Safety Terminologies, measures, hazards and risks

1. MX3089 – Industrial Safety
Unit 1 – Safety Teminologies

2. Hazards
• A hazard can be anything that can cause harm or damage to people,
property, or the environment.
• It is important to note that a hazard does not necessarily have to be
physical; it can also be chemical, biological, or psychological.
• Hazardous substances and conditions can exist in both natural and
man-made environments.

3. Risk
• Risk is the likelihood that a hazard will cause harm or damage.
• It is important to note that not all hazards will result in an
accident or incident; the level of risk is determined by the
severity of the potential harm or damage and the likelihood that
it will occur.

4. TYPES OF HAZARDS

5. Types of Hazards & Its Control Measures
• Physical Hazards
• Physical hazards refer to the dangers a substance or object poses due to its physical
properties.
• These hazards can be visible, invisible, naturally occurring, or man-made.
• Physical hazards are present in many workplaces. Workers need to be aware of the
potential hazards and take steps to avoid them.
• Many different types of physical hazards can be present in the workplace. Some of the
most common include:
• Falls, Slips, Exposure, Noise, Heat & Cold, Lightning, Floods, Earthquakes

6. Types of Hazards & Its Control Measures
• Chemical Hazards
• Many different types of chemical hazards can be present in the workplace.
• Some of these hazards are more common than others, and others can be
more dangerous.
• It is important to be aware of all the different types of chemical hazards that
could be present in your workplace so that you can take steps to protect
yourself and your coworkers.

7. Types of Hazards & Its Control Measures
• Chemical Hazards
• Asbestos is a material that can cause lung cancer and other health
problems.
• Lead is a heavy metal that can damage the brain, kidneys, and nervous
system.
• Acids and bases can be extremely dangerous chemicals. They can cause
burns, irritation, and corrosion.

8. Types of Hazards & Its Control Measures
• Chemical Hazards
• Flammable liquids are another common type of chemical hazard. These liquids can
easily catch fire and can be very dangerous to work with.
• Toxic gases can be extremely dangerous. They can cause respiratory problems,
irritation, and even death.
• Corrosive chemicals can cause burns, irritation, and corrosion.
• Some oxidizing agents are so reactive that they can cause fires or explosions.
Others may be corrosive, eating away at skin or other tissues. Some oxidizing
agents are poisonous if ingested.

9. Types of Hazards & Its Control Measures
• Chemical Hazards
• There are a variety of ways that toxic metals can enter the body. Inhaling
them can cause respiratory problems, while skin contact can lead to
irritation or burns. Ingested, they can cause serious gastrointestinal issues.
In some cases, exposure to these substances can be fatal.
• Flammable solids are another common type of chemical hazard. These
solids can easily catch fire and can be very dangerous to work with.
Flammable solids can include things like dust, powders, and chips.

10. Types of Hazards & Its Control Measures
• Chemical Hazards
• Toxic liquids can be extremely dangerous. They can cause respiratory
problems, irritation, and even death.
• Flammable liquids are another common type of chemical hazard. These
liquids can easily catch fire and can be very dangerous to work with.
• Mercury is a heavy metal that is poisonous to humans. It can damage the
brain, kidneys, and lungs.

11. Types of Hazards & Its Control Measures
• Biological Hazards
• Biological hazards can cause harm or damage to people, property, or the
environment due to exposure to a biological agent.
• Bacteria - Bacteria are tiny, single-celled organisms that can cause disease.
While some bacteria are essential for our health, others can make us sick.
• Fungi is a type of microorganism that can cause infections in humans. These
infections can range from mild to life-threatening.

12. Types of Hazards & Its Control Measures
• Biological Hazards
• Viruses are tiny infectious particles that can replicate inside the cells of living
organisms. Viruses can cause various human diseases, from the common cold to
more serious illnesses like AIDS.
• Protozoa are a serious biological hazard. They are responsible for causing diseases
such as malaria, amoebiasis, and giardiasis.
• There are many different types of parasites, and they can be found in various
environments. Parasites can cause many diseases, some of which can be deadly.

13. Types of Hazards & Its Control Measures
• Psychological Hazards
• Psychological hazards can cause harm or damage to people, property, or the
environment due to exposure to a psychological stressor.
• Bullying – speak with seniors
• Harassment – contact HR
• Stress – divert activities
• Violences – calmness or therapist consultation

14. Hierarchy Of Control Measures For Hazards
• Engineering controls - seek to eliminate or minimize exposure to a hazard by
altering the work environment.
• Administrative controls - seek to eliminate or minimize exposure to a hazard by
altering how work is done
• Personal protective equipment - Personal protective equipment (PPE) is
clothing, equipment, or a device that is worn by an individual to protect them
from risks in the work environment.