Senior Thesis (Casey Robbins)

The Effects of Resistance Training Interventions on Vertical Jump Performance in High
School Male Basketball Players
Casey Robbins
Carthage College

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Article 1
Scanlan, A. T., Dascombe, B. J., & Reaburn, P. R. (2014). Development of the Basketball
Exercise Simulation Test: A match-specific basketball fitness test. Journal of Human Sport and
Exercise. 9(3), 700-712.
In this article, Scanlan, Dascombe, and Reaburn developed a test that would be able to
simulate the activity demand of male basketball players. They used a variety of test to simulate
the physical demands of male basketball competition.
In the study, they used fourteen male basketball players of an average age of 25. There
were 3 tests the authors used. They used a repeated sprint protocol, Yo-Yo Intermittent
Recovery Test and a 12-minute BEST trial. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test focuses on an
athlete’s endurance. The participants had to diet 48 hours before the testing and were tested at
the same time each day. After the first testing, participants were tested again seven days later.
The authors came up with results similar to basketball activity demand. The mean for the
average heart rate for the participants 176 beats per minute and the average heart rate for athletes
in male basketball competition was between 151 and 171 beats per minute. There was a
significant correlation between repeat-sprint performance and mean sprint time, mean circuit
time, sprint decrement, circuit decrement and total distance across the Basketball Exercise
Simulation Test. There were other direct responses of physiological and activity responses.

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In conclusion, the authors concluded that the field tests that were performed replicates the
activity demand of adult male basketball players. The tests both matched the anaerobic and
aerobic fitness in adult’s men basketball. The author states that the test might be reliable for
coaches, basketball players, researchers and conditioning coaches. The author also believes the
test can determine the effects of nutritional interventions, and ergogenic aids on basketball-
related fitness.
Article 2
Bishop, D. C., & Wright, C. (2006, May). A time-motion analysis of professional basketball to
determine the relationship between three activity profiles: High, medium and low intensity and
the length of the time spent on court. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport.
6(1), 130-139
In this article Bishop studied the relationship between high, medium, and low intensity
and the length of the time spent on the basketball court. The aim of this study was to determine
an exercise to rest profile for basketball, identifying if a relationship existed between total time
spent on court and the intensity levels of the players. Also, the study was done to determine an
exercise to rest profile.
During the study, six players were observed to collect data over five games. The players
were not informed so there was no change in behavior. They were filmed and were watched for
what insanity they were using. High intensity was considered jumping, sprints, etc. Medium

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intensity was considered jogging and other activities that had no urgency. Low intensity was
considered walking and standing.
The results Bishop came up with were that low intensity activity happened the most often
and high intensity was the least. Low intensity activities on average was about 4.4 seconds per
bout. Medium intensity activities on average was about 3.4 seconds per bout. High intensity
activities happened about 1.5 seconds per bout on average. During games 1, 4, and 5 there was a
combined correlation between intensity profiles and the total time spent on the court. The high
intensity was .077, the medium intensity was .17, and the low intensity was -.17.
In conclusion, the author stated that the study showed support for conditioning and
training to replicate the exercise to rest ratio. He also stated that more time spent on the court
has a negative impact on player’s high intensity levels. The author states that basketball players
require aerobic condition to help recover between high intensity bouts.
Article 3
Bui, H. T., Farinas, M., Fortin, A., Comtois, A., & Leone, M. (2014). Comparison and analysis
of three different methods to evaluate vertical jump height. Clinical Physiology and Functional
Imaging Clin Physiol Funct Imaging, 35(3), 203-209.
In this study, the authors used three different methods to determine vertical jump
height. The test was also to find the athletes limitations and find solutions to the

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limitations. The authors believe that the maximum jump height by an individual can show lower
leg power and can provide functional capacity and performance in sports.
The study was done on 41 students. Out of the 41, 18 were women and 23 were
men. The average age was 23 years old. Each participant was asked to do a five-minute warm
up and then perform 3 different jump tests. The test systems were contact mat, optical system
and Sargent jump. Each measures an individual's jump height.
The results showed that the optical test and the mat test averages were similar at 35.6
centimeters and 35.9 centimeters. The Sargent jump show very different results. The average
for the Sargent jump was 40.3 centimeters. The authors compared the means and found that the
differences in height between the participants were not significant with the low group. They are
however significant with the medium and high groups.
The authors concluded that the optical system and the contact mat have a high
correlation. The Sargent jump overestimated the height of the vertical jump and are less
accurate. With it being inaccurate, the Sargent jump lowered the correlation. They also stated
for the results to be more accurate, the subject should have proper knee, hip and ankle position
during landing.

