This document outlines a PhD research proposal on perceptions of neighbourhood open spaces (NOS) in rural Nigeria. It begins with background on NOS globally and in Nigeria. It notes challenges with planning and designing Oja (market squares) given ethnic diversity in Nigeria. The research aims to understand perceptions of Oja among Yoruba, Hausa and Igbo residents and how this influences sense of community. It outlines 4 research objectives, questions, and methodology involving surveys, interviews and observations across 3 case study towns. Preliminary results show the evolution of land use and spatial planning of Oja in Ijebu-jesa market over 3 phases from 1910 to present. Comparisons of land use across phases are also presented.

1. UTMUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
PERCEPTION OF RESIDENTS ON NEIGHBOURHOOD OPEN
SPACES TOWARDS ENHANCING RURAL SENSE OF
COMMUNITY IN NIGERIA
1
AGBOOLA OLUWAGBEMIGA PAUL
PB133002
PhD Candidate (Architecture)
Main Supervisor
DR. MOHD HISYAM RASIDI
Co- Supervisor
ASSOC. PROF. ISMAIL SAID
Date: Wednesday 23rd
November, 2016

2.  Research Purpose
 Research Process
 Research Outcome
Outline of Presentation
2

3. 1.0 Background of the study
TOPIC
• Perception of Residents on Neighbourhood Open Space
towards Enhancing Rural Sense of Community In Nigeria
IMPLY
• How does people Perceive, Utilises and Interacts Within Oja
as a Typical Neighbourhood Open Space ?
SIGNIFICANCE
• In order to Enhances Residents’ Sense of Community by
Overcoming Challenges that associates with Planning and
Design of Oja in Multi-ethnics Community of Nigeria
3

4. 1.0 Background of the study
4
Neighbourhood open
spaces…world wide
1.) Human’s environment
having free accessibility by
all users and groups
regardless of ethnic and
cultural background.
Lewicka (2005); Sivalioglu
et al.,, (2012)
2.)A neutral space having
opportunities for various
activities. Thwaites 2010;
Wolf et al., 2013
3.)Its successful design,
management, and planning
depends on creation of conducive
place for social interactions and
attractions. Lamit (2011); Attah
(2013)
4.) Its quality is determined by
character, adaptability, diversity
and availability of facilities.
Kazmierczak (2013); Peter et al.,
(2010)
Open space around homes in Uk,
(Kazmierczak, 2013)
Neighbouhood park in Poland
(Lewicka, 2005)
Community park in
Netherlands (Peter et al.,
2010)
Market in Malaysia (Zakariya et
al.,, 2016)

5. 1.0 Background of the study
5
Market
Square (Oja)
2. Easy accessibility,
and equal right of
use
Adejumo et
al., (2012); Dines
and Cattell (2006)
1.) Venue for
distribution of goods
and services
Omole et
al., (2014); Ogeah
and Omofonmwan
(2013)
3.) Effective
planning, design and
management of Oja
becomes necessary in
recent times
Oluwole 2000;
Omole et al.,2012;
Zakariya et
al., 2016
4.)For Future planning ,
management, and
improvement
Zakariya et
al.,(2016);
Ikelegbe (2005)

6. 1.0 Background of the study
6
Perception depends on individual
reasoning, engagement, and
cultural background
(Dinnie et al , 2013; Pillai 2013)
Sense of community
indicating feelings of
mutual trust, social
relations, shared concern
and community values
(Manzo and Perkins 2006;
McMillian and Chavis
1986).
Human perception
and Usage
Residents’ cognition, affect, behaviour
and social cultural system.
(Ismail 2011; Canter 1986; 1991)
The appraisal in terms of socio-cultural,
and physical condition of NOS
(Abdullah et al., 2013; Pillai 2013)
Human Perception of Neighbourhood Open Spaces and Sense of community

7. 1.0 Background of the study
Interactions between place
and people leads to cultural
adaptation
(Pillai, 2013; Rasidi et
al., 2011)
Outcome : Residents’
Sense of community
Perception of
Neighbourhood Open
Space : Natural and Built
environment
( Pillai 2013; Aydin and
Siramkaya 2014)
7
Enhancement of residents’ Sense of
community for appropriate people
and place relationship
(Francis et al., 2012).
Residents’ sense of community
variables : neighborliness and
community attachment (Mcmillan and
Chavis 1986; Farahani 2016).

