of soil media leadRise of field moisture capacity of soil media lead
to increasing of soil protective properties.to increasing of soil protective properties.
 High efficiency of use of cheap natural organicHigh efficiency of use of cheap natural organic
sorbents was shown in laboratory experiments.sorbents was shown in laboratory experiments.

9. Perspectives of Project progressPerspectives of Project progress
 The range of organic sorbents will extend.The range of organic sorbents will extend.
 The influence of flow resistance on filtration ofThe influence of flow resistance on filtration of
hydrocarbons in middle loamy and loamy sand soils willhydrocarbons in middle loamy and loamy sand soils will
investigate.investigate.
 Development of complex system for protection of soilsDevelopment of complex system for protection of soils
and groundwater against contamination byand groundwater against contamination by
hydrocarbons:hydrocarbons:
 determination of range of sorbing additives to soil;determination of range of sorbing additives to soil;
 determination of sequence and amounts of additivedetermination of sequence and amounts of additive
introduction into the soil;introduction into the soil;
 numerical simulation of mass transfer processes ofnumerical simulation of mass transfer processes of
hydrocarbons in protective system;hydrocarbons in protective system;
 experimental testing of protective system in natural conditions.experimental testing of protective system in natural conditions.

10. WorkgroupWorkgroup
 Dr. Vladimir BreusDr. Vladimir Breus
 Dr. Sergey NeckludovDr. Sergey Neckludov
 Engineer Valentina ChistovaEngineer Valentina Chistova