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Article 4
Carvalho, H. M., Silva, M. J., Figueiredo, A. J., Gonçalves, C. E., Castagna, C., Philippaerts, R.
M., & Malina, R. M. (2011). Cross-Validation and Reliability of the Line-Drill Test of
Anaerobic Performance in Basketball Players 14–16 Years. Journal of Strength and
Conditioning Research, 25(4), 1113-1119.
In this study, the authors wanted to test how reliable the line drill was in basketball and
how it affected their anaerobic performance. This study evaluates the validity and reliability of
the line-drill test of anaerobic performance in male basketball players. Also, the authors examine
the relationship with the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) and the line drill test.
The study was done on 76 male basketball players. The age range of the male basketball
players were 14 to 16 years old. The test used in the research was the Wingate Anaerobic Test
and 140-meter line drill test to measure anaerobic performance. Their height and leg length were
also measured in the test.
For the test, participants were asked not to eat three hours prior and not to consume
coffee or any drinks containing caffeine for eight hours prior. Each participant wore similar
clothing and shoe wear. All participants started with a warm-up and then complete the 30-
second WAnT test on a cycle ergometer which was friction loaded. Subjects were then tested for
anaerobic peak and mean power during the Wingate Anaerobic Test. The participants then ran a
140-meter line drill as fast as they can on a regulation size basketball court.

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The author came up with the results that all but one maturity offset values were
positive. The average maturity offset was 1.8 years. The average line drill time was 31.02
seconds. While the average WAnT power was 642.3 watts for peak and 551.3 watts for
mean. The correlation between chronological age, peak power, and mean power were
significant.
In conclusion, the line drill test had high reliability and acceptable validity. The authors
believe the test had high reliability because the test is a basketball conditioning drill and each
subject played basketball. The authors stated that some data was limited because of the
maturation of the boys and going through puberty. The line drill test provided reliable data and
could differentiate adolescent players by competitive level successfully.
Article 5
Witmer, Chad A., Shala E. Davis, and Gavin L. Moir. "The Acute Effects of Back Squats on
Mechanical Variables During Countermovement Vertical Jump Performance in Women."
Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 42 (2010): 206-13.
In this article, Witmer, Davis, and Moir developed a test that would be able to determine
if heavy back squats will improve vertical jump performance. They used the squat with maximal
load and low repetition.

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In the study, they used twelve men and twelve women. All subjects were active and were
participating in college sports. The athletes were participating in football, softball, volleyball,
track and field or were recreationally participating in swimming, running, and resistance training.
Each participant confirmed they did some sort of resistance training in the past six months. The
average age for the male participants was 21.2 years old and the average age for the female
participants was 20.9 years old. The average height and weight of the male participants were
1.79 meters and 85.1 kilograms. The average height and weight for the female participants were
1.63 meters and 62.7 kilograms. Each participant performed three back squat tests, the one rep
max back squats, a potentiation treatment and a control treatment.
The results the authors came up with were that the average mean load for the men for the
one repetition max for the back squat was 158.8 ± 23.2 kg and the women's average mean load
was 79.0 ± 1.32 kg. An increase in jump height was reported for participants who performed the
control treatment greater than the participants who performed the potentiating treatment. For the
men, a large negative relationship was found between the absolute change in the maximum jump
height and the normalized 1 Repetition Max load, while a small positive relationship was found
for women. Individually, five men reached their highest jump height after receiving post-
activation potentiation, and similarly four women responded the same.
In conclusion, the authors stated that previous studies have shown that the back squat
does not improve jump height but the previous researchers did not account for individual
differences. In their study, the researchers found that there was no significant increase in jump
height following the potentiating treatment in either gender. They stated that the resistance