8. 1.0 Background of the study
PEOPLE – ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS
( Andrew and Essien 2013)
Affection:
happiness, pride,
love
Cognition:
Memory, knowledge, s
chemas, Meaning
Behaviour:
proximity-
maintaining
Social: social
arena and
Social symbol
Physical:
Natural Built and
Man made
Cultural /Group:
Religion &
Historical
Individual:
Experience, Rea
lizations, Milest
one
Relationships between space, people and process
8

9. 2.0 Research Gap
 Focussing on people-environment relationships, little
efforts has been done to understand the different
perception ascribed MARKET SQUARE (Oja)
among the Igbos, Yoruba and Hausas in Nigeria.
 In furtherance to Chigbu (2013) study in Uturu a rural
community of South eastern, Nigeria, this study fill a-
gap in exploration of residents’ sense of community
among community residents in rural community of
South-West, Nigeria.
9
Environmental
psychology
Leisure
sciences
Landscape
architecture
Rural and
urban studies
Community
psychology and
geography
Researchers from various fields have studied
and identified place related theories under
various concepts.

10. Problem Associated With Ethnic Diversities in the utilization of Oja
(Attah, 2013;Alubo 2011; Ukiwo, 2006)
YORUBAS
HAUSAS
IGBOS
10
The 3-Groups constitutes between 60 -70 % of the total ethnics’ population in
Nigeria (Blench and Dendo 2003; Kollehlon 2003; Attah 2013)
3.0 Problem Statement

11.  CULTURE : Norms, commonalities
and abnormalities
 NEIGHBOURHOOD
OPEN SPACE
-Market square
Individual and
groups’
identity and
diversities
Challenges:
OJA
1. Spatial planning problem (Conflicts in utilization and participation resulting
to loss of sense of community) (Attah, 2013; Ojie & Ewhrudjakpor 2009)
2. Poor landscape condition, facilities and amenities (Absence of vegetation)
(Officha et al., 2012).
3. Residents’ opinions in the decision-making process concerning the
management, design and planning are underrated. Oduwaye 1998)
4. The decline in SOC in recent time in various communities of both
developing and developed Nations calls tor study (Putnam, 2000).
 RESIDENTS
3.0 Problem Statement
11

12. 12
Conflict in Utilizations of Oja
3.0 Problem Statement
Guardian Newspaper report dated 23rd May, 2015: Ekiti’s largest market razed
(Source: www.ngrguardiannews.com. Accessed on June 9th 2015)

13. 4.0 Significance of Study
 Studying peoples’ interpretation
of places and attachment:
determines appropriate sharing
and utilization resulting to
harmonious interrelationships
termed sense of community.
(Williams and Patterson 1996;
Francis et al., 2012; Mannarini et
al., 2005)
Oja & Rural
community
13
The outcome of the research
frame work models : Architects,
Landscape designers, Policy
makers, and developers in creating
effective design, management and
planning. therefore ameliorates
conflict problem that characterizes
ethnically diverse community
(Oluwole 2000; Omole et al, 2012; Zakariya,
et al.,2016).

14. 5.0 Research Underpinnings
Research
Underpinning
1:
Research
Underpinning
2:
Place Attachment theory:
based on human interaction
and relationships within the
physical environment
Perceptual & Place meaning
theories: are based on users’
experiences and reflections
of socio-cultural identities.
Tuan (1984);
Cresswell (2004);
Morehouse (2008);
Morgan (2010)
Low and Altman
(1992); Kyle et. al.,
(2004); Scannell and
Gifford (2010).
14

15. 15
6.0 Map of the Study areas

16. 6.0 Base map of the case study areas
E
A
D
C
B
16
Open space between
and around the building
Neighbourhood street
Neighbourhood
transportation park
N
Neighbourhood
square (Oja)
Neighbourhood foot
path
Neighbourhood
playing ground
F
D

17. 6.0 Neighbourhoods Case study Towns showing
the market coverage areas
17
Case study 1 Case study 2 Case study 3

18. 18
RO1
Exploration of the evolution and physical spatial development
of Oja in rural community of South west, Nigeria.
RO2
Identification of the perception of Oja among Yoruba, Hausa
and Ibos ethnic residents, resulting to place attachment.
RO3 Determining the impact of residents’ utilization of Oja on
Sense of community.
RO4 To assess the residents’ satisfaction degree through the use of
Oja
.
.
 Determining the significance of Oja as a neighborhood opens
space towards enhancing effective rural sense of community
in Nigeria.
AIM
7.0 Research Aim and Objectives

19. 8.0 Research Questions
19
RQ 4 Does residents’ satisfaction with Oja is a function of their
utilization?
RQ 3 Does residents’ utilization of Oja influence the residents’ sense of
community?
RQ 2 Does the residents’ perception on Oja differ among the three ethnic
groups?
RQ 1
What are the factors that contributed to the evolution and
physical spatial development of Oja and the neighbourhood
community?

20. 9.0 RESEARCH PROCESS and ANALYSIS
.
.
Rural morphology
Spatial planning, land
use analysis and
significance of Oja
.
Analysis
SPSS, AMOS, Content Analysis And Behavioral Mapping
RO #1
Transformation in spatial
planning of Oja as rural
landscape
RO #2
Meanings attributed to
Oja among Yoruba,
Hausa and Ibos ