Antiglobalization and the future of antitrust enforcement across the world_Presentation at the second FCP Annual Conference, 20-21 October 2017, Florence
This presentation presents the key findings of a 12-month project in Romania which aimed at identifying competition-distorting rules and regulations in selected sectors.
Access the report at: oe.cd/1pj. Find out more about the project: http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/romaniacompetitionassessment.htm
More about the Competition Assessment toolkit at www.oecd.org/competition/toolkit
This presentation by Prof. R Nieuwenkamp was made during the Promoting Responsible Investment in Myanmar Conference (4 March 2014, Yangon) at the session the opportunities for RBC in Myanmar.
Find out more at http://mneguidelines.oecd.org/2014-conference-promoting-responsible-investment-myanmar.htm
This presentation by Jose Luis Buendía, Partner, Garrigues, was made during the discussion “The promotion of competitive neutrality by competition authorities” held at the 20th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2021. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/pcnca.
Antiglobalization and the future of antitrust enforcement across the world_Presentation at the second FCP Annual Conference, 20-21 October 2017, Florence
This presentation presents the key findings of a 12-month project in Romania which aimed at identifying competition-distorting rules and regulations in selected sectors.
Access the report at: oe.cd/1pj. Find out more about the project: http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/romaniacompetitionassessment.htm
More about the Competition Assessment toolkit at www.oecd.org/competition/toolkit
This presentation by Prof. R Nieuwenkamp was made during the Promoting Responsible Investment in Myanmar Conference (4 March 2014, Yangon) at the session the opportunities for RBC in Myanmar.
Find out more at http://mneguidelines.oecd.org/2014-conference-promoting-responsible-investment-myanmar.htm
This presentation by Jose Luis Buendía, Partner, Garrigues, was made during the discussion “The promotion of competitive neutrality by competition authorities” held at the 20th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2021. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/pcnca.
This presentation by Norwegian Competition Authority was made during the discussion on "Independence of competition authorities - from designs to practices" held at the 15th Global Forum on Competition on 1 December 2016. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/competition/globalforum/independence-of-competition-authorities.htm
This presentation by Prof. Allan Fels from the University of Melbourn, Australia was made during the discussion on "Independence of competition authorities - from designs to practices" held at the 15th Global Forum on Competition on 1 December 2016. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/competition/globalforum/independence-of-competition-authorities.htm
This presentation outlines the investment policy review process that the government of Viet Nam is undertaking in partnership with the the OECD and ASEAN as part of an active programme of investment policy reforms.
To find out more visit: http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/viet-nam-investment-policy.htm
The Jordan Competitiveness and Investment project supports the Government of Jordan in strengthening the reform implementation capacity of selected institutions responsible for investment policy, promotion and services.
These highlights from the OECD Investment Policy Review of Myanmar were presented by Stephen Thomsen at launch events in Myanmar on the 1 and 4 March 2014. Myanmar's Union Minister of National Planning and Economic Development, Dr. Kan Zaw, praised the comprehensive nature of the report and said that it would help to guide the government in solidifying investment climate reforms and in promoting more and better investment.
Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/investment-policy-reform-in-myanmar.htm
Hélène François looks at investment law reform in Southeast Asia. This presentation was made at the 2nd meeting of the Regional Policy Network on Investment, on 9 December 2015.
Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/seasia.htm - http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/mne/pfi.htm - http://www.oecd.org/globalrelations/seaforum.htm
Promoting responsible business conduct: The OECD Guidelines for Multinational...Pamela Duffin
As part of its work to implement the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, the OECD produces country reports that examine the role of responsible business conduct in building healthy business environments. These reports provide concise and basic information to investors on the existing responsible business conduct expectations in the featured countries. This presentation looks at the business case for promoting responsible business conduct and highlights OECD guidance and mechanisms for achieving this.
Find out more about the OECD work on responsible business conduct at http://mneguidelines.oecd.org/
This presentation by Adrian Blundell-Wignall was prepared for a session at COP21 on "Governance of Institutional Investments: Fiduciary standards for addressing green finance and the portfolio impact of climate change".
Find out more:
http://www.oecd.org/finance/COP21session-GovernanceofinstitutionalinvestmentsFiduciarystandardsforaddressinggreenfinanceandtheportfolioimpactofclimatechange.htm
http://www.oecd.org/daf/
This presentation by the OECD Competition Division was made during the discussion on "Independence of competition authorities - from designs to practices" held at the 15th Global Forum on Competition on 1 December 2016. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/competition/globalforum/independence-of-competition-authorities.htm
This presentation outlines the investment policy review process that the government of Viet Nam is undertaking in partnership with the the OECD and ASEAN as part of an active programme of investment policy reforms.
To find out more visit: http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/viet-nam-investment-policy.htm
Session (Part 1) by Randall Jones, Head of Japan/Korea Desk, OECD Economics Department.
The growth of global value chains (GVCs) has increased the interconnectedness of economies. We understand that emerging economies in Southeast Asia play a pivotal role in the global economy. This session will provide you with the latest OECD analysis on the regional economy and on the key challenges it faces in light of regional integration.
International trade, which used to be a leading driver of economic growth, is now lagging behind, as world trade growth slowed down to around 2% in 2015. Two decades prior to the 2008 crisis, world trade growth annually registered at 7%. Many factors are at play – both cyclical and structural – but their effects are posing risks to the emerging and developing economies in Asia, where trade growth is currently relatively robust. Regional free trade agreements, notably the Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, will also influence trade in Asia, and will certainly have implications for the global value chains of specific industries, including in those countries not belonging to the new regional agreements. Strengthening regional ties by 2025 is one of Asia’s most important agendas. This can be made more effective by building on important and positive achievements through ASEAN, ASEAN+3 and ASEAN+6 and making greater efforts to improve co-ordination between regional and sub-regional initiatives and national agendas, reduce disparities in the region, move towards a “Global ASEAN” and strengthen monitoring capacity. Additionally, addressing issues of green growth, renewable energy and private sector development will be particularly important to Asia’s success in regional integration.
This presentation outlines the investment policy review process that the government of Lao PDR is undertaking in partnership with the the OECD and ASEAN as part of an active programme of investment policy reforms.
To find out more visit: http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/lao-pdr-investment-policy.htm
This presentation provides an overview of the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas. The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas.
Visit https://mneguidelines.oecd.org/mining.htm for more information
Visit the website for the Forum on responsible mineral supply chains https://mneguidelines.oecd.org/icglr-oecd-un-forum.htm
The implications of State Aid can affect businesses operating within the EU, to protect your business it is vital to understand the risks in terms of both tax and corporate arrangements.
Trade and investment in natural mineral resources hold great potential for generating income, growth and prosperity, sustaining livelihoods and fostering local development. However, a large share of these resources is located in conflict-affected and high-risk areas. In these areas, exploitation of natural mineral resources can be a significant part of the economy and may contribute, directly or indirectly, to armed conflict, human rights violations and hinder economic and social development.
The OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas clarifies how companies can identify and better manage risks throughout the entire mineral supply chain, from miners, local exporters and mineral processors to the manufacturing and brand-name companies that use these minerals in their products.
Find out more about the OECD Due Diligence Guidance and our multi-stakeholder implementation process http://mneguidelines.oecd.org/mining.htm
EU-CHINA CIA: what do we know and what are the risksAEPF
Nathalie Bernascnii of the IISD in this PPT presents a briefing on the EU-China investments and the risks these carry. She also shows China's role and position in international investment law and policy.
The Policy Framework for Investment (PFI) is a non-prescriptive tool for improving investment policy for development. It helps governments to design and implement policy reforms to create a truly attractive, robust and competitive environment for domestic and foreign investment. The OECD is currently conducting a multi-stakeholder update of this instrument ensure its continued impact in a world that has significantly changed over the past seven years.
Find out more about the PFI and the update process at http://www.oecd.org/investment/pfi.htm
This presentation by Johan Hedelin was made at the workshop on Competition in Publicly Funded Markets (28 February 2019). Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/workshop-on-competition-in-publicly-funded-markets.htm
To address the future separation of UK and EU law, all contracts should now include transitional Brexit and change/divergence of law provisions. This webinar is an update on the key areas including currency risk, customs and trade assumptions.
This presentation by Deborah Healy, Professor, Faculty of Law, University of New South Wales, was made during the discussion on “Competition law and state-owned enterprises”, held during the 17th OECD Global Forum on Competition on 30 November 2018. More documents and presentations on this topic can be found at oe.cd/csoes.
This presentation by Norwegian Competition Authority was made during the discussion on "Independence of competition authorities - from designs to practices" held at the 15th Global Forum on Competition on 1 December 2016. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/competition/globalforum/independence-of-competition-authorities.htm
This presentation by Prof. Allan Fels from the University of Melbourn, Australia was made during the discussion on "Independence of competition authorities - from designs to practices" held at the 15th Global Forum on Competition on 1 December 2016. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/competition/globalforum/independence-of-competition-authorities.htm
This presentation outlines the investment policy review process that the government of Viet Nam is undertaking in partnership with the the OECD and ASEAN as part of an active programme of investment policy reforms.
To find out more visit: http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/viet-nam-investment-policy.htm
The Jordan Competitiveness and Investment project supports the Government of Jordan in strengthening the reform implementation capacity of selected institutions responsible for investment policy, promotion and services.
These highlights from the OECD Investment Policy Review of Myanmar were presented by Stephen Thomsen at launch events in Myanmar on the 1 and 4 March 2014. Myanmar's Union Minister of National Planning and Economic Development, Dr. Kan Zaw, praised the comprehensive nature of the report and said that it would help to guide the government in solidifying investment climate reforms and in promoting more and better investment.
Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/investment-policy-reform-in-myanmar.htm
Hélène François looks at investment law reform in Southeast Asia. This presentation was made at the 2nd meeting of the Regional Policy Network on Investment, on 9 December 2015.
Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/seasia.htm - http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/mne/pfi.htm - http://www.oecd.org/globalrelations/seaforum.htm
Promoting responsible business conduct: The OECD Guidelines for Multinational...Pamela Duffin
As part of its work to implement the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, the OECD produces country reports that examine the role of responsible business conduct in building healthy business environments. These reports provide concise and basic information to investors on the existing responsible business conduct expectations in the featured countries. This presentation looks at the business case for promoting responsible business conduct and highlights OECD guidance and mechanisms for achieving this.
Find out more about the OECD work on responsible business conduct at http://mneguidelines.oecd.org/
This presentation by Adrian Blundell-Wignall was prepared for a session at COP21 on "Governance of Institutional Investments: Fiduciary standards for addressing green finance and the portfolio impact of climate change".
Find out more:
http://www.oecd.org/finance/COP21session-GovernanceofinstitutionalinvestmentsFiduciarystandardsforaddressinggreenfinanceandtheportfolioimpactofclimatechange.htm
http://www.oecd.org/daf/
This presentation by the OECD Competition Division was made during the discussion on "Independence of competition authorities - from designs to practices" held at the 15th Global Forum on Competition on 1 December 2016. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at www.oecd.org/competition/globalforum/independence-of-competition-authorities.htm
This presentation outlines the investment policy review process that the government of Viet Nam is undertaking in partnership with the the OECD and ASEAN as part of an active programme of investment policy reforms.
To find out more visit: http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/viet-nam-investment-policy.htm
Session (Part 1) by Randall Jones, Head of Japan/Korea Desk, OECD Economics Department.
The growth of global value chains (GVCs) has increased the interconnectedness of economies. We understand that emerging economies in Southeast Asia play a pivotal role in the global economy. This session will provide you with the latest OECD analysis on the regional economy and on the key challenges it faces in light of regional integration.
International trade, which used to be a leading driver of economic growth, is now lagging behind, as world trade growth slowed down to around 2% in 2015. Two decades prior to the 2008 crisis, world trade growth annually registered at 7%. Many factors are at play – both cyclical and structural – but their effects are posing risks to the emerging and developing economies in Asia, where trade growth is currently relatively robust. Regional free trade agreements, notably the Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, will also influence trade in Asia, and will certainly have implications for the global value chains of specific industries, including in those countries not belonging to the new regional agreements. Strengthening regional ties by 2025 is one of Asia’s most important agendas. This can be made more effective by building on important and positive achievements through ASEAN, ASEAN+3 and ASEAN+6 and making greater efforts to improve co-ordination between regional and sub-regional initiatives and national agendas, reduce disparities in the region, move towards a “Global ASEAN” and strengthen monitoring capacity. Additionally, addressing issues of green growth, renewable energy and private sector development will be particularly important to Asia’s success in regional integration.
This presentation outlines the investment policy review process that the government of Lao PDR is undertaking in partnership with the the OECD and ASEAN as part of an active programme of investment policy reforms.
To find out more visit: http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/lao-pdr-investment-policy.htm
This presentation provides an overview of the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas. The OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. This Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas.
Visit https://mneguidelines.oecd.org/mining.htm for more information
Visit the website for the Forum on responsible mineral supply chains https://mneguidelines.oecd.org/icglr-oecd-un-forum.htm
The implications of State Aid can affect businesses operating within the EU, to protect your business it is vital to understand the risks in terms of both tax and corporate arrangements.
Trade and investment in natural mineral resources hold great potential for generating income, growth and prosperity, sustaining livelihoods and fostering local development. However, a large share of these resources is located in conflict-affected and high-risk areas. In these areas, exploitation of natural mineral resources can be a significant part of the economy and may contribute, directly or indirectly, to armed conflict, human rights violations and hinder economic and social development.
The OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas clarifies how companies can identify and better manage risks throughout the entire mineral supply chain, from miners, local exporters and mineral processors to the manufacturing and brand-name companies that use these minerals in their products.
Find out more about the OECD Due Diligence Guidance and our multi-stakeholder implementation process http://mneguidelines.oecd.org/mining.htm
EU-CHINA CIA: what do we know and what are the risksAEPF
Nathalie Bernascnii of the IISD in this PPT presents a briefing on the EU-China investments and the risks these carry. She also shows China's role and position in international investment law and policy.
The Policy Framework for Investment (PFI) is a non-prescriptive tool for improving investment policy for development. It helps governments to design and implement policy reforms to create a truly attractive, robust and competitive environment for domestic and foreign investment. The OECD is currently conducting a multi-stakeholder update of this instrument ensure its continued impact in a world that has significantly changed over the past seven years.
Find out more about the PFI and the update process at http://www.oecd.org/investment/pfi.htm
This presentation by Johan Hedelin was made at the workshop on Competition in Publicly Funded Markets (28 February 2019). Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/workshop-on-competition-in-publicly-funded-markets.htm
To address the future separation of UK and EU law, all contracts should now include transitional Brexit and change/divergence of law provisions. This webinar is an update on the key areas including currency risk, customs and trade assumptions.
This presentation by Deborah Healy, Professor, Faculty of Law, University of New South Wales, was made during the discussion on “Competition law and state-owned enterprises”, held during the 17th OECD Global Forum on Competition on 30 November 2018. More documents and presentations on this topic can be found at oe.cd/csoes.
The OECD works to ensure that state-owned enterprises SOEs operate in a sound competitive and regulatory environment to promote efficient and open markets at the domestic and international level. National reforms are guided by the internationally-agreed OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of SOEs.
Find out more at www.oecd.org/daf/ca/soemarket.htm
OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-owned enterprises: the instr...OECDglobal
Panel 4: Dr. Ashraf GAMAL CEO, Hawkamah Institute for Corporate Governance, "OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-owned enterprises: the instrument and its 2015 revision"; Enhancing Integrity for Business Development in the Middle East and North Africa, 18 April 2016, Paris, France, Session 4
Unpacking local content requirements in the extractive sectorIsabelle Ramdoo
The E15 Initiative Expert Group on Trade and Investment in the Extractive Sector commissioned a paper on local content requirements. This presentation outlines the key elements of the Paper and unpacks the key characteristics of local content requirements.
This presentation by Competition Commission South Africa was made during Break-out Session 3: Creating Legitimacy in the framework of the discussion on “Overcoming adversity and attaining success: Small and developing competition agencies” held at the 16th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2017. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/sda.
Beyond Doing Business: the Unfinished Investment Climate Reform Agenda in Uzb...Mirzo Ibragimov
A presentation was delivered by Mrs Stefka Slavova, Lead Economist, Trade and Competitiveness Global Practice at the World Bank, on 8 November 2017, in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Calibrating the Pulse of Competition Law in Indiaelithomas202
Our recent survey indicates that more than 80% of Indian enterprises are unaware about Competition Law, the effect it seeks to achieve and the likely consequences of contravening it.
This presentation by the Philippine Competition Commission was made during Break-out Session 1: Advocacy in the framework of the discussion on “Overcoming adversity and attaining success: Small and developing competition agencies” held at the 16th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2017. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/sda.
Presentation by Sean Ennis, Senior Economist, OECD Competition Division, at the II Competition and Regulation Forum: “Reaching for market efficiency” which took place in Mexico on 9-10 January 2018. Further information is available at www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/.
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...Sangyun Lee
Presentation slides for a session held on June 4, 2024, at Kyoto University. This presentation is based on the presenter’s recent paper, coauthored with Hwang Lee, Professor, Korea University, with the same title, published in the Journal of Business Administration & Law, Volume 34, No. 2 (April 2024). The paper, written in Korean, is available at <https://shorturl.at/GCWcI>.
This presentation by Antonio Capobianco, OECD Secretariat, on the Benefits of Competition Policy for a National Economy, was made during the launch of the report on the "Mexican Competition Assessment in the Gas Sector" held on 23 July 2019 in Mexico. More information on the report and the highlights brochure in English and Spanish can be found out at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/oecd-competition-assessment-mexico-2019.htm.
This presentation by the Competition Commission of Malaysia was made during Break-out Session 1: Advocacy in the framework of the discussion on “Overcoming adversity and attaining success: Small and developing competition agencies” held at the 16th meeting of the OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2017. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/sda.
Disruptive innovations raise questions for competition law enforcement, for instance when considering mergers between disruptive innovators and incumbents, or exclusionary conduct by incumbents against innovators. Incumbents not only have an incentive to destroy an innovation by merger or exclusion, but might also inadvertently kill it through acquisition. This presentation on Competition and Disruptive Innovation was made by Antonio Gomes, Head of the OECD Competition Division was made at the 7th ASEAN Competition Conference held in Malaysia in 8-9 March - http://7thacc.com/.
Find out more about OECD work on competition law and policy http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/
Collapsing Narratives: Exploring Non-Linearity • a micro report by Rosie WellsRosie Wells
Insight: In a landscape where traditional narrative structures are giving way to fragmented and non-linear forms of storytelling, there lies immense potential for creativity and exploration.
'Collapsing Narratives: Exploring Non-Linearity' is a micro report from Rosie Wells.
Rosie Wells is an Arts & Cultural Strategist uniquely positioned at the intersection of grassroots and mainstream storytelling.
Their work is focused on developing meaningful and lasting connections that can drive social change.
Please download this presentation to enjoy the hyperlinks!
Suzanne Lagerweij - Influence Without Power - Why Empathy is Your Best Friend...Suzanne Lagerweij
This is a workshop about communication and collaboration. We will experience how we can analyze the reasons for resistance to change (exercise 1) and practice how to improve our conversation style and be more in control and effective in the way we communicate (exercise 2).
This session will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
Abstract:
Let’s talk about powerful conversations! We all know how to lead a constructive conversation, right? Then why is it so difficult to have those conversations with people at work, especially those in powerful positions that show resistance to change?
Learning to control and direct conversations takes understanding and practice.
We can combine our innate empathy with our analytical skills to gain a deeper understanding of complex situations at work. Join this session to learn how to prepare for difficult conversations and how to improve our agile conversations in order to be more influential without power. We will use Dave Gray’s Empathy Mapping, Argyris’ Ladder of Inference and The Four Rs from Agile Conversations (Squirrel and Fredrick).
In the session you will experience how preparing and reflecting on your conversation can help you be more influential at work. You will learn how to communicate more effectively with the people needed to achieve positive change. You will leave with a self-revised version of a difficult conversation and a practical model to use when you get back to work.
Come learn more on how to become a real influencer!
Mastering the Concepts Tested in the Databricks Certified Data Engineer Assoc...SkillCertProExams
• For a full set of 760+ questions. Go to
https://skillcertpro.com/product/databricks-certified-data-engineer-associate-exam-questions/
• SkillCertPro offers detailed explanations to each question which helps to understand the concepts better.
• It is recommended to score above 85% in SkillCertPro exams before attempting a real exam.
• SkillCertPro updates exam questions every 2 weeks.
• You will get life time access and life time free updates
• SkillCertPro assures 100% pass guarantee in first attempt.
This presentation, created by Syed Faiz ul Hassan, explores the profound influence of media on public perception and behavior. It delves into the evolution of media from oral traditions to modern digital and social media platforms. Key topics include the role of media in information propagation, socialization, crisis awareness, globalization, and education. The presentation also examines media influence through agenda setting, propaganda, and manipulative techniques used by advertisers and marketers. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of surveillance enabled by media technologies on personal behavior and preferences. Through this comprehensive overview, the presentation aims to shed light on how media shapes collective consciousness and public opinion.
Semin Park_Competition law enforcement in Asia and globalization
1. COMPETITION LAW ENFORCEMENT IN
ASIA AND GLOBALISATION
Semin Park
OECD Competition Division
* The views expressed in the slides are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the
OECD and the KFTC(Korea Fair Trade Commission)
2. • Given Asia’s diversity, there are significant differences across the
competition regimes in Asian countries in both substantive and
procedural aspects.
• There are many positive steps being taken by competition authorities in
Asia to enhance enforcement of competition law.
• The enactment of competition laws in Asia continues to grow.
– Hong Kong, China (Competition Ordinance, enacted in 2015).
– Philippines (The Philippine Competition Act, 2015)
– Myanmar (The Competition Law, 2015)
– Brunei (The Competition Order, 2016)
– Laos (The Law on Business Competition, 2015)
– Malaysia (The Malaysian Competition Act, 2010)
– China (Anti-monopoly Law, 2008)
The Evolving Landscape of Competition
Law in Asia
2
3. • Further developments in some countries
– Vietnam’s revised competition law (scheduled to take effect in 2019)
• Introduction of a Leniency programme
• Consolidation of competition authorities
• Explicit inclusion of foreign firms
• Introduction of “Significant Market Power” criteria for determining
dominance.
– Thailand’ s new Trade Competition Act (took effect on 5 October 2017)
• Application to state-owned enterprises and their subsidiaries
• New merger control (dual merger control system)
• Consolidation of competition authorities
• Defining market-dominant business operator
– Indonesia’s competition authority has been pushing for amendments
The Evolving Landscape of Competition
Law in Asia
3
4. The Evolving Landscape of Competition
Law in Asia
4
Source: OECD (2012), “Looking to 2060: A Global Vision of Long-Term Growth”, OECD Economics Department Policy Notes, No. 15 November 2012.
5. • There have been concerns that countries use competition law
for protectionism.
– Example: the European Commission’s decision on the merger between
GE and Honeywell (2001).
• Also some critics raised concerns that the enforcement of
competition law in Asia was being used to pursue industrial
policy goals.
– Report of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce on China’s Anti-Monopoly
Law Application and the Role of Industrial Policy (2014)
Competition Law in Asia and Anti-globalisation
5
6. • Antitrust enforcement
– Merger
• Example: China’s Ministry of Commerce’s decision to prohibit the merger
between Coca-Cola and Huiyuan (2009)
– Anticompetitive practices
• Antitrust probe to foreign companies
• Heavy fines on foreign companies
• Antitrust regulations
– SOE’s exemption from the application of competition law
– Support for Export Cartels
– Broad language and a lack of clarity
Competition Law in Asia and Anti-globalisation
6
7. • Dominant position of many foreign firms in Asian markets.
– Higher fines due to larger size and revenues
• Agency inexperience and a lack of resources
– Some agencies in infancy and nascent stages and the lack of experts
• Difference 0f competition law objectives
– The public interest and the development of a socialist market economy; To
heighten the level of employment
• A lack of transparency and due process
– Authorities in Asia start investigating complex cases and we have seen high
profile cases against foreign firms with procedural fairness issues raised in Asia.
• Insufficient independence
– Intervention by Ministry of Trade or Industry in charge of industrial policy
Possible explanations
7
8. Due process and Transparency
• Detailed guidelines
– Introduce or revise public guidelines, giving more insight into the
agencies’ enforcement policies and practices
• Example: Merger guidelines, Antirust fine guidelines.
• An agency decision: (a) is provided in writing (b) in
sufficient detail so as to identify the basis and rationale
for the decision
Independence
• Strategic steer by Ministers and independence
• Decision-making remains fully independent from external
influence including Government
Suggestions
8
9. Thank you for your attention!
Semin Park
semin.park@oecd.org
9