This document provides information about the history and development of Scouting. It discusses how Lord Baden-Powell created the Scouting movement after holding an experimental camp on Brownsea Island in 1907. It then covers the introduction and growth of Scouting in the United States, including how William D. Boyce brought Scouting to America after meeting a Scout in London in 1910. The document also summarizes the origins and development of Cub Scouting, Boy Scouting, and some of the milestone events and publications in early Scouting history.

1. Scouting Heritage
Merit Badge
Winter Camp 2023
Troop 1776
--Keith
Remack
(presentation c/o David Wille)
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2. Requirement
1
Discuss with your counselor the life and
times of Lord Baden-Powell of Gilwell.
Explain why he felt a program like
Scouting would be good for the young
men of his day. Include in your
discussion how Scouting was
introduced in the United States, and the
origins of Boy Scouting and Cub
Scouting under Baden-Powell.
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3. Lord Robert
Baden
Powell
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4. Grave in Nyeri, Kenya
4
What does
the circle
and dot
mean?

5. Developments of Boy Scouting
in England
1857: Robert Stephenson Smyth Powell is Born. His father, Baden Powell died when he was 3. Family
name was changed to honor his father.
1899: The Boer War is officially declared in October .
1899: Baden-Powell Publishes Aides to Scouting Upon his return in 1903, he found that teachers and
boys were using this book—it was a bestseller.
1907: Trial campout at Brownsea Island with 22 boys; the Boy Scout movement is born.
1908: Scouting for Boys is published.
1909: Scouting is started in almost the entire British Empire and the origins of the Boy Scouts of
America.
1910: Scouting starts in United States.
1914: Wolf Scouts and Brownie Guides are started.
1916: Wolf Cub book is published. Lady BP is named Commissioner of Girl Guides.

6. America: First Decade of the
20th Century
1903
First Flight at Kitty Hawk
First Message to Travel Around the
World
First Silent Movie, The Great Train
Robbery
First World Series
First License Plates Issued in the
U.S.
1904
New York City Subway Opens
1906
Kellogg's Starts Selling Corn Flakes
Upton Sinclair Writes The Jungle
1907
First Electric Washing Machine
1908
Ford Introduces the Model-T
SOS Accepted as Universal Distress
Signal
1909
Plastic Is Invented

7. Origins of Cub Scouting
• In 1916, Lord Baden-Powell created the Wolf Cubs
program for boys too young to join Boy Scouts
based upon “The Jungle Book” by Rudyard Kipling.
• The Brownie program for girls was created too.
• Cub Scouting started in the US in 1930 after
experimental programs started in 1918.
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8. William D. Boyce
• In 1909, Boyce traveled to London
on the way to a hunting safari
• He became lost in a fog. A Boy
Scout guided him to his
destination. The Boy Scout
declined a tip and explained he
was just doing his daily good
turn.
• Boyce was impressed and picked
up publications.
• On Feb 8, 1910, he incorporated
the Boy Scouts of America
• He gave $1000 per month and
required boys of all races and
religions be included.
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Introduction of Scouting to
the United States

9. Why did Powell think it would be
good?
• “There is a vast reserve of loyal patriotism and Christian
spirit lying dormant in our nation to-day, mainly because
it sees no direct opportunity for expressing itself ...”
• “In this joyous brotherhood there is vast opportunity open
to all ... It gives every man his chance of service for his
fellow-men and for God.“
• He wanted to train boys to be good men that would help
their fellow man. He wanted to train boys to be better
citizens.
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10. Requirement 2a
• 2. Do the following:
a. Give a short biographical summary of any TWO
of the following, and tell of their roles in how Scouting
developed and grew in the United States prior to 1940.
– Daniel Carter Beard
– William D. Boyce
– Waite Phillips
– Ernest Thompson Seton
– James E. West
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11. William D. Boyce
• Born 1858
• Grew up on Pennsylvania
Farm
• Newspaper Publisher in
Chicago—largest weekly
newspaper in U.S.—
Saturday Blade
• Believed in treating
newsboys right
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12. William D. Boyce
• In 1909, Boyce traveled to London
on the way to a hunting safari
• He became lost in a fog. A Boy
Scout guided him to his
destination. The Boy Scout
declined a tip and explained he
was just doing his daily good
turn.
• Boyce was impressed and picked
up publications.
• On Feb 8, 1910, he incorporated
the Boy Scouts of America
• He gave $1000 per month and
required boys of all races and
religions be included.
12

13. • Born: August 14, 1860 in
South Shield, Durham,
England.
• Artist, Naturalist, Story-Teller,
First Chief Scout of the Boy
Scouts of America
• Founder of the Woodcraft
Indians in 1902 and wrote the
Birch Bark Roll of the Outdoor
Life in 1906.
• In 1906 Seton met with Lord
Robert Baden- Powell during
a trip to England.
13
Ernest Thompson
Seton

14. • Along with Daniel Carter Beard’s
Sons of Daniel Boone, and other
youth movements and his own
Woodcraft Indians, the Boy Scouts
of America were founded in 1910.
• Seton served from 1910-1915 as a
member of the National Council of
the Boy Scouts of America as the
Chief Scout.
• Seton was a supporter of Cub
Scouts and argued for the adoption
of the program.
• Seton became President of the
Camp Fire Club of America for his
efforts in securing a Federal Charter
for the Camp Fire Girls.
• Seton died in 1946.
14
Ernest Thompson
Seton

15. 15
Daniel Carter
Beard
• Born: 1850 in Cincinnati, Ohio.
• Illustrator, author, youth leader, and
social reformer.
• Founder of the Sons of Daniel
Boone.
• Was named one of the first National
Commissioners of the BSA in 1910;
he served for 30 years.
• With Ernest Thompson Seton, their
work is considered the foundation
of Traditional Scouting.

16. 16
Daniel Carter
Beard
• Considered the founder of the
oldest and longest continuously
chartered troop by the Boy Scouts
of America. Troop 1 in Flushing, NY.
• Influential in the development of
Boy’s Life Magazine.
• Illustrator for two books by Mark
Twain: Connecticut Yankee in King
Arthur’s Court and Tom Sawyer:
Abroad
• He died in 1941.

17. Requirement 2b
• 2b. Discuss the significance to Scouting of any TWO of
the following:
– Brownsea Island
– The First World Scout Jamboree
– Boy Scout Handbook
– Boys' Life magazine
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18. Brownsea Island
• Brownsea Island is located off the coast of Dorset,
England. History of inhabitants of the Island go back
as early as the 9th Century A.D.
• It was on Brownsea Island in the first week of August,
1907 that Lord Robert Baden-Powell took a group of
young men to Brownsea for an experiment.
• Brownsea Island offered the greatest chance for
Powell to put his theories of scouting for men to the
test with boys.
• Following the success of the week long expedition,
Lord Robert Baden-Powell published Scouting for
Boys in 1908.

19. Brownsea Island

20. Scout Camp Daily Program
The daily program was as
follows:
• 6:00 a.m. Turn out, air bedding,
milk and biscuits
• 6:30 a.m. Exercises
• 7:00 a.m. Notices of day´s
activities with demonstrations
• 7:30 a.m. Clean camp
• 7:55 a.m. Parade
• Flag break followed by Prayers
• Breakfast
• 9:00 a.m. Scouting practices
• 12 noon Bathing
• 12:30 p.m. Lunch
 1-2:15 p.m. Rest
 2:30 p.m. Scouting practices
 5:00 p.m. Tea
 6:00 p.m. Camp games
 7:15 p.m. Rub down and
change
 8:00 p.m. Supper
 8:15 p.m. Campfire yarns.
 Short exercises ( breathing,
etc.)
 9:15 p.m. Prayers
 9:30 p.m. Turn in
 Lights out.

21. Scout Camp Daily
Program
Lord Robert Baden-Powell
used the Koodoo horn
(captured in Matabeland in
1896) to rouse the camp
and for signals; several
shorts notes meant
"Rally"; a long call meant
"Ready". This horn was
sounded by Lord Baden-
Powell at the opening of
the Coming of Age
Jamboree in 1929.

22. Boy Scout Handbook
• In 1908 Lord Robert Baden-Powell
published Scouting For Boys, a
follow up for young boys
interested in his book Aides to
Scouting For Non-Commissioned
Officers and Men. The book held
information regarding citizenship,
outdoor fun, and physical fitness.
• In America, the BSA originally
published the Original Edition in
1910. This book was intended as a
temporary handbook for Boys.
• Since 1911, the BSA has
published the Official Handbook
for Boys.
• In it Scouts can find information
regarding rank advancement,
outdoor activities, citizenship,
and all other Scouting activities.
• The Boy Scout Handbook is the
guide for all Scouts.
Photo Provided by National Scouting Museum
Archivist Steven Price

23. Boy Scout Handbook
• The Third Edition of the Handbook is published between 1927-1940. It is
the first handbook with a cover designed by Norman Rockwell. It is the
first major content revision.
• The Fifth Edition is published between 1949-1959. Contains new
advancement requirements as well as a new joining age of 11. It
introduces Scouts to lashings and the taut line hitch.
• The Sixth Edition was published between 1959-1965. Written by William
“Green Bar Bill” Hillcourt. The first handbook to contain no merit badge
requirements. And is the only cover with a painting by Norman Rockwell
specifically designed for a handbook.