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exercises performed can result in improvements in certain subjects but the gains were small. The
researchers concluded by saying that the subject’s verticals jump can be hindered by the back
squat.
Article 6
Channell, B. T., & Barfield, J. P. (2008). Effect of Olympic and Traditional Resistance Training
on Vertical Jump Improvement in High School Boys. Journal of Strength and Conditioning
Research, 22(5), 1522-1527.
In this article, Channell and Barfield compared proposed that “the effects of a ballistic
resistance training program of Olympic lifts with those of a traditional resistance training
program of power lifts on vertical jump improvement in male high school athletes”. They
hypothesized Olympic style lifts will have a better advantage at improving vertical jump
compared to power lifts.
In the study, they used 27 males, high school football student athletes. The study lasted
eight weeks, with the first four weeks being general strength training and the last four weeks the
group was split between Olympic lifts or traditional power lifts. There was also a control group
who did no lifts at all. The average age of the athletes was 15.9 years old, with the average
height and weight being 179.3 cm and 86.63 kg. The athletes had minimal weight training
experience with an average of 1.87 years. The main lifts for the Olympic lift group were the
power clean, hang clean, clean pulls, and the snatch. The main lifts for the power lift group were
the squat, overhead squat, deadlift, and leg press. A strength training coach was present during

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the weight training sessions. The authors measured the participants vertical jump using the
Vertec.
Both groups (Olympic lifts and power lifts) had an increase in their vertical jump. The
control group had a decrease in their vertical jump. The different types of lifts had different
results. The Olympic lifts gave the participants vertical jump a 4.5 percent increase. The power
lifts gave the participants a 2.3 percent increase. The control had a 2.8 percent decrease in their
vertical jump. The average improvement of the Olympic lifts was 56 percent greater than the
power lifts. There was a moderate correlation between vertical jump and squat performance
corrected for body weight (r=0.42). There was a high correlation between vertical jump and
power clean performance corrected for body weight (r=0.75). There was also a high correlation
between squat one repetition maximum corrected for body weight and power clean one repetition
maximum correct for body weight (r=0.88).
In conclusion, the author stated that the results showed that Olympic lifts and power lifts
both showed vertical jump improvement in the male high school athletes. Even though Olympic
lifts contain a speed component greater than power lifts, there was only a modest difference in
improvement of the vertical jump. The authors attributed the increase in vertical jump by the
Olympic lift groups to the pull exercises. Olympic lifts and power lifts both provide
improvement in vertical jump performance compared to the control group but the Olympic lifts
provide a small advantage over power lifts.

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Article 7
Sutton, B. (2013, October 21). The Scientific Rationale for Incorporating Olympic Weightlifting
to Enhance Sports Performance. Retrieved October 17, 2016, from http://blog.nasm.org/sports-
performance/scientific-rationale-incorporating-olympic-weightlifting-enhance-sports-
performance/
In this article, Brian Sutton MS, MA, PES, CES, NASM-CPT discusses incorporating
Olympic lifts as a way to increase sports performance. He writes that implementing these lifts
into athletes weightlifting programs will best help athletes improve athletic performance while
competing in explosive sports.
In the article, he talks about the Specific Adaption to Imposed Demands (SAID) Principle
and the Universal Athletic Position. For the SAID Principle, he discusses how the body adapts
to the demands placed on it. The examples he uses are how lifting weight at light loads and high
repetition will lead to muscle endurance and high loads with low repetitions will lead to maximal
strength. Majority of sports require explosiveness and power and Olympic lifts best provide the
body that adaptation by having the body produce the greatest amount of force in the shortest
amount of time. He states how Olympic lifts mimic the Universal Athletic Position. “This
position is described as standing in a quarter squat with feet flat, the hips are behind the center of
gravity, shoulders are in front, the torso is flat (inclined at an angle of about 45º) weight
distributed on a full foot, hands in front, knees over the toes, and shoulders over the knees (5).”
When Olympic Lifts are properly done, they go through the Universal Athletic Position on the
first and second pull phases.

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In his article, he summarized the research related to the overall effectiveness of Olympic
Lifts on jumping, sprinting, and explosive strength. One of the articles he summarized found
that weight lifting ability and the vertical jump were linked together. In this study, using high
school athletes, Olympic lifts have a slight advantage over power lifts but both provide
improvements in the vertical jump. He cited another article that indicated Olympic lifts improve
the development of power, high -load speed strength, and athletic performance.
Sutton wrote in conclusion; Olympic lifts should be implemented in sports performance
conditioning programs. He states that the research provides enough evidence to show that
Olympic lifts provide performance improvements in force production, high-load speed strength,
maximum strength, and vertical jump performance. It is important to understand the basics of
Olympic lifts before implementing them in a conditioning program but when implemented,
results will be seen in athletic performance in explosive sports.
Article 8
Mangus, B., Takahashi, M., Holcomb, W., McWhorter, W., & Sanchez, R. (2006). Investigation
of Vertical Jump Performance After Completing Heavy Squat Exercises. Journal of Strength and
Conditioning Research, 597-600.
In this article, the authors were trying to determine whether vertical jump height was
influenced by completing a half squat or a quarter squat prior to jumping. Some athletes try to
gain performance advantages and do heavy load exercises before explosive activities. The

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countermovement jump heights were compared using a 1-way analysis of variance and a Pearson
correlation was performed to make sure of any relationship between relative strength ratio and
countermovement jump height results.
In the study the authors used eleven weightlifters with a minimum of one year of squat
exercises. The average age of the subjects was 23.45 years. The average body mass was 83.1 kg
and the average height was 177 cm. The average one repetition max of the half squat was 138.2
kg and the average for the quarter squat was 172.3 kg. The subjects were asked to not perform
any lower body heavy exercises 48 hours prior.
The results the authors came were that the change in jump height was not different
between conditions. There was also no correlation between jump height and the half squat
condition (r = -0.138) or between jump height and the quarter squat condition (r = -0.173). The
heavy squats before testing vertical jump did not influence the performance. The authors believe
that the lack of positive of the squat exercises on the jump performance could be due to the rest
intervals.
In conclusion, all but one of the subjects seen a decrease in their jump performance after
the half squat and quarter squat. A positive post tetanic potentiation response is dependent on
interaction between exercise intensity, number of repetitions, and rest intervals. The author
stated that an incorrect combination between these factors can influence the jump performance
negatively. The use of a strength ratio did not appear to predict who benefited from post tetanic
potentiation in this type of exercise situation.

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Article 9
Sperlich, P. F., Behringer, M., & Mester, J. (2016, August). The effects of resistance training
interventions on vertical jump performance in basketball players: A meta-analysis. The Journal
of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 874-885.
In this article, the authors were testing the effectiveness of resistance training intervention
on vertical jump ability in basketball players. The authors performed a meta-analysis
throughout.
In the study the authors discuss 14 studies that meta-analysis procedure. Out of the 14
studies, 5 of them examined more than one experimental group to investigate various
interventions. Two studies focused on both males and females, 11 examined only males, and
only one examined only females. The overall mean age was 17.7 years old. The range of
duration of the interventions was from 24 days to 24 weeks. The frequency of the sessions we
between 3 and 10 times per week with the range of the meeting time being between 3 and 90
minutes. The interventions were divided into groups of plyometric training, weight training,
vibration training, electromyostimualtion training, and a mix between plymetric and weight
training. The vertical jump was assessed by jump and reach test, drop jumps, squat jumps and
counter movement jumps in each study.
The subgroup analyses for male vs. females revealed an overall effect size of 0.99. The
Z-test did not show a big difference between the overall effect size of preseason and in season

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intervention with in-season being 0.94 and preseason being 1.03. The authors believe that the
lack of positive of the squat exercises on the jump performance could be due to the rest intervals.
In conclusion, the results the studies came up with were that the overall mean for effect
size estimated was 0.78 of the present meta-analysis demonstrates that the applied resistance
training interventions effectively improved vertical jump performance in basketball activities.
The authors were able to demonstrate that the analyzed training interventions can improve
vertical jump performance in basketball activities. Plyometric training and combined
interventions turned out to seem the most effective. The studies also show that the
improvements are independent of age and season.
Article 10
Rodacki, A. L., Fowler, N. E., & Bennett, S. J. (2002). Vertical jump coordination: Fatigue
effects. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 34(1), 105-116.
In this article, Rodacki, Fowler, and Bennett investigated the segmental coordination of
vertical jumps under fatigue of the knee extensor and flexor muscles. They hypothesized
Olympic style lifts will have a better advantage at improving vertical jump compared to power
lifts.
In the study, they used 11 healthy male subjects, who participated in many sports. They
average age of the males were 23.1 years old and average height and body mass was 183.4 cm

