Semantic web2

Little Known Facts

• Harrison Ford Played Hans Solo
• Harrison Ford Played in Rolling Stones
• Harrison Ford Played Duke Nukem

Harrison Ford Played Hans Solo

Harrison Ford Played in Rolling Stones

Harrison Ford

Harrison Ford Played Duke Nukem

Movie and Character

Video Game

Http://Dictionary.reference.com
/browse/played/?s=t&def=22

http://Dictionary.reference.com

PLAYED
http://Dictionary.reference.com

Http://Dictionary.reference.com

(triple)

(Triple)

26

(triple)

27

Lets eliminate the duplicate data
wikp:

dict:
27
26

ibdb:

wikp = en.wikipedia.org/wiki
dict = dictionary.reference.com/browse/
Ibdb = www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=
Long Name Short Name

wikp:
wikp:Harrison_ford
wikp:Hans_Solo
wikp:Harrison_ford_(silent_film_actor)
wikp:Duke_Nukem

dict:
22 dict:played?s=t&def=22

ibdb:

ibdb:7057

wikp:Harrison_ford dict:played?s=t&def=22 wikp:Hans_Solo

wikp:Harrison_ford_(silent_film_actor) dict:played?s=t&def=26 ibdb:7057


wikp:Harrison_ford dict:played?s=t&def=27 wikp:Duke_Nukem


Resource Description Framework
a framework for representing information in the Web.
- W3C

a framework for describing data through the “subject > predicate >
object” relationships. Where the “predicate” and “Object” can be
subsequent “Subjects” of more detailed descriptions (RDF is the idea
of “triples”). All Subject, Predicates, and Objects are defined by either
URI or Literals
- Me

“This is admittedly a pretty odd use of the word resource, but
alternatives like entity or thing, which might be more accurate, Have
their own issues. In any case, resource is the word used In semantics

-Semantic web for the working ontologist
Jim Hendler and Dean Allemang

“Played in” verses “Played”
http://Dictionary.reference.com/browse/played/?s=t&def=26

“Played In”

“Portrayed an character in”
“Played”

i n”
y ed
“ Pla
for
o m
ary.c wikp:Rollingstone,_Minnesota
t io n
n Dic
g i
thi n
No

RDFS = Resource Definition
Framework
Schema Language

Make one up
http://Art-Nicewicks-URL-Used-To-Globally-Define-Terms.comPlayedIn

Ipaddress 111.222.333.444 = Art-Nicewicks-URL-Used-To-Globally-Define-Terms.com
111.222.333.444Playin

Is there a easy way for me to say what this term “Playedin” means, without
Having to put up a website? … Is there some way I could just say a little
Data about the data …. Hmm … Metadata …

Note: Tim Berneers –lee wants all URIURL assigned

RDF schema
RDF Schema – Metadata about the data
There is a schema definition vocabulary for triples at “www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_”
rdfs = www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_”

myTerm = Art-Nicewicks-URL-Used-To-Globally-Define-Terms.com

MyTerm:playedIn rdfs:Label “Portrayed an character in”

Lets also use •dict:played?s=t&def=22
RDFS:Label to make •dict:played?s=t&def=26
•dict:played?s=t&def=27
it more readable •ibdb:7057
•wikp:Duke_Nukem

I’d like to say
“dict:played?s=t&def=22” RDFS:label “Acted”
“dict:played?s=t&def=27” RDFS:label “Played a Game”
“ibdb:7057” RDFS:label “The 1918 play called Rolling Stones”
“wikp:Duke_Nukem” RDFS:label “Duke Nukem the Video Game”

Our Triple Store
(Ambiguous)

Subject Predicate Object

• Harrison Ford Played Hans Solo
• Harrison Ford Played in Rolling Stones
• Harrison Ford Played Duke Nukem

Our Triple Store(Not Ambiguous)
dict:played?s=t&def=22 Rdfs:label “Acted ”
dict:played?s=t&def=27 Rdfs:label “Played a Game”
myTerm:PlayedIn Rdfs:label “Portrayed an character in”
ibdb:7057 Rdfs:label “The 1918 play called Rolling Stones”
wikp:Duke_Nukem” Rdfs:label “Duke Nukem the Video Game”
wikp:Harrison_ford_
myTerm:PlayedIn ibdb:7057
(silent_film_actor)


myTerm = Art-Nicewicks-URL-Used-To-Globally-Define-Terms.com

Our Triple Store
(Not Ambiguous)
ibdb:7057 Rdfs:label “The 1918 play called Rolling Stones”
wikp:Duke_Nukem” Rdfs:label “Duke Nukem the Video Game”
myTerm:PlayedIn Rdfs:label “Portrayed an character in”

dict:played?s=t&def=27 Rdfs:label “Played a Game”
wikp:Harrison_ford_ Rdfs:label “Harrison Ford of silent movies”
(silent_film_actor)

wikp:Harrison_ford_ myTerm:PlayedIn ibdb:7057
(silent_film_actor)

Harrison Ford of the silent movies portrayed an character in The 1918 play called “Rolling Stones”