24. Boy Scout Handbook
• The Eighth Edition of the Handbook was published between 1972-
1979. It contained a newly revamped Boy Scouting Program that
contained “skill awards” similar to the belt loops earned by Cub
Scouts. It is the first handbook with a cover painted by Joseph
Csatari.
• The Ninth Edition, 1979-1990, was also written by Hillcourt. It featured
a return to traditional Scouting skills.
• The Tenth Edition, published between 1990-1998, was the first to
feature color photographs and introduced Scouts to low-impact
camping.
• The Eleventh Edition, published between 1998 and 2009 introduces
GPS to Scouting.

25. Requirement 3
3. Discuss with your counselor how Scouting's programs
have developed over time and been adapted to fit different
age groups and interests (Cub Scouting, Boy Scouting,
Exploring, Venturing).
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26. Cub Scouting
• With the guidance of his friend Rudyard
Kipling’s children’s book The Jungle Book,
Lord Baden-Powell developed Cubbing in
1907 for younger boys.
• The first American Cub Scout packs were
chartered beginning in 1930 with
approximately 8,000 boys. The original
program was simply called “Cubbing” and
was later changed to Cub Scouts of America.
• Cub Scouts offers a program for boys 6-10
years old that helps them prepare for entering
the Boy Scout program.
• Cub Scouts is not a mandatory step to
becoming a Boy Scout.

27. Cub Scouting
• 4/1/1911: Boy Scout of America officially set the age to join Scouting at
12.
– Junior Troops began to be formed unofficially.
• 1916: Wolf Cubbing is officially adopted in England.
• 1918: the first Wolf Cub Pack is established in Montana
– 1920: a Wolf Cub Pack is established in Paris, Texas.
• Both James West and Dan Beard opposed the creation of a younger boy
program.

28. Cub Scouting
• 1927: American Cub Scouting officially receives support. Ernest
Thompson Seton contributes to the development.
• 1938: Bobcat Pin is introduced, only to be worn on civilian clothes.
• 1940’s:
– Webelos Rank is introduced for Cub Scouts age 11 ½ who had earned
Lion and completed several requirements for Tenderfoot.
– Cubbing renamed Cub Scouts
– 1948 Den Mothers required to be registered.
– 1949: membership age dropped to 8. Boy Scouts and Explorers follow
suit.
– Long Trousers are introduced as a part of the uniform in 1947.

29. Cub Scouting
• 1950’s:
– Webelos den for 10 year olds officially introduced.
– 1954: Wolf, Bear & Lion books revised.
– 1954: Pinewood Derby introduced.
• 1960’s:
– 2.7 million Cub Scouts at the start of 1960, 1.8 by years end. 30% drop.
– Webelos overhauled in 1967.
– Grade level, rather than age, is introduced for membership in Cub
Scouting (3rd grade.) 1967.
– Space Derby introduced.

30. Cub Scouting
• 1970’s:
– Emphasis on scouts with disabilities.
• 60,000 youths with disabilities enroll special units. 150,000 others join main
stream units.
• 1978: Age limit for the disabled are lifted, allowing individuals to continue
working past the age cut off.
– Cub Scout Promise is changed.
– Advancement program revised to focus on outdoor activities and family camping.
– Day Camp Schools start in 1975.
– Role of women in Scouting expanded in 1975.

31. Cub Scouting
• 1980’s:
– Golden Anniversary of Cub Scouts.
– 30 Millionth Cub Scout registered.
– Tiger Cub Scouts started.
• 1990’s:
– Academics were added to the Sports program.
– 1991:The Guide to Safe Scouting introduced in
– 1995: Tiger Cub program revised.
– 1996: Crime Prevention Program introduced.
– Garfield becomes official spokescat for the Cub Scouts.

32. Cub Scouting
• 2000’s:
– First Tiger Cub handbook introduced.
– Tiger Badge introduced.
– All Cub Scout handbooks are revised.
– August 2004: Hispanic Youth initiative started.

33. Boy Scouting
-1905: Daniel Carter Beard forms the Son’s of Daniel
Boone, an organization that will be influential in the
forming of the BSA.
-1906: Ernest Thompson Seton published the Birchbark
Roll of Woodcraft for his Woodcraft Indians. He sends a
copy to Lord B.P, which will be influential in his writing
of Scouting for Boys.
-1910: The Boy Scouts of America is officially incorporated
in New York on February 8th; the first headquarters is at
3 Park Ave., New York City, New York. Seton is named
Chief Scout, Beard becomes the first National
Commissioner, West is named Chief Scout Executive
and President Theodore Roosevelt is named Chief Scout
Citizen.
- The Founding mission is, “to teach [boys]
patriotism, courage, self-reliance, and kindred values.”
-

34. Boy Scouting
--The BSA issues the Handbook of Woodcraft, Scouting,
and Life-craft written by Ernest Thompson Seton and
contains much of B.P’s Scouting for Boys.
-14 merit badges are included in the first edition
including Ambulance,Clerk,Cyclist, Electrician, Fireman,
Gardener, Horseman, Marksman, Master-of-Arms,
Musician, Pioneer Seaman, Signaler , and Stalker.
-The first National Good Turn is introduced.
-The Scout Handbook contains the ranks of Tenderfoot,
Second class and First Class; a Scout who earns all 14
of the Merit Badges is awarded the Silver Wolf.

35. Boy Scouting: The Early
Years
• 1910- Boy Scouts of America is officially incorporated.
• 1911- Boy Scouts of America establish permanent
headquarters in New York City.
– The first award for Heroism is presented by the National
Court of Honor.
– The eagle appears on the BSA fleur de lis to make it
more American.
• 1913- BSA provides charters for councils and divides
the country into districts.
– A Scout is given the honor of reading the Gettysburg
Address at the 50th Anniversary celebration of the Battle
of Gettysburg.

36. Boy Scouting: The Early
Years
• 1914- The first Hornaday medal is awarded.
• 1915- The BSA begins publishing merit badge
pamphlets.
• 1916- June 15, Congress gives the Boy Scouts of
America a Federal Charter.
• 1940- Irving Berlin established the God Bless
America Foundation, which provides proceeds from
the sale of his song God Bless America to the Boy
Scouts and Girl Scouts of America.
• 1949- Following the Cub Scout Division, Boy
Scouting changes the minimum age requirement to
11.

37. Eagle Scout History
• In the June 1911 Handbook for Boys, the highest honor a Scout could
earn was the Silver Wolf Scout. This was changed to Eagle Scout by
August 1911.
• Arthur Eldred became the first Eagle Scout in August 1912 after
earning 21 merit badges by April 1912. He was one of 23 Scouts to
earn Eagle in 1912.
• Originally, Eagle Scout was awarded to any First Class scout to earn
twenty-one merit badges. Life and Star required 5 each and Eagle
required 11. Star and Life were reversed in 1925 to their present order:
Star, Life and Eagle.
• In 1927 service was added to Star, Life and Eagle. To earn Eagle you
had to be a First Class for a year. By the early 30’s that requirement
changed to 3 months as a First Class, 3 months as a Star and 6
months as a Life Scout.
• In 1948 a Life Scout had to show service by participating as a leader in
his troop’s meetings, outdoor activities and projects.
• By 1965 Scouts had to participate in Scoutmaster Conferences. Star
and Life Scouts had to plan and execute two service projects (a
conservation and community service project.) Eagle Scout required
you to do just one, but a far more extensive project.
• Eagle Palms were created in 1927 to satisfy those who wanted to
create ranks beyond Eagle Scout.

38. Varsity Scouting
• Founded in 1984, Varsity was developed to allow boys
aged 14-18 interested in sports and high adventure to
continue working on Boy Scout rank through special
Varsity units.
• The program faced a number of challenges, which
among other things saw the development of Varsity
Patrols and Venturing Patrols within Troops to address
older boy interests in Sports and High Adventure.
• Today, the Varsity Scouting program is devoted almost
entirely to the interest in Sports. Unlike it’s other Senior
Scouting brother programs, Varsity is for boys only.
• Varsity Scouting offers Scouts an alternative to the
traditional Troop structure, while still allowing Scouts to
work on rank advancement.

