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     Report of an All India Quantitative Study of Consumer
     Perceptions, Availability, Role, Services Provided,
     Medicines and Expectations of Pharmacists In India
     Part 1- Report of the study on professional and general aspects
     D. B. Anantha Narayana*, Kusum Devi1, Asha A. N1, Nimisha Jain1, Uday Bhosale1, T. Naveen Babu1 and co-investigators Roop K.
     Khar2, Moitreyee Mandal3, Manjiree Gharat4
     * Managing Trustee, Delhi Pharmaceutical Trust, New Delhi.
     1
       Dept. of Pharm.Marketing and Management, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore.
     2
       Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.
     3
       Dept. of Pharmacy, J.C.Ghosh Polytechnic, Kolkata,
     4
       K.M.Kundnani Pharmacy Polytechnic, Ulhasnagar-3, Maharashtra.

               Keywords: pharmacist, retail outlets and availability, first all India survey, quantitative survey

                                                              During 1990's most of the professional        common perception amongst members of
     Background & Objectives                            associations of pharmacy concentrated their         the pharmaceutical industry/ profession
                                                        activities primarily on various facets of           other than those involved in community
           During the 1980-1990 lot of activity took
                                                        pharmacy other than that dealing with               pharmacy is that pharmacists/ chemists
     place which impacted the way medicines are
                                                        pharmacist /chemist at the end of the               work merely like traders and do not provide
     dispensed and sold through licensed                                                                    any professional service and that there is
                                                        professional chain. Delhi Pharmaceutical
     premises commonly called as Drug stores                                                                no image of high esteem for them in society
                                                        Trust (DPT)[ www.delhipharmtrust.org ] was
     or chemist shops in India. Such premises in                                                            as shown to other members of the health
                                                        constituted in 1998 by a set of professionals
     India are regulated under Drugs & Cosmetics        as an off shoot of IPA (Delhi branch). DPT          care team. Delhi Pharmaceutical Trust
     Act and rules [DCAR]1 as well as Pharmacy          initiated a number of activities all of which       conducted a qualitative market research
     Act & Rules2. Under both regulations these         focused on helping the practicing pharmacist        amongst consumers in Bangalore and Delhi
     premises are required to be manned by a            to professionalise and work to improve their        and found that the situation is not true. The
     qualified person who has the necessary             knowledge and services leading to efficiency.       results of the study brought out many
     qualification and experience as prescribed         DPT initiated Continuing Professional               interesting observations about pharmacists
     under the Pharmacy Act and also required           Development programs (CPD) for chemists             and their role including high expectations as
     such a person to be registered as a                working in Delhi and all their activities           well as changing expectations from the
     Pharmacist with the respective State               centered towards Community Pharmacists.             consumers3. In another study conducted
     Pharmacy Council. The association of               This initiative started a chain of reactions        earlier, by Ramesh Adepu and B G Nagavi,
     chemists had been demanding that such a            across India with number of other                   in 2003., titled "Public Perception of
     registration requirement under rule 65(15) C       professional associations including chemist         Community Pharmacists in the State of
     of Pharmacy Act is not required and this           associations as well as a number of                 Karnataka, India", in which many aspects of
     provision should be deleted. However               pharmacy colleges planning and conducting           pharmacist's role were found wanting and
     professional associations including Indian         continuing education and training programs          not meeting the requirements, to prove
     Pharmaceutical Association (IPA), the              for community pharmacists. During the last          themselves as health care professionals4.
     national body of pharmacists of all facets as      two decades changes in the chemist bodies
                                                                                                                  Delhi Pharmaceutical Trust [DPT],
     well as Pharmacy Council of India (PCI)            have also reflected in more and more number
                                                                                                            decided to follow up the qualitative study
     argued that 65(15)C should not be deleted          of qualified pharmacists (D.Pharm's,
                                                                                                            already published with an all India larger
     from the provisions and sale of medicines          Graduate Pharmacists and in some cases
                                                                                                            quantitative study. For this, the trust
                                                        even Post Graduate Pharmacists) taking up
     definitely need supervision by a qualified                                                             commissioned a research study to be
                                                        jobs or setting up chemist shops as well as
     pharmacist. The Ministry of Health after                                                               conducted in Greater Bangalore, Greater
                                                        getting elected to positions on chemist
     consultation with all stake holders and after                                                          Mumbai, and National Capital Region of
                                                        associations. This has also brought some
     careful consideration upheld the demand of                                                             Delhi and in and around of Kolkata (these
                                                        impact on the mind set changes in those
     professionals and didn't remove the                                                                    will be referred as Bangalore, Mumbai, Delhi
                                                        involved in dispensing and sale of medicines.
     requirements. Several cases in high courts                                                             and Kolkata). The study involved getting
     of Allahabad and other states also have                 However, there have been many                  written responses to a validated question-
     upheld      putting     such    reasonable         opinions expressed about the role of                naire consisting of 30 questions, among cus-
     requirements for need of a qualified person        pharmacists, in various professional circles.       tomers of different profile who have visited
     in the chemist outlets as completely legal and     Most of these opinions are at best the              chemists' outlets. The study design and
     logical and that the Government of India has       perceptions of individuals not necessarily          methodology was conceived by the first two
     exercised their powers under sec 33 of             involved actively nor form part of the              authors and the active phase of the study
     DCAR, in the interest of public, a fact            community pharmacy profession in retail,            was conducted between March 2009 and
     welcomed by everyone.                              commonly referred to as chemists. One               December 2009. A request to fill up the


     For Correspondence : dptrust@gmail.com


12      Pharma Times - Vol. 43 - No. 04 - April 2011
questionnaires and send it to DPT was also           performance. The filled questionnaire were         which was -accepted and no further re-
made through other publications and some             serially numbered, stamped with the region,        validation was undertaken.
responses were received till July 2010. This         urban or rural area from which they were                The questionnaire had 30 questions
report is based on the responses received            obtained, Questionnaires that did not answer       and the responses have been analyzed in
from 3086 respondents across India,                  at least 50 % of questions were rejected.          three categories:
analyzed using a dedicated and validated             Table 1 shows the Number of Filled
                                                                                                        Category 1:         To cover availability,
software developed for the purpose.                  questionnaires (FQ's)                              accessibility, frequency of visits, identification
                                                                                                        and gross image.
Methodology                                          Table 1: Total number of responses city
                                                     wise                                               Category 2: To cover professionalism of the
      The research study has been                                                                       pharmacist including drug information
                                                      S. No City                 Number Of
conducted using a quantitative method of                                                                provided.
                                                                                 Responses
research. For this a questionnaire was                                                                  Category 3: To cover consumer perceptions
developed with 30 questions, in English,              1.       Bangalore         754                    on medicines and expectations from the
having either predefined set of responses,                                                              pharmacist.
multiple choices, or open ended spaces for            2.       Delhi             764
responses, validated for readability and
understanding, translated to Kannada,
                                                      3.       Mumbai            784                    Results and Discussion
Marathi, Bengali and Hindi. Translations              4.       Kolkata           784                          All results reported below are those
were also validated. Printed questionnaire                                                              obtained by use of the analytical tool. The
were made with English and one regional               5.       Total             3086
                                                                                                        tool provides data as analyzed linked to
language for each location. Volunteers                                                                  specific demographics. Analysis were carried
(students for pharmacy colleges) were                Software Development                               out with linkage to all responses obtained
trained on the study, their role and work,                                                              from all India separation region wise, urban-
using a Training Guide. To meet statistical                A search on the net revealed a number
                                                     of open ware software available which are          rural, men- women, occupation, education
requirements, a minimum of 650 Reponses                                                                 and family income groups. In some cases,
were obtained from each location, with at            generally used for analyzing results of large
                                                     survey data whether obtained orally or             analysis across these linkages was also
least 50 from rural respondents. Questions                                                              done. The data obtained, have been either
related to availability, identification, frequency   through filled questionnaire for example,
                                                     those used for opinion polls. Most of them         reported as percentages of responses/
of visits, accessibility, services provided by                                                          respondents or given in numbers or graphs.
pharmacists, consumer level of satisfaction          did not suit for analyzing this study as the
                                                     questionnaire in this study consisted of more      Such resultant data have been interpreted
currently and expectations for future,                                                                  and the interpretations have also been
consumer understanding of medicines, their           than one type of response structure. Hence,
                                                     a dedicated analytical tool was got developed      recorded. It may be recognized that the pool
categories, Pricing, information on storage                                                             of data available is too large and more
and usage which they should know,                    by an experienced firm engaged in such
                                                     activities. Technical inputs on the study          analysis can be done, however specific
medicines they perceive to be common                                                                    analysis that have been done in this first set
medicines that do not need any prescription          design, analysis required, expected outcome
                                                     in the form of tables, graphs, charts etc were     of analysis to get focused information from
or consultation with a physician and how they                                                           the study are reported in this first part of the
rate a pharmacist etc. For developing the            given to the tool developer and number of
                                                     meetings were held with the tool developer.        report of the study. Additional analysis if
questionnaire a guideline to questionnaire                                                              required for any specific purpose will be
developments5, was adopted. (please visit            A written expectation from the tool with built
                                                     in validation step was given to the tool           undertaken. In this report, results of data and
website of DPT for the questionnaire). Since,                                                           the analysis for category 1 & 2 listed above
a study of this nature and magnitude was             developer, along with a few FQ's. The
                                                     resultant tool developed was validated at the      are reported.
being done for the first time in India, it was
consciously decided to make it open type and         developer's end and then installed in the               The results of analysis for category 1 &
hence a crisp paragraph was drafted about            investigator's premise, with built in safety and   2 responses includes responses to questions
DPT, intention of the study, and a specific          passwords. Student volunteers keyed in             at serial no. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 12, 18, 19, 20, 21,
request to provide their responses including         meticulously the responses from each FQ's          22, 23, 24, 26 and 30, along with the
personal details of the respondents. As a part       after undergoing a session on training for the     responses filled for personal information of
of ethical aspect it was clearly informed to         same. In each FQ a mark was placed after it        the respondent.
the respondents that their identity and views        was entered into the tool. After responses of
would be kept confidential and only the total        all the 3086 FQ's were keyed in 10 % of the        Demographics: Table 2 provides a summary
responses received and analyzed would be             data put into the database were selected by        of the demographics giving the broad
published. The respondents were also given           the tool randomly for auditing and validation.           As observed, rural population was taken
an email ID to correspond if they had any            The respective FQ numbers that appeared            into account more from Kolkata, whilst the
queries or doubts of the study. The                  in this 10% was physically taken out from          urban population constituted from the other
questionnaire was designed with logo to              the files and the data fed into the computer       cities respectively Bangalore, Delhi and
indicate the profession of pharmacy.                 was cross checked for accuracy. The degree         Mumbai. More number of men were seen as
                                                     of accuracy obtained was greater than 99%          respondents as compared to the women.
     The questionnaire at the end asked the
respondents to provide some basic                                            Table 2. Demographics of total respondents
information about them, and they were told
clearly that this information would be kept
confidential. Ethically, only one definite                                   Bangalore         Delhi        Mumbai              Kolkata         Total
contact detail was insisted upon so that if at
any time a need arises for cross checking,             Men                   488               653          511                 597             2249
and to identify and get demographic                    Women                 266               111          273                 187             837
information, the region of the country, urban
or rural respondent.                                   Rural                 160               106          32                  775             1073
     The number of volunteers who assisted             Urban                 594               658          752                 9               2013
the study in each region varied from 15 - 102
and no monetary benefit was linked to their            Total                 754               764          784                 784             3086


                                                                                            Pharma Times - Vol. 43 - No. 04 - April 2011                     13
Figure 1 : Demographic data for total men                            Further with regard to how often people visit a chemist/medical shop, among
                                                                           the total population 67% said that they go to chemist shop when required only,
                                                                           16% of retired said that they visit once a week, 23% of rural population said that
                                                                           they visit once a month.
                                                                                 In Bangalore 72% of the population said that they go to medical store when
                                                                           required only and 80% of the rural population has reported the same. In Kolkata
                                                                           only 54% of them said that they visit the medical store when required only, 27%
                                                                           of the housewives said that they visit once in a week. In Delhi 22% of the retired
                                                                           population said that they visit the medical shop once a week and 65% of the
                                                                           population said that they visit when required. In Mumbai 78% of the total
                                                                           population said that they will visit medical shop only when required.
                                                                               Surprisingly, there was only 4% of population who don't visit medical shops.
                                                                           Results are displayed in Figure 3.

                                                                            Figure 3. The perceptions of the respondents with regard to availability
                                                                                                      of a medical outlet




     As observed around 35% of total populationof men is from rural
     areas, Delhi showed the maximum number of working people and
     students. Mumbai showed the minimum of rural men. In Kolkata
     more rural population was taken into account.

          Figure 2 : Demographic data for total women




                                                                           Responses from Bangalore                  Responses from Kolkata




     As observed more number of women responded from Mumbai and
     Bangalore as compared to rest two cities. Matriculate qualification
     and self employment is highest in Kolkata among women. Graduates
     and Working women are highest in Bangalore, Highest number of
     students have taken part from Delhi coverage of the respondents.
     Figures 1 & 2 provide detailed demographic data for men and women
     separately which are self explanatory.

                                                                           Responses from Delhi                       Responses from Mumbai

     Access To Medicine Outlets
          To find out whether people have access to medical                Recognition
     stores we asked them if they have medical shop/chemist
                                                                                To find out how people recognize a medical shop, we asked them whether
     shop near their house or in their locality and if yes what is         they can identify a medical shop by sign board, green cross or Red Cross or by
     the number of such shops.                                             the display of medicines.
           An overall analysis on access to an outlet reveals that              In Bangalore, students, retired and working people can recognize a medical
     irrespective of the regional difference, accessibility of a           shop with a Green color Cross sign as compared to housewives who are
     medical shop for consumers is the same. The density of                recognizing by red color sign, which is the sign for Red Cross. Graduates and
     medical shops in urban areas is more than that in rural areas.        higher qualified people can recognize a medical shop by sign board and green
     Only 12% people think they don't have a medical shop in               cross while SSLC and Non-Matriculates people are recognizing by display of
     their locality and 88% have at least one shop out of with             medicines. Overall around 31% people can recognize medical shop by a sign
     39% have more than one.                                               board in Bangalore with lesser percentages recognizing by other signs. In Kolkata,


14      Pharma Times - Vol. 43 - No. 04 - April 2011
almost 50% of population identify a medical       badges while 34% want only White coat and             To further confirm the adequate storage
shop by sign board. Surprisingly housewives       23% only ID badges. Around half of Non-          of medicines we asked people whether they
in rural area showed maximum identification       matriculate people want him to wear white        have seen the chemist taking out medicines
of medical shop by green cross and                coat, which might be because of their lower      from fridge and giving it to customers.
signboard. In Delhi most of students are          education status. In Delhi and Kolkata around
aware and can recognize chemist shop by           50% want both, while 31% in Delhi want only             Out of the total population 78% people
                                                                                                   have seen a chemist taking off medicines out
green cross and sign board. Only 50%              white coat and 32% in Kolkata want only ID
population in Delhi can identify correctly by     badge. In Mumbai around 50% want him to          of a fridge. Majority of the High income group
green cross and sign board as compared to         wear only ID badge which can be probably         (85%) have seen the same while the majority
                                                                                                   of the low income group and non matriculates
67% in Mumbai. Around 50% of housewives           more authentic as compared to a white coat.
in urban area of Delhi have perception of Red                                                      have said that they have never seen a
Cross for medical shops.                                Majority of the people want the            chemist take medicines from a fridge.
                                                  pharmacist to wear both white coat as well
     An overall analysis on recognition                                                                  In Bangalore 41% of the non matricu-
                                                  as ID badges, which aid them in identifying
reveals that 37% of people can recognize          the pharmacist. On all India basis 50%           lates also are of the same opinion, of not
medical shop by signboard and 24% by              people want him to wear both, and out of the     having seen the chemist taking medicines
green cross. Qualified people can better                                                           out from a fridge. While the high income
                                                  remaining 50%, half wants only ID badge and
identify a medical shop as compared to the        the other half wants only White coat.            group reported to have seen the chemist
other strata's.                                   However survey shows that all the                taking out medicines from a fridge. 26% of
                                                                                                   the Kolkata population said that they haven't
      There is a need to improve the              respondents are in favor of having a
awareness that green cross is associated          particular dress code for the pharmacist and     seen the chemist take medicines out of the
with pharmacy (medical shop). Hence               this probably improves the professional          fridge while dispensing, where majority of the
                                                                                                   rural population is covered and 20%
initiatives should be taken to recognize the      status of the pharmacist.
profession of pharmacy by green cross.                                                             population of Mumbai and Delhi also say the
                                                  Perception Towards                               same.
Identification                                    Appearance of Medical                                 Overall, people have seen a fridge and
                                                                                                   the chemist taking out medicines from a
     To find out whether the people are able      Store                                            fridge as well, implying adequate storage of
to identify the qualified or the trained
pharmacist in the medical shops we asked               To find out about the perception of         medicines. However around 20% respon-
them whether they are able to identify the        people about proper maintenance and              dents have not seen a fridge, principally in
trained person or not. We found out that          storage of medicines in the medical shops        the rural areas and this could be a cause for
majority of the people cannot identify a          we asked them whether the medicines were         concern.
trained person across all cities covered in       stored neatly and properly in the store and
the survey. An overall 56% of urban people        was the pharmacist able to get the correct
                                                                                                   Information To The
can identify trained person in a pharmacy as      medicines easily and quickly.                    Consumer Regarding
compared to 43% of rural population.
                                                       Across all four cities people think and     Shelflife
      In Bangalore 70% of rural population
                                                  agree with the fact that the medicines are
cannot identify the trained person in the                                                               To find out if the chemist is giving
                                                  arranged neatly and properly (78%). In
medical shop. A higher percentage of people                                                        information regarding the shelf-life or expiry
                                                  Mumbai where the majority population             date of medicines we asked people if the
with higher education are able to identify the
                                                  considered is urban, around 90% people feel      chemist has ever provided them with such
qualified person as compared to less
                                                  medicines are arranged neatly, and it is the     information.
educated people, for example 75% of Non-
                                                  highest among other cities. In Kolkata where
matriculate people cannot identify a trained
                                                  survey is mainly concentrated in the rural            Of the total population, 55% of people
person. In Delhi, 71% people are able to
                                                  areas, only 62% people feel medicines are        were not informed about the expiry date of
identify a trained person and surprisingly
                                                  arranged neatly. This may suggests that          the medications, which is extremely
80% of housewives and 75% of Non-
                                                  there should be improvement in arrangement       important as a factor to be considered while
matriculates were also able to identify the
                                                  of medicines in medical stores in rural areas.   dispensing medications. 63% of retired
qualified person. In Mumbai only 50% of the
                                                  In the national capital Delhi which is also      population and 58% of mid income group are
population, (out of which 96% is from urban
                                                  mainly concentrated on urban areas 80%           of the same opinion. In Bangalore 69% of
areas) are able to identify the trained person.
                                                  people feel medicines are arranged properly.     the population, say that chemists do not
While in Kolkata also only 41% can identify
                                                  In Bangalore also 82% population fells that      explain about the expiry date of the
trained people (out of which 96% is from rural
                                                  medicines are arranged neatly.                   medication. 78% of the rural population and
areas). The results indicate the need for the
                                                                                                   low income group, 73% of the retired
Pharmacist to do more to distinguish                   Further to get information about the        population have the same opinion. In Kolkata
themselves from other support staff in the        storage of medicines we asked people if they     64 % of the students say that the chemists
outlets                                           have seen a refrigerator in the medicines        never explained them about the expiry date
Look/Appearance of                                store where they buy medicines.                  of the medications. Surprisingly the non-
                                                                                                   matriculate people have said that chemists
Pharmacist                                              Majority of people agree to have had
                                                                                                   have explained about the expiry date of the
                                                  seen a fridge within the pharmacy premises.
     To find out what can aid in the better                                                        medicine in the city. In Mumbai also, mid
                                                  In Bangalore 89% have seen a fridge, in          income group and non matriculates and
identification of trained or qualified person     Mumbai 83% seen a fridge, and in Delhi and
in medical shops we asked people about                                                             SSLC people felt that chemists never
                                                  Kolkata also good number of people have          explained about the expiry date of the
what chemist should wear while giving the         seen fridge in medical shops. Over all a good
medicines. They were given options of white                                                        medicine.
                                                  visibility of fridge can be seen across the
coat/ identity badges or both.                    country in medical shops proving that the            It has to be noted that, the information
    In Bangalore, 43% people want                 medicines are being stored as per their          about the expiry date of the medications is
pharmacist to wear both white coat and ID         requirement.                                     important information which has to be