GRAPH

- http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/

Triples and Graphs

Topics to cover: Blank Node, Literal, Property, Graph

W3C (Everything is a Resource)

Our Graph
Triple wikp:Harrison_ford dict:played?s=t&def=22 wikp:Hans_Solo

Harrison Ford
Subject

Predicate
Played
AKA: Property

Object
“Hans Solo”

Lets collect a little more info (“is a”)
Harrison Ford is a Male Actor

Harrison Ford is a Male Actor

is a Video Game

is a Play

Creating Classes (Rdf:type)
rdf:Type (AKA “is a” or “a”)
wikp:Harrison_ford
wikp:Actor

wikp:Harrison_ford_(silent_film_actor) rdf:Type

wikp:Duke_Nukem” rdf:Type wikp:Video_game

ibdb:7057 rdf:Type

wikp:Play_theator
Rdfs:label

“The 1918 play called
Rolling Stones”

Actor Table Type = Class ~= Table
Primary Key Name BirthDate BirthPlace
wikp:Harrison_ford Harrison Ford 7/13/1942 Illinois
wikp:Harrison_ford_
Harrison Ford 3/18/1884 Kansas
(silent_film_actor)

wikp:Brad_Pitt William Brad Pitt 12/18/1963 Oklahoma

Subject Predicate Object Triple
<wikp:Brad_Pitt> Rdf:Type Actor
<wikp:Brad_Pitt> dbpedia2:birthPlace "Shawnee, Oklahoma, U.S."@en
<wikp:Brad_Pitt> dbpedia2:dateOfBirth "1963-12-18"^^xsd:date
<wikp:Brad_Pitt> dbpedia2:name "Pitt, William Bradley"@en
<wikp:Harrison_Ford> Rdf:Type Actor

<wikp:Harrison_Ford> dbpedia2:birthPlace "Chicago, Illinois, U.S."@en
<wikp:Harrison_Ford> dbpedia2:dateOfBirth "1942-07-13"^^xsd:date

<wikp:Harrison_Ford> dbpedia2:name "Ford, Harrison"@en

<wikp:Harrison_Ford(Silent_File_Actor)> Rdf:Type Actor

<wikp:Harrison_Ford(Silent_File_Actor)> dbpedia2:name "Ford, Harrison"@en
...

What about the other “Rolling Stones”
Rolling Stones is a Music Group

Rdf:Type

Predicate
(AKA: Property)

“Table Columns ? ”

Rolling Stones has
29 rdf:type

schema.org ??
Dbpedia.org ??

Lets collect a little more info (“is a”)

“Played” is a type of pretending

Hans Solo is a fictional character

Star Wars is a http://dbpedia.org/ontology/Film

Hans Solo is a character in the movie “star wars”

is a character in is a participation

Our Graph (now we can infer)
Is a

Inference

Is a type of
Played In

Properties
A character In Have classes
Is a
Is a Is a
type of

“Participation”

Properties and Classes
“Show”

“Film”

Rdfs:subClassOf

“Pretending”

“Acting”

Rdfs:subPropertyOf

“Movie Star” “Movie”

Domain Range
“property “values of a
Instance property”
of class”

“Performs In”
(Subject)
“Rdfs:Type” “Rdfs:Type”

“Performs In”
(Property)

<wikp:Harrison_Ford> PerformedIn StarWars
PerformedIn Rdfs:Domain MovieStars
PerformedIn Rdfs:Range StarWars

<wikp:Brad_Pitt> dbpedia2:name "Pitt, William Bradley”

Simple

Typed

<wikp:Brad_Pitt> dbpedia2:dateOfBirth "1963-12-18"^^xsd:date
xsd:date Rdf:type Rdfs:DataType
Rdfs:XMLLiteral Rdf:subClassOf Rdfs:DataType Triple

rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-
rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:ex="http://example.org/stuff/1.0/">
<rdf:Description
rdf:about="http://example.org/item01">
<ex:prop rdf:parseType="Literal"
xmlns:a="http://example.org/a#"><a:Box
required="true"> <a:widget size="10" />
<a:grommit id="23" /></a:Box> </ex:prop>
</rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>

Xsd:Date Rdf:type Rdfs:DataType

Rdfs:subClassOf Rdfs:subClassOf

Actor

Extra
Movie Star

A break, to tell you what I don’t
want to talk about

URI vs IRI vs URI

N3 vs RDFXML vs Turtle

http://journal.webscience.org/475/1/98_paper.pdf

Lets look at Dbpedia – First we need
A Query … SPARQL ~ SQL
SELECT Subject , ?Predicate , ?Object
FROM Subject_Predicate_Object_Table
WHERE
{ Subject =
“<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Harrison_Ford>"
and Not required in
?Predicate like ‘%’ and SQL, but we’ll leave
It here to help show
?Object like ‘%’ The differences
}

1. The “from” is defaulted
2. The position infers the “Subject =“
3. No Quotes around URL
4. Use “{}” instead of ()

WHERE
{ Subject =
“<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Harrison_Ford>"
and
?Predicate like ‘%’ and
?Object like ‘%’
}

5. Only the positional values with “?” in front are
inferred in the select list
6. No comma between items in select list
7. The “and” is inferred
8. The “like ‘%’” is inferred
WHERE
{ Subject =
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Harrison_Ford>
and
?Predicate like ‘%’ and
?Object like ‘%’
}

SPARQL
SELECT
?Predicate
?Object
WHERE
{
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Harrison_Ford> ?
Predicate
?Object
}

SELECT ?Predicate ?Object WHERE
{<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Harrison_Ford> ?Predicate ?Object }

Predicate Object

SELECT ?Subject ?Predicate WHERE
{<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Harrison_Ford> ?Subject ? ?Predicate }

Predicate Object

Sparql Queries
The movies that were written by one of Harrison Fords wives ?

SELECT ?s ?p ?o WHERE
{
{
:Harrison_Ford dbpedia2:spouse ?o.
?s <http://dbpedia.org/property/writer> ?o
}
}
order by ?s

s callret-1 o
:E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial dbpedia2:writer :Melissa_Mathison
:Kundun dbpedia2:writer :Melissa_Mathison
:The_Black_Stallion_%28film%29
dbpedia2:writer :Melissa_Mathison

:The_Escape_Artist dbpedia2:writer :Melissa_Mathison
:Twilight_Zone:_The_Movie dbpedia2:writer :Melissa_Mathison

Any Other repositories
SELECT ?s owl:sameAs ?o WHERE
{:Harrison_Ford owl:sameAs ?o.}

callret-0 callret-1 o
:Harrison_Ford owl:sameAs <
http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvup_m5wpE
:Harrison_Ford owl:sameAs >
<http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m/0c0k1>

:Harrison_Ford owl:sameAs <http://data.linkedmdb.org/resource/actor/755>

Freebase or DBPedia
Both extract structured data from Wikipedia and make it available as RDF
Freebase and dbpedia have different schemas, different identifiers, and different
goals.
Freebase imports data from a wide variety of sources, not just Wikipedia, whereas
DBPedia focuses on just Wikipedia data

DBPedia is funded by grants/sponsorships from various organisations, while
Freebase is run by Metaweb, an incorporated company.

DBpedia has strong connections to the Semantic Web research community.
Freebase has strong connections to the open data / startup community.
DBpedia tools are developed by 3rd parties and the open-source community.
Freebase tools are developed by Metaweb and the Freebase community.

DBpedia lets you query its data via a SPARQL end point
Freebase lets you query its data via an MQL API

YAGO Beatles' wives born before Woodstock and near London

RPI Logd http://logd.tw.rpi.edu

RPI Logd results from Sparql Query

Data.gov Sparql service (Types)

RDFa (Query the web pages)
<html> <html>
<head> ... </head> <body> ... <head> ... </head>
Wikinomics <body> ...
 <div xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
Don Tapscott xmlns:my=" http://www.myURL.com/"
 about=“my:Page001”
2006-10-01 Wikinomics
 
</body> Don Tapscott
2006-10-01
</div> </body>

exec 'SELECT * WHERE { ?s ?p ?o }' --data ‘www.myURL.com/Page001'
My:Page001 <dc:title> “Wikinomics”
My:Page001 <dc:creator> “Don Tapscott”
My:Page001 <dc:date> “2006-10-01”

Drupal (Most popular CMS )
*1

*1 Wordpress is much larger, but classified as blog

OWL
Web Ontology Language

callret-0 callret-1 o
:Harrison_Ford owl:sameAs <
http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvup_m5wpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
:Harrison_Ford owl:sameAs >
<http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m/0c0k1>
:Harrison_Ford owl:sameAs <http://data.linkedmdb.org/resource/actor/755>

rdf:type owl:Thing -
rdf:type dbpedia:ontology/Person -
rdf:type <http://schema.org/Person> -
dbpedia:class/yago/Person100007846
rdf:type -

dbpedia:class/yago/AmericanFilmActors
rdf:type -

dbpedia:class/yago/AmericanConservationists
rdf:type -

rdf:type foaf:Person -
rdf:type dbpedia:class/yago/JewishActors -
rdf:type dbpedia:class/yago/LivingPeople -
dbpedia:class/yago/AmericanTelevisionActors
rdf:type -

rdf:type dbpedia:class/yago/AmericanAviators -
dbpedia:class/yago/ActorsFromCalifornia
rdf:type -

dbpedia:class/yago/AmericanActorsOfRussianDescent
rdf:type -

rdf:type <http://umbel.org/umbel/rc/Actor> -
rdf:type <http://umbel.org/umbel/rc/Artist> -
dbpedia:class/yago/PeopleFromLosAngeles,California
rdf:type -

dbpedia:class/yago/AmericanPeopleOfGermanDescent
rdf:type -

dbpedia:class/yago/AmericanPeopleOfIrishDescent
rdf:type -

dbpedia:class/yago/ActorsFromChicago,Illinois
rdf:type

rdf = www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_”

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