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and 84 kg. Six subjects participated in volleyball, three were rugby players and the other two
participated in multiple sports. Each subject had previous experiences with vertical jumping.
The study consisted of two test sessions and each session was separated by at least three
days. Subjects were separated into two groups: knee extensor muscle group and the knee flexor
muscle group. In the first session, the knee extensor muscle group was fatigued and in the
second session the knee flexor muscle group was fatigued. Fatigue was imposed by requesting
the subjects to extend and flex both their knees in a knee flexor/extensor weight machine. The
subjects could go at their own pace and could go until they were no longer able to lift a load.
The knee extensor group lifted a load that was 50 percent of their body mass and the knee flexor
group lifted a load that was 40 percent of their body mass. The isokinetic peak torques of the
right knee extensor and flexor muscles were measured using a Cybex dynometer. Before the
assessment, each subject could perform a set of five submaximal contractions, as a warm up.
After the first isokinetic testing, the subjects performed three warm-up trails of the
countermovement jumps and then followed up by doing three maximal countermovement jumps.
Flight time was determined using force data.
There was no significant difference in peak torque in the non-fatigued condition between
both the first and the second two sessions. The fatigue groups were proven to reduce the peak
torque of the knee extensor and flexor by 14.2 percent and 12.6 percent. The power lifts gave the
participants a 2.3 percent increase. The vertical jump in the non-fatigued groups, had no
significant difference. In only the flexor muscle group, fatigue reduced the ability to jump as
high as the non-fatigued group.

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In conclusion, the author suggested the neural input used in the fatigued condition did not
constitute an optimal solution and may have played a role in decreasing maximal jump height
achievement. It is shown that fatigue in the knee extensor muscles affect the vertical jump,
unlike knee flexors. The author suggests that the coordination strategy used after fatigue was no
longer optimal for the muscle strength available.

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The effects of resistance training interventions on vertical jump performance in high school
male basketball players.
Summary
Resistance training has been known to help impact athletic performance positively
through research, specifically the vertical jump. In an article summarized by Sutton, found that
weight lifting ability and the vertical jump were linked together. He wrote that, “implementing
these lifts into athletes weightlifting programs will best help athletes improve athletic
performance while competing in explosive sports” (Sutton, 2013). Research shows that Olympic
lifts and power lifts both improve vertical jump, even though Olympic lifts show a slight edge.
Researchers have found that “The change in vertical jump performance represented a 4.5%
increase for Olympic Training, a 2.3% increase for Power Training…” over a 12-week period
(Channell, Barfield, 2008).
During the study, it is believed fatigue became a factor. Knee flexors and knee extensors
are key components in the vertical jump. Back squats, deadlifts, and power cleans wok both the
knee flexors and the knee extensors. Fatiguing one or both muscle groups could have influenced
the results of the testing. Researchers have found that “vertical jump performance is affected by
fatigue of the knee extensor muscles, but not by fatigue of knee flexors” (Rodacki, Fowler,
Bennett 2002).

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The purpose of this study was to compare pre and post vertical jump after two weeks of
resistance training. The chosen method was the Vertec vertical jump test. A total of five male
high school basketball players (mean age 16) participated in this study. Data showed that with
two weeks of resistance training, vertical jump decreased. It was found that the vertical jump
average by the group in the pretest (26.2 inches), was significantly different from the post test
(24.8 inches) (P = .05). A few errors could be the reasoning behind the decrease in the subject’s
vertical jump. These errors could be lack of rest and fatigue and the load could have been too
small.
Hypothesis: After two weeks of resistance training, vertical jump will improve in male
basketball players.
METHODS
Subjects: The research consisted of 5 males. The ages were from 15 and 17 year olds. Each
participant is currently a part of the high school basketball team. All subjects had some sort of
the basic knowledge of weight training. Each subject and their parent or guardian were informed
of the risks associated with participating and signed a consent form prior to testing as seen in
appendix A. Each participant was recruited using convenient sampling.

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Procedure:
Each session began with the same dynamic warm up for each participant. The warm up
consisted of 18 lunges, 30 Frankenstein kicks, 22 high knees, 28 butt kicks, and 20 deep air
squats.
On the first day of testing, each of the five participants tested their vertical jump. The
vertical jump was tested by using a Vertec. The height of the Vertec was set by the participants
arm length and nine inches were added because of their jumping ability. Each participant was
given three chances to measure their vertical jump and the best score was taken as their final
score.
Training was done for two weeks, three times a week. The first day of training consisted
of deadlifts at 75 percent of the subject’s max, doing three sets of seven repetitions. The
participants followed the deadlift with single leg deadlifts, doing three sets of seven repetitions.
The second day of training consisted of back squats at 75 percent of their max, doing three sets
of seven repetitions. After the back squats, each participant did body weight box jump squats
doing three sets of ten repetitions. The last day of training contained power cleans at 75 percent
of their max doing three sets of seven repetitions. After the power cleans, the subjects then did
three sets of seven repetitions of clean and jerks.
The second week of training each participant moved up in weight by at least five pounds
in each lift. The first training day of the second week consisted of deadlifts and good mornings.
Both exercises were done in three sets and seven repetitions. The second training day of the

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week each subject did three sets of seven repetitions of back squats. Following the back squats
the subjects did three sets of 10 receptions of body weight box jump squats. On the final day of
training the participants did three sets of seven of power cleans. They finished off the training
with three sets of seven doing clean and jerks.
After two weeks of training, each of the five subjects tested out on their vertical jump.
Each again began with the warm up before the vertical jump test. Each participant was given
three attempts again and the best score was kept and taken as their final score.
RESULTS
There was a significant decrease from pre-vertical jump and post-vertical jump. The
average mean for the subject’s pre-vertical jump was 26.2 inches and the average mean for the
subject’s post-vertical jump was 24.8 inches. Four out of the five subjects seen a decrease in
their vertical jump. Each subject’s vertical jump can be seen in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Subjects pre & post vertical jump andgroup pre andpost average
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
(S1) (S2) (S3) (S4) (S5) Average (All)
AverageVerticalJump
Vertical Jump Test Average (Pre) (Inches) Vertical Jump Test Average (Post)

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As a group, the average load size from the pre load to the post load, for the back squat,
deadlift, and power clean increased. As seen in Figure 2, the average load size increased. The
deadlift preload from the first week of training was 163 pounds and increased to 177 pounds.
The back-squat preload from the first week of training was 127 pounds and increased to 152
pounds. The power clean preload for the first week of training was 121 pounds and increased to
130 pounds. For the full overview of the results for the pre and post loads, see Appendix B and
C.
Figure 2: Groups Average pre andpost loadof the deadlift, squat, & power clean.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Average Pre Load Average Post Load Difference (+)
AveragePre/PostLoad
DL Squat PC

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A paired-samples t-test was conducted to evaluate the impact of weight training on high
school basketball players vertical jump. There was a statistically significant decrease in vertical
jump scores from Time 1 (M=26.2, SD=5.89) to Time 2 (M=24.8, SD=5.02), t(4), p=.05.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, it has been shown after two weeks of resistance training, vertical jump will
not improve in male basketball players. Despite the increase in the load from the first training
week to the second training week, load size showed no positive influence on the subject’s
vertical jump. This suggests that the increase in load could have led to some form of fatigue in
the knee extensor muscles. Pre-training vertical jump mean was 26.2 inches and decreased in the
post training to 24.8 inches. The preload averages for the deadlifts, squats, and power cleans
were 163 pounds, 127 and, and 121 pounds. The post load averages for the deadlifts, squats, and
power cleans were 177 pounds, 152 pounds, and 130 pounds. The proposed argument that
resistance training would increase vertical jump over two weeks proved to be false.
Limitations:
Limitations could have influenced the results of the study. With the Vertec being an
older version, could have influenced the results by half an inch or so. With only having five
subjects and only doing the study over two weeks could have also influenced the study. If the
study was done again, it would be best to do over a longer period of time. A few of the subjects

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had very little experience in the weight room, which led to a lower load size so no injury would
occur. In addition to the lack of experience, a lack of rest could have caused fatigue leading to
the decrease in the vertical jumps.
REFERENCES
Bishop, D. C., & Wright, C. (2006, May). A time-motion analysis of professional basketball to
determine the relationship between three activity profiles: High, medium and low intensity and
the length of the time spent on court. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport.
6(1), 130-139
Bui, H. T., Farinas, M., Fortin, A., Comtois, A., & Leone, M. (2014). Comparison and analysis
of three different methods to evaluate vertical jump height. Clinical Physiology and Functional
Imaging Clin Physiol Funct Imaging, 35(3), 203-209.