                                                                                        Pharma Times - Vol. 43 - No. 04 - April 2011                15
communicated to the medicine buyers and           45% of retired population are also of the          getting license to run a medical store.
     particularly so to the people from low income     same opinion.                                            In Bangalore, 57% said D. Pharma and
     groups, rural and retired population due to                                                          31 % said B.Pharm is the minimum
                                                             In addition it was also asked the
     their lack of proper education or dependency                                                         qualification of a chemist. In Mumbai, Kolkata
                                                       consumers if anytime they were asked to
     on the chemist.                                                                                      and Delhi, 72%, 63% and 54% of people feel
                                                       bring a "Cool Pack" or a "flask" before buying
                                                                                                          D.Pharm is the minimum qualification of a
     Information Provided on                           any specific medicines. Out of the total
                                                                                                          chemist respectively.
                                                       population, 89% are of the opinion that either
     Storage of Medicines                              chemist didn't inform the customers to get a
                                                       cool pack or they don't know what a cool pack
                                                                                                          Trustworthiness of a
           To find about whether the chemist is
     giving information about the proper storage       is as far as medicines are concerned. It is        Pharmacist
     of medicines after their purchase a query in      encouraging to note that nearly 60% of the
                                                                                                               To determine whether people trust their
     this regard was posed to the respondents.         consumers pan India, opine that chemist is
                                                                                                          chemist, we asked them if they think that a
                                                       giving them information about the proper
           58% of the total populations agree to                                                          chemist is a good source of information on
                                                       storage of medicines and it would be good if
     the fact that the chemists explain about the                                                         medicines. The respondents were further
                                                       all chemists would follow such practices in
     storage conditions of the medications                                                                quizzed about the usefulness of information
                                                       future.
     whereas 44% each of rural and retired                                                                thus provided.
     population opined the contrary. In Bangalore      Education Requirement                              The results are displayed in Figure 4.
     51% populations haven't been explained by             A query was posed to the respondents                77% of total population believes that the
     the chemist anytime about how and where           to determine their awareness about the             chemist is a good person to ask for
     to store the medicines. A similar situation was   minimum qualification required to run a            information regarding the usage and side
     seen with non-matriculate (66%), rural            medical store.                                     effects of the medicines, whereas 23% have
     (63%), and low income group people (60%).
                                                            It is good to find out that around 85% of     the belief that he is not a good person. Rural
          In Delhi, 43% of the students and 53%        the people are well aware about B.Pharm/           area people believe in chemists more as
     of the retired people agreed to the fact that     D.Pharm being the requisite for qualification      compared to urban people. Also 67% people
     they were not explained about the storage         as pharmacist, in fact around 61% of the total     said that the given information has helped
     conditions. In Mumbai, 49% of non                 population in all four cities are also aware       them and both the rural and people feel the
     matriculates, 44% of low income group and         that D.Pharm is the minimum requisite for          same in this case.

             Figure 4. Results of the Trust worthiness of Pharmacists graphs below where,
             A1Y : respondents who said the chemist is a good person to seek such information.
             A1N : respondents who said the chemist is not a good person to seek such information.
             A2Y : respondents who said such information has helped them to get better
             A2N : respondents who said such information has not helped them to get better




                                                                     TOTAL RESPONSE




                  PERCEPTIONS IN BANGALORE                                                              PERCEPTIONS IN KOLKATA


16      Pharma Times - Vol. 43 - No. 04 - April 2011
PERCEPTIONS IN DELHI                                                  PERCEPTIONS IN MUMBAI

      85% of Mumbai people believe that           sound a word of caution that this should not             Chapter IV, Manufacture, sale and
chemist is a good person to ask for               lead to "complacency" but more needs to be               distribution of drugs and cosmetics.
information and 75% have told that they have      done by Pharmacists to take this to even           2.    http://www.pci.nic.in/RulesRegulations/
been benefited by such information. 81% of        higher levels.                                           PharmacyAct1948/Chapter1-5.aspx.
Kolkata and 76% Bangalore people believe
that chemist is a good & trustworthy. In Delhi    Observations and Authors                           3.    D. B. Anantha Narayana, Kusum Devi,
only 65% of people believe that chemist as                                                                 Asha A. N. and Nimisha Jain "Percept-
an information giver, and only 62% agrees
                                                  Notes                                                    ions of consumers about Pharmacists -
that this information has helped them.                 The study has for the first time brought            Report of the results of a Market
                                                  out documented quantitative data on the                  research conducted amongst consum-
      Elderly and retired people (90%)
believe the chemist more and 75% of them          availability of pharmacies/chemist outlets,              ers in Bangalore and Delhi", Pharma
feel that the information given by the chemist    identification of chemist and outlets,                   Times, September 2009, Vol 42, No.
has helped them to use medicines effectively.     neatness, storage, belief in chemist and trust           9,15-18.
     As majority of the respondents opine         in their roles and work done. These results        4.    Ramesh Adepu and B G Nagavi,
that a chemist is the good person to get          point out that the visibility of "pharmacist" in         "Public Perception of Community
medicine related information, such professi-      the medical shop needs to be enhanced                    Pharmacists in the State of Karnataka,
onal services rendered by a chemist will go       greatly. Pharmacists need to create a more               India", in which many aspects of
a long way in improving the image of the          professional image and ease of identification            pharmacist's role were found wanting
pharmacist besides ensuring the proper            within the outlet by wearing a specific dress,           and not meeting the requirements, to
administration (use) of medicines.                uniform, badge is highly necessary and                   prove themselves as health care
                                                  sooner the profession adopts it is better. More          professionals". Ind. Jour. Hospital
Ranking of Pharmacists                            work needs to be done to almost create a                 Pharmacy, Jan-Feb 2003, 15-18.
                                                  brand image for a pharmacist that they are
      Number of studies done in USA and           qualified and trained persons, knowledge on        5.    Dr. Robert Frary, A brief guide to
other countries report the ranking of             Green and Red Cross signs, neatness of the               questionnaire development, Place
pharmacist in their country for their             outlets, information provided to patients. The           based      education       evaluation
performance or service or behavior. In this       authors also recognize that the study has                collaborative available from http://
study consumers ranked a pharmacist in            covered four major cities and surrounding                www.testscoring.vt.edu/fraryquest.html)
their opinion for their ethical behavior, after   rural areas, though the proportion of the          6.    Readers Digest, March, 2010.
they have responded to all the questions          respondents of urban and rural in each city
amongst a doctor, a teacher, a chemist, and                                                          7.    Jeffrey M. Jones, Nurses Top Honesty
                                                  is not same. Results of responses received
a lawyer, by ranking them in the descending                                                                and Ethics List for 11th Year. Gallup,
                                                  for questions related professional services,
order. In such a context the response to this                                                              December       3,    2010.     http://
                                                  future expectations and medicines are still
question would mean "the consumers over                                                                    www.gallup.com/poll/145043/Nurses-
                                                  under analysis and would be reported
all opinion about the Pharmacist/chemist".                                                                 Top-Honesty-Ethics-List-11-Year.aspx
                                                  separately
Consumers ranked doctors first on an all
India basis and even at regional basis. It was    Acknowledgements
interesting to note that a pharmacist was
ranked at number 2 higher than a teacher               Sincere appreciations and thanks to all
and a lawyer on an all India basis and also       the student volunteers for their contributions          ATTENTION STUDENT
in each of the region surveyed. This is in line   to the project and each of them have been
with an international finding reported recently   given a certificate by DPT. Authors                         MEMBERS !!
in Gallup poll conducted in the United States,    acknowledge the encouragement and
where pharmacists came in third position          support by the Trustees of DPT and                      Student     members      are
behind nurses and military officers as the        Principals of the four colleges of pharmacy
most trusted profession6. Also in a survey        for permitting and encouraging their faculty
                                                                                                          requested to access their
conducted by Readers Digest where people          and students to participate in the project. We          copies of Pharma Times online
were asked to rank 40 everyday                    thank Ms. Ritu Walia, of Consumer Science               at w w w.ipapharma.org /
professionals and the Pharmacist was              Department of HUL research, Bangalore for               PTarchives.aspx.
ranked fairly high in order7.                     her constant encouragement and inputs.
                                                                                                          May 2011 onwards, student
     This finding is highly encouraging and
should be taken on board by pharmacy
                                                  Bibliography                                            members will not receive hard
professionals who have been thinking              1.   http://cdsco.nic.in/html/                          copy of Pharma Times.
otherwise and have been critical of the public         copy%20of%201.%20d&cact121.pdf.
image of a chemist. Authors also wish to               The drugs and cosmetics act, 1940,


                                                                                         Pharma Times - Vol. 43 - No. 04 - April 2011                17

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Report on pharmacist perception in India - part 1

  • 1. Article Report of an All India Quantitative Study of Consumer Perceptions, Availability, Role, Services Provided, Medicines and Expectations of Pharmacists In India Part 1- Report of the study on professional and general aspects D. B. Anantha Narayana*, Kusum Devi1, Asha A. N1, Nimisha Jain1, Uday Bhosale1, T. Naveen Babu1 and co-investigators Roop K. Khar2, Moitreyee Mandal3, Manjiree Gharat4 * Managing Trustee, Delhi Pharmaceutical Trust, New Delhi. 1 Dept. of Pharm.Marketing and Management, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore. 2 Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi. 3 Dept. of Pharmacy, J.C.Ghosh Polytechnic, Kolkata, 4 K.M.Kundnani Pharmacy Polytechnic, Ulhasnagar-3, Maharashtra. Keywords: pharmacist, retail outlets and availability, first all India survey, quantitative survey During 1990's most of the professional common perception amongst members of Background & Objectives associations of pharmacy concentrated their the pharmaceutical industry/ profession activities primarily on various facets of other than those involved in community During the 1980-1990 lot of activity took pharmacy other than that dealing with pharmacy is that pharmacists/ chemists place which impacted the way medicines are pharmacist /chemist at the end of the work merely like traders and do not provide dispensed and sold through licensed any professional service and that there is professional chain. Delhi Pharmaceutical premises commonly called as Drug stores no image of high esteem for them in society Trust (DPT)[ www.delhipharmtrust.org ] was or chemist shops in India. Such premises in as shown to other members of the health constituted in 1998 by a set of professionals India are regulated under Drugs & Cosmetics as an off shoot of IPA (Delhi branch). DPT care team. Delhi Pharmaceutical Trust Act and rules [DCAR]1 as well as Pharmacy initiated a number of activities all of which conducted a qualitative market research Act & Rules2. Under both regulations these focused on helping the practicing pharmacist amongst consumers in Bangalore and Delhi premises are required to be manned by a to professionalise and work to improve their and found that the situation is not true. The qualified person who has the necessary knowledge and services leading to efficiency. results of the study brought out many qualification and experience as prescribed DPT initiated Continuing Professional interesting observations about pharmacists under the Pharmacy Act and also required Development programs (CPD) for chemists and their role including high expectations as such a person to be registered as a working in Delhi and all their activities well as changing expectations from the Pharmacist with the respective State centered towards Community Pharmacists. consumers3. In another study conducted Pharmacy Council. The association of This initiative started a chain of reactions earlier, by Ramesh Adepu and B G Nagavi, chemists had been demanding that such a across India with number of other in 2003., titled "Public Perception of registration requirement under rule 65(15) C professional associations including chemist Community Pharmacists in the State of of Pharmacy Act is not required and this associations as well as a number of Karnataka, India", in which many aspects of provision should be deleted. However pharmacy colleges planning and conducting pharmacist's role were found wanting and professional associations including Indian continuing education and training programs not meeting the requirements, to prove Pharmaceutical Association (IPA), the for community pharmacists. During the last themselves as health care professionals4. national body of pharmacists of all facets as two decades changes in the chemist bodies Delhi Pharmaceutical Trust [DPT], well as Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) have also reflected in more and more number decided to follow up the qualitative study argued that 65(15)C should not be deleted of qualified pharmacists (D.Pharm's, already published with an all India larger from the provisions and sale of medicines Graduate Pharmacists and in some cases quantitative study. For this, the trust even Post Graduate Pharmacists) taking up definitely need supervision by a qualified commissioned a research study to be jobs or setting up chemist shops as well as pharmacist. The Ministry of Health after conducted in Greater Bangalore, Greater getting elected to positions on chemist consultation with all stake holders and after Mumbai, and National Capital Region of associations. This has also brought some careful consideration upheld the demand of Delhi and in and around of Kolkata (these impact on the mind set changes in those professionals and didn't remove the will be referred as Bangalore, Mumbai, Delhi involved in dispensing and sale of medicines. requirements. Several cases in high courts and Kolkata). The study involved getting of Allahabad and other states also have However, there have been many written responses to a validated question- upheld putting such reasonable opinions expressed about the role of naire consisting of 30 questions, among cus- requirements for need of a qualified person pharmacists, in various professional circles. tomers of different profile who have visited in the chemist outlets as completely legal and Most of these opinions are at best the chemists' outlets. The study design and logical and that the Government of India has perceptions of individuals not necessarily methodology was conceived by the first two exercised their powers under sec 33 of involved actively nor form part of the authors and the active phase of the study DCAR, in the interest of public, a fact community pharmacy profession in retail, was conducted between March 2009 and welcomed by everyone. commonly referred to as chemists. One December 2009. A request to fill up the For Correspondence : dptrust@gmail.com 12 Pharma Times - Vol. 43 - No. 04 - April 2011
  • 2. questionnaires and send it to DPT was also performance. The filled questionnaire were which was -accepted and no further re- made through other publications and some serially numbered, stamped with the region, validation was undertaken. responses were received till July 2010. This urban or rural area from which they were The questionnaire had 30 questions report is based on the responses received obtained, Questionnaires that did not answer and the responses have been analyzed in from 3086 respondents across India, at least 50 % of questions were rejected. three categories: analyzed using a dedicated and validated Table 1 shows the Number of Filled Category 1: To cover availability, software developed for the purpose. questionnaires (FQ's) accessibility, frequency of visits, identification and gross image. Methodology Table 1: Total number of responses city wise Category 2: To cover professionalism of the The research study has been pharmacist including drug information S. No City Number Of conducted using a quantitative method of provided. Responses research. For this a questionnaire was Category 3: To cover consumer perceptions developed with 30 questions, in English, 1. Bangalore 754 on medicines and expectations from the having either predefined set of responses, pharmacist. multiple choices, or open ended spaces for 2. Delhi 764 responses, validated for readability and understanding, translated to Kannada, 3. Mumbai 784 Results and Discussion Marathi, Bengali and Hindi. Translations 4. Kolkata 784 All results reported below are those were also validated. Printed questionnaire obtained by use of the analytical tool. The were made with English and one regional 5. Total 3086 tool provides data as analyzed linked to language for each location. Volunteers specific demographics. Analysis were carried (students for pharmacy colleges) were Software Development out with linkage to all responses obtained trained on the study, their role and work, from all India separation region wise, urban- using a Training Guide. To meet statistical A search on the net revealed a number of open ware software available which are rural, men- women, occupation, education requirements, a minimum of 650 Reponses and family income groups. In some cases, were obtained from each location, with at generally used for analyzing results of large survey data whether obtained orally or analysis across these linkages was also least 50 from rural respondents. Questions done. The data obtained, have been either related to availability, identification, frequency through filled questionnaire for example, those used for opinion polls. Most of them reported as percentages of responses/ of visits, accessibility, services provided by respondents or given in numbers or graphs. pharmacists, consumer level of satisfaction did not suit for analyzing this study as the questionnaire in this study consisted of more Such resultant data have been interpreted currently and expectations for future, and the interpretations have also been consumer understanding of medicines, their than one type of response structure. Hence, a dedicated analytical tool was got developed recorded. It may be recognized that the pool categories, Pricing, information on storage of data available is too large and more and usage which they should know, by an experienced firm engaged in such activities. Technical inputs on the study analysis can be done, however specific medicines they perceive to be common analysis that have been done in this first set medicines that do not need any prescription design, analysis required, expected outcome in the form of tables, graphs, charts etc were of analysis to get focused information from or consultation with a physician and how they the study are reported in this first part of the rate a pharmacist etc. For developing the given to the tool developer and number of meetings were held with the tool developer. report of the study. Additional analysis if questionnaire a guideline to questionnaire required for any specific purpose will be developments5, was adopted. (please visit A written expectation from the tool with built in validation step was given to the tool undertaken. In this report, results of data and website of DPT for the questionnaire). Since, the analysis for category 1 & 2 listed above a study of this nature and magnitude was developer, along with a few FQ's. The resultant tool developed was validated at the are reported. being done for the first time in India, it was consciously decided to make it open type and developer's end and then installed in the The results of analysis for category 1 & hence a crisp paragraph was drafted about investigator's premise, with built in safety and 2 responses includes responses to questions DPT, intention of the study, and a specific passwords. Student volunteers keyed in at serial no. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 12, 18, 19, 20, 21, request to provide their responses including meticulously the responses from each FQ's 22, 23, 24, 26 and 30, along with the personal details of the respondents. As a part after undergoing a session on training for the responses filled for personal information of of ethical aspect it was clearly informed to same. In each FQ a mark was placed after it the respondent. the respondents that their identity and views was entered into the tool. After responses of would be kept confidential and only the total all the 3086 FQ's were keyed in 10 % of the Demographics: Table 2 provides a summary responses received and analyzed would be data put into the database were selected by of the demographics giving the broad published. The respondents were also given the tool randomly for auditing and validation. As observed, rural population was taken an email ID to correspond if they had any The respective FQ numbers that appeared into account more from Kolkata, whilst the queries or doubts of the study. The in this 10% was physically taken out from urban population constituted from the other questionnaire was designed with logo to the files and the data fed into the computer cities respectively Bangalore, Delhi and indicate the profession of pharmacy. was cross checked for accuracy. The degree Mumbai. More number of men were seen as of accuracy obtained was greater than 99% respondents as compared to the women. The questionnaire at the end asked the respondents to provide some basic Table 2. Demographics of total respondents information about them, and they were told clearly that this information would be kept confidential. Ethically, only one definite Bangalore Delhi Mumbai Kolkata Total contact detail was insisted upon so that if at any time a need arises for cross checking, Men 488 653 511 597 2249 and to identify and get demographic Women 266 111 273 187 837 information, the region of the country, urban or rural respondent. Rural 160 106 32 775 1073 The number of volunteers who assisted Urban 594 658 752 9 2013 the study in each region varied from 15 - 102 and no monetary benefit was linked to their Total 754 764 784 784 3086 Pharma Times - Vol. 43 - No. 04 - April 2011 13
  • 3. Figure 1 : Demographic data for total men Further with regard to how often people visit a chemist/medical shop, among the total population 67% said that they go to chemist shop when required only, 16% of retired said that they visit once a week, 23% of rural population said that they visit once a month. In Bangalore 72% of the population said that they go to medical store when required only and 80% of the rural population has reported the same. In Kolkata only 54% of them said that they visit the medical store when required only, 27% of the housewives said that they visit once in a week. In Delhi 22% of the retired population said that they visit the medical shop once a week and 65% of the population said that they visit when required. In Mumbai 78% of the total population said that they will visit medical shop only when required. Surprisingly, there was only 4% of population who don't visit medical shops. Results are displayed in Figure 3. Figure 3. The perceptions of the respondents with regard to availability of a medical outlet As observed around 35% of total populationof men is from rural areas, Delhi showed the maximum number of working people and students. Mumbai showed the minimum of rural men. In Kolkata more rural population was taken into account. Figure 2 : Demographic data for total women Responses from Bangalore Responses from Kolkata As observed more number of women responded from Mumbai and Bangalore as compared to rest two cities. Matriculate qualification and self employment is highest in Kolkata among women. Graduates and Working women are highest in Bangalore, Highest number of students have taken part from Delhi coverage of the respondents. Figures 1 & 2 provide detailed demographic data for men and women separately which are self explanatory. Responses from Delhi Responses from Mumbai Access To Medicine Outlets To find out whether people have access to medical Recognition stores we asked them if they have medical shop/chemist To find out how people recognize a medical shop, we asked them whether shop near their house or in their locality and if yes what is they can identify a medical shop by sign board, green cross or Red Cross or by the number of such shops. the display of medicines. An overall analysis on access to an outlet reveals that In Bangalore, students, retired and working people can recognize a medical irrespective of the regional difference, accessibility of a shop with a Green color Cross sign as compared to housewives who are medical shop for consumers is the same. The density of recognizing by red color sign, which is the sign for Red Cross. Graduates and medical shops in urban areas is more than that in rural areas. higher qualified people can recognize a medical shop by sign board and green Only 12% people think they don't have a medical shop in cross while SSLC and Non-Matriculates people are recognizing by display of their locality and 88% have at least one shop out of with medicines. Overall around 31% people can recognize medical shop by a sign 39% have more than one. board in Bangalore with lesser percentages recognizing by other signs. In Kolkata, 14 Pharma Times - Vol. 43 - No. 04 - April 2011
  • 4. almost 50% of population identify a medical badges while 34% want only White coat and To further confirm the adequate storage shop by sign board. Surprisingly housewives 23% only ID badges. Around half of Non- of medicines we asked people whether they in rural area showed maximum identification matriculate people want him to wear white have seen the chemist taking out medicines of medical shop by green cross and coat, which might be because of their lower from fridge and giving it to customers. signboard. In Delhi most of students are education status. In Delhi and Kolkata around aware and can recognize chemist shop by 50% want both, while 31% in Delhi want only Out of the total population 78% people have seen a chemist taking off medicines out green cross and sign board. Only 50% white coat and 32% in Kolkata want only ID population in Delhi can identify correctly by badge. In Mumbai around 50% want him to of a fridge. Majority of the High income group green cross and sign board as compared to wear only ID badge which can be probably (85%) have seen the same while the majority of the low income group and non matriculates 67% in Mumbai. Around 50% of housewives more authentic as compared to a white coat. in urban area of Delhi have perception of Red have said that they have never seen a Cross for medical shops. Majority of the people want the chemist take medicines from a fridge. pharmacist to wear both white coat as well An overall analysis on recognition In Bangalore 41% of the non matricu- as ID badges, which aid them in identifying reveals that 37% of people can recognize the pharmacist. On all India basis 50% lates also are of the same opinion, of not medical shop by signboard and 24% by people want him to wear both, and out of the having seen the chemist taking medicines green cross. Qualified people can better out from a fridge. While the high income remaining 50%, half wants only ID badge and identify a medical shop as compared to the the other half wants only White coat. group reported to have seen the chemist other strata's. However survey shows that all the taking out medicines from a fridge. 26% of the Kolkata population said that they haven't There is a need to improve the respondents are in favor of having a awareness that green cross is associated particular dress code for the pharmacist and seen the chemist take medicines out of the with pharmacy (medical shop). Hence this probably improves the professional fridge while dispensing, where majority of the rural population is covered and 20% initiatives should be taken to recognize the status of the pharmacist. profession of pharmacy by green cross. population of Mumbai and Delhi also say the Perception Towards same. Identification Appearance of Medical Overall, people have seen a fridge and the chemist taking out medicines from a To find out whether the people are able Store fridge as well, implying adequate storage of to identify the qualified or the trained pharmacist in the medical shops we asked To find out about the perception of medicines. However around 20% respon- them whether they are able to identify the people about proper maintenance and dents have not seen a fridge, principally in trained person or not. We found out that storage of medicines in the medical shops the rural areas and this could be a cause for majority of the people cannot identify a we asked them whether the medicines were concern. trained person across all cities covered in stored neatly and properly in the store and the survey. An overall 56% of urban people was the pharmacist able to get the correct Information To The can identify trained person in a pharmacy as medicines easily and quickly. Consumer Regarding compared to 43% of rural population. Across all four cities people think and Shelflife In Bangalore 70% of rural population agree with the fact that the medicines are cannot identify the trained person in the To find out if the chemist is giving arranged neatly and properly (78%). In medical shop. A higher percentage of people information regarding the shelf-life or expiry Mumbai where the majority population date of medicines we asked people if the with higher education are able to identify the considered is urban, around 90% people feel chemist has ever provided them with such qualified person as compared to less medicines are arranged neatly, and it is the information. educated people, for example 75% of Non- highest among other cities. In Kolkata where matriculate people cannot identify a trained survey is mainly concentrated in the rural Of the total population, 55% of people person. In Delhi, 71% people are able to areas, only 62% people feel medicines are were not informed about the expiry date of identify a trained person and surprisingly arranged neatly. This may suggests that the medications, which is extremely 80% of housewives and 75% of Non- there should be improvement in arrangement important as a factor to be considered while matriculates were also able to identify the of medicines in medical stores in rural areas. dispensing medications. 63% of retired qualified person. In Mumbai only 50% of the In the national capital Delhi which is also population and 58% of mid income group are population, (out of which 96% is from urban mainly concentrated on urban areas 80% of the same opinion. In Bangalore 69% of areas) are able to identify the trained person. people feel medicines are arranged properly. the population, say that chemists do not While in Kolkata also only 41% can identify In Bangalore also 82% population fells that explain about the expiry date of the trained people (out of which 96% is from rural medicines are arranged neatly. medication. 78% of the rural population and areas). The results indicate the need for the low income group, 73% of the retired Pharmacist to do more to distinguish Further to get information about the population have the same opinion. In Kolkata themselves from other support staff in the storage of medicines we asked people if they 64 % of the students say that the chemists outlets have seen a refrigerator in the medicines never explained them about the expiry date Look/Appearance of store where they buy medicines. of the medications. Surprisingly the non- matriculate people have said that chemists Pharmacist Majority of people agree to have had have explained about the expiry date of the seen a fridge within the pharmacy premises. To find out what can aid in the better medicine in the city. In Mumbai also, mid In Bangalore 89% have seen a fridge, in income group and non matriculates and identification of trained or qualified person Mumbai 83% seen a fridge, and in Delhi and in medical shops we asked people about SSLC people felt that chemists never Kolkata also good number of people have explained about the expiry date of the what chemist should wear while giving the seen fridge in medical shops. Over all a good medicines. They were given options of white medicine. visibility of fridge can be seen across the coat/ identity badges or both. country in medical shops proving that the It has to be noted that, the information In Bangalore, 43% people want medicines are being stored as per their about the expiry date of the medications is pharmacist to wear both white coat and ID requirement. important information which has to be Pharma Times - Vol. 43 - No. 04 - April 2011 15
  • 5. communicated to the medicine buyers and 45% of retired population are also of the getting license to run a medical store. particularly so to the people from low income same opinion. In Bangalore, 57% said D. Pharma and groups, rural and retired population due to 31 % said B.Pharm is the minimum In addition it was also asked the their lack of proper education or dependency qualification of a chemist. In Mumbai, Kolkata consumers if anytime they were asked to on the chemist. and Delhi, 72%, 63% and 54% of people feel bring a "Cool Pack" or a "flask" before buying D.Pharm is the minimum qualification of a Information Provided on any specific medicines. Out of the total chemist respectively. population, 89% are of the opinion that either Storage of Medicines chemist didn't inform the customers to get a cool pack or they don't know what a cool pack Trustworthiness of a To find about whether the chemist is giving information about the proper storage is as far as medicines are concerned. It is Pharmacist of medicines after their purchase a query in encouraging to note that nearly 60% of the To determine whether people trust their this regard was posed to the respondents. consumers pan India, opine that chemist is chemist, we asked them if they think that a giving them information about the proper 58% of the total populations agree to chemist is a good source of information on storage of medicines and it would be good if the fact that the chemists explain about the medicines. The respondents were further all chemists would follow such practices in storage conditions of the medications quizzed about the usefulness of information future. whereas 44% each of rural and retired thus provided. population opined the contrary. In Bangalore Education Requirement The results are displayed in Figure 4. 51% populations haven't been explained by A query was posed to the respondents 77% of total population believes that the the chemist anytime about how and where to determine their awareness about the chemist is a good person to ask for to store the medicines. A similar situation was minimum qualification required to run a information regarding the usage and side seen with non-matriculate (66%), rural medical store. effects of the medicines, whereas 23% have (63%), and low income group people (60%). It is good to find out that around 85% of the belief that he is not a good person. Rural In Delhi, 43% of the students and 53% the people are well aware about B.Pharm/ area people believe in chemists more as of the retired people agreed to the fact that D.Pharm being the requisite for qualification compared to urban people. Also 67% people they were not explained about the storage as pharmacist, in fact around 61% of the total said that the given information has helped conditions. In Mumbai, 49% of non population in all four cities are also aware them and both the rural and people feel the matriculates, 44% of low income group and that D.Pharm is the minimum requisite for same in this case. Figure 4. Results of the Trust worthiness of Pharmacists graphs below where, A1Y : respondents who said the chemist is a good person to seek such information. A1N : respondents who said the chemist is not a good person to seek such information. A2Y : respondents who said such information has helped them to get better A2N : respondents who said such information has not helped them to get better TOTAL RESPONSE PERCEPTIONS IN BANGALORE PERCEPTIONS IN KOLKATA 16 Pharma Times - Vol. 43 - No. 04 - April 2011
  • 6. PERCEPTIONS IN DELHI PERCEPTIONS IN MUMBAI 85% of Mumbai people believe that sound a word of caution that this should not Chapter IV, Manufacture, sale and chemist is a good person to ask for lead to "complacency" but more needs to be distribution of drugs and cosmetics. information and 75% have told that they have done by Pharmacists to take this to even 2. http://www.pci.nic.in/RulesRegulations/ been benefited by such information. 81% of higher levels. PharmacyAct1948/Chapter1-5.aspx. Kolkata and 76% Bangalore people believe that chemist is a good & trustworthy. In Delhi Observations and Authors 3. D. B. Anantha Narayana, Kusum Devi, only 65% of people believe that chemist as Asha A. N. and Nimisha Jain "Percept- an information giver, and only 62% agrees Notes ions of consumers about Pharmacists - that this information has helped them. The study has for the first time brought Report of the results of a Market out documented quantitative data on the research conducted amongst consum- Elderly and retired people (90%) believe the chemist more and 75% of them availability of pharmacies/chemist outlets, ers in Bangalore and Delhi", Pharma feel that the information given by the chemist identification of chemist and outlets, Times, September 2009, Vol 42, No. has helped them to use medicines effectively. neatness, storage, belief in chemist and trust 9,15-18. As majority of the respondents opine in their roles and work done. These results 4. Ramesh Adepu and B G Nagavi, that a chemist is the good person to get point out that the visibility of "pharmacist" in "Public Perception of Community medicine related information, such professi- the medical shop needs to be enhanced Pharmacists in the State of Karnataka, onal services rendered by a chemist will go greatly. Pharmacists need to create a more India", in which many aspects of a long way in improving the image of the professional image and ease of identification pharmacist's role were found wanting pharmacist besides ensuring the proper within the outlet by wearing a specific dress, and not meeting the requirements, to administration (use) of medicines. uniform, badge is highly necessary and prove themselves as health care sooner the profession adopts it is better. More professionals". Ind. Jour. Hospital Ranking of Pharmacists work needs to be done to almost create a Pharmacy, Jan-Feb 2003, 15-18. brand image for a pharmacist that they are Number of studies done in USA and qualified and trained persons, knowledge on 5. Dr. Robert Frary, A brief guide to other countries report the ranking of Green and Red Cross signs, neatness of the questionnaire development, Place pharmacist in their country for their outlets, information provided to patients. The based education evaluation performance or service or behavior. In this authors also recognize that the study has collaborative available from http:// study consumers ranked a pharmacist in covered four major cities and surrounding www.testscoring.vt.edu/fraryquest.html) their opinion for their ethical behavior, after rural areas, though the proportion of the 6. Readers Digest, March, 2010. they have responded to all the questions respondents of urban and rural in each city amongst a doctor, a teacher, a chemist, and 7. Jeffrey M. Jones, Nurses Top Honesty is not same. Results of responses received a lawyer, by ranking them in the descending and Ethics List for 11th Year. Gallup, for questions related professional services, order. In such a context the response to this December 3, 2010. http:// future expectations and medicines are still question would mean "the consumers over www.gallup.com/poll/145043/Nurses- under analysis and would be reported all opinion about the Pharmacist/chemist". Top-Honesty-Ethics-List-11-Year.aspx separately Consumers ranked doctors first on an all India basis and even at regional basis. It was Acknowledgements interesting to note that a pharmacist was ranked at number 2 higher than a teacher Sincere appreciations and thanks to all and a lawyer on an all India basis and also the student volunteers for their contributions ATTENTION STUDENT in each of the region surveyed. This is in line to the project and each of them have been with an international finding reported recently given a certificate by DPT. Authors MEMBERS !! in Gallup poll conducted in the United States, acknowledge the encouragement and where pharmacists came in third position support by the Trustees of DPT and Student members are behind nurses and military officers as the Principals of the four colleges of pharmacy most trusted profession6. Also in a survey for permitting and encouraging their faculty requested to access their conducted by Readers Digest where people and students to participate in the project. We copies of Pharma Times online were asked to rank 40 everyday thank Ms. Ritu Walia, of Consumer Science at w w w.ipapharma.org / professionals and the Pharmacist was Department of HUL research, Bangalore for PTarchives.aspx. ranked fairly high in order7. her constant encouragement and inputs. May 2011 onwards, student This finding is highly encouraging and should be taken on board by pharmacy Bibliography members will not receive hard professionals who have been thinking 1. http://cdsco.nic.in/html/ copy of Pharma Times. otherwise and have been critical of the public copy%20of%201.%20d&cact121.pdf. image of a chemist. Authors also wish to The drugs and cosmetics act, 1940, Pharma Times - Vol. 43 - No. 04 - April 2011 17