39. Exploring/Venturing
• 1912: Sea Scouting is begun in the United States. It is the first older boy
program established by the BSA.
– 1928- Sea Scout Paul Siple journeys to Antarctica with Admiral Byrd.
• 1933: BSA introduces Explorer Scouts, a land based version of Sea
Scouts.
• 1935: Senior Scouting Service is introduced; it overseas Sea and
Explorer Scouts as well as early alumni organizations like Alpha Phi
Omega.
• 1942: Air Scouting is introduced; it is disbanded in 1954.
• 1949: Explorers is formed out of a combination between Explorer Scouts
and Senior Scouting. Any boy registered with the BSA and at least 14 is
called an Explorer.

40. Exploring/Venturing
• 1959: After a University of Michigan study revealed boys 14-16 were less
interested in advancement and adopting changes to the Explorer
program, the BSA introduced the Exploring program.
• 1969: Modern Exploring is born after yet another study found that boys
were interested in learning more about career opportunities.
– Girls are permitted to participate in Exploring.
• 1971: Girls are given full membership in the Exploring Scouting program.
– It remains the only fully co-educational program within the BSA.
• 1998: Venturing is formed out of the Exploring program.
– Venturing encompasses the Hobby and High Adventure aspects of Exploring while the career
oriented program moved under Learning for Life.

41. Exploring/Venturing
• Venturing units allow young adults ages 14-21 to explore high adventure
and hobbies in specially created units. For those who are interested,
Venturing allows Scouts to work on rank advancement on their way to
earning the Silver Award.
• Venturing has a distinct leadership structure from Scouting.
– Venturing uses more generic club terms such as President, Vice President and Secretary.
• Girls make up around half of the total membership in Venturing.
• Venturers are permitted to attend the National High Adventure bases at
Philmont, Northern Tier and Sea Base.

42. Learning for Life Exploring
• In 1998 the Boy Scouts of America announced that the Exploring
Division was being renamed Venturing and that the career interest
Exploring program was being removed from the BSA to it’s
subsidiary Learning For Life.
• The largest career interest Exploring program is Police Exploring
although there are other career interest fields covered by the LFL
programs including Fire, EMS, et al.

43. Requirement 4
4c. Visit with someone in your council who is recognized as
a dedicated Scouting historian or memorabilia collector.
Learn what you can about the history of Boy Scouting. Give
a short report to your counselor on what you saw and
learned.
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44. Memorabilia Examples
44

45. Memorabilia Examples
45

46. Memorabilia Examples
46

47. Memorabilia Examples
47

48. Requirement 5
5. Learn about the history of your unit or Scouting in your
area. Interview at least two people (one from the past and
one from the present) associated with your troop. These
individuals could be adult unit leaders, Scouts, troop
committee members, or representatives of your troop's
chartered organization. Find out when your unit was
originally chartered. Create a report of your findings on the
history of your troop, and present it to your patrol or troop
or at a court of honor, and then add it to the troop's library.
This presentation could be in the form of an oral/written
report, an exhibit, a scrapbook, or a computer presentation
such as a slide show.
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49. Requirement 6
6. Make a collection of some of your personal patches and
other Scouting memorabilia. With their permission, you may
include items borrowed from family members or friends
who have been in Scouting in the past, or you may include
photographs of these items. Show this collection to your
counselor, and share what you have learned about items in
the collection. (There is no requirement regarding how
large or small this collection must be.)
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50. Requirement 7
7. Reproduce the equipment for an old-time Scouting game
such as those played at Brownsea Island. You may find one
on your own (with your counselor's approval), or pick one
from the Scouting Heritage merit badge pamphlet. Teach
and play the game with other Scouts.
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51. Kim’s game
• In his book Scouting Games Robert Baden-Powell, the founder of
Scouting, names the exercise Kim's Game and describes it as follows:
• The Scoutmaster should collect on a tray a number of articles –
knives, spoons, pencil, pen, stones, book and so on – not more than
about fifteen for the first few games, and cover the whole over with a
cloth. He then makes the others sit round, where they can see the tray,
and uncovers it for one minute. Then each of them must make a list on
a piece of paper of all the articles he can remember... The one who
remembers most wins the game.
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52. Requirement 8
8. Interview at least three people (different from those you
interviewed for requirement 5) over the age of 40 who were
Scouts. Find out about their Scouting experiences. Ask
about the impact that Scouting has had on their lives.
Share what you learned with your counselor.
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THE END