25
Carvalho, H. M., Silva, M. J., Figueiredo, A. J., Gonçalves, C. E., Castagna, C., Philippaerts, R.
M., & Malina, R. M. (2011). Cross-Validation and Reliability of the Line-Drill Test of
Anaerobic Performance in Basketball Players 14–16 Years. Journal of Strength and
Conditioning Research, 25(4), 1113-1119.
Channell, B. T., & Barfield, J. P. (2008). Effect of Olympic and Traditional Resistance Training
on Vertical Jump Improvement in High School Boys. Journal of Strength and Conditioning
Research, 22(5), 1522-1527.
Mangus, B., Takahashi, M., Holcomb, W., McWhorter, W., & Sanchez, R. (2006). Investigation
of Vertical Jump Performance After Completing Heavy Squat Exercises. Journal of Strength and
Conditioning Research, 597-600.
Rodacki, A. L., Fowler, N. E., & Bennett, S. J. (2002). Vertical jump coordination: Fatigue
effects. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 34(1), 105-116.
Scanlan, A. T., Dascombe, B. J., & Reaburn, P. R. (2014). Development of the Basketball
Exercise Simulation Test: A match-specific basketball fitness test. Journal of Human Sport and
Exercise, 9(3), 700-712.

26
Sperlich, P. F., Behringer, M., & Mester, J. (2016, August). The effects of resistance training
interventions on vertical jump performance in basketball players: A meta-analysis. The Journal
of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 874-885.
Sutton, B. (2013, October 21). The Scientific Rationale for Incorporating Olympic Weightlifting
to Enhance Sports Performance. Retrieved October 17, 2016, from http://blog.nasm.org/sports-
performance/scientific-rationale-incorporating-olympic-weightlifting-enhance-sports-
performance/
Witmer, Chad A., Shala E. Davis, and Gavin L. Moir. "The Acute Effects of Back Squats on
Mechanical Variables During Countermovement Vertical Jump Performance in Women."
Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 42 (2010): 206-13.
Appendix A
Consent to Participate in Research Study
Study Title: Improvement of Vertical Jump with Two weeks of Resistance Training
Investigator: Casey Robbins, crobbins@carthage.edu

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Faculty Advisor: Cynthia Allen, PhD, Assistant professor EXSS Department
callen1@carthage.edu
Purpose of study: To fulfill part of the requirements for EXS 3500 Field Placement in
Exercise and Sport Science (Senior Thesis)
Study Background: This study is to see if vertical jump can be improved with two
weeks of resistance training. The participants will be tested pre-resistance training and
post-resistance training. The first test will be tested two weeks before the post test to
see the final results.
You will be tested on your vertical jump to start. You will then go through resistance
weight training three times a week for two weeks. You will be performing three Olympic
lifts, the squat, dead lift, and power clean. After the two weeks of resistance weight
training, you will again be tested on your vertical jump.
Participation is voluntary. I will not be collecting any data that will identify you as an
individual. All data will be entered into Excel and analyzed collectively to be used to
write my senior thesis. You are free to withdraw from the study at any time and can
leave any question blank you are not comfortable answering.
Subject Name: _______________________
Subject Signature: ____________________
Parent/Guardian Name: _______________________
Parent/Guardian Signature: ____________________
Date:___________
Appendix B
Subject 1 Pre-Load
Lift Reps Sets Lbs Load
Deadlift 21 3 195 219
Power Clean 21 3 115 139
Squat 21 3 150 174
Subject 3 Pre-Load
Deadlift 21 3 225 249
Squat 21 3 185 209
Subject 2 Pre-Load

28
Deadlift 21 3 135 159
Squat 21 3 170 194
Subject 5 Pre-Load
Deadlift 21 3 75 99
Squat 21 3 65 89
Subject 4 Pre-Load
Deadlift 21 3 65 89
Squat 21 3 65 89
Appendix C
Subject 1 Post-Load
Deadlift 21 3 205 229
Squat 21 3 155 179
Subject 3 Post-Load
Deadlift 21 3 235 259
Squat 21 3 190 214
Subject 2 Post-Load

29
Deadlift 21 3 140 164
Squat 21 3 150 174
Subject 5 Post-Load
Deadlift 21 3 80 104
Squat 21 3 70 94
Subject 6 Post-Load
Deadlift 21 3 105 129
Squat 21 3 75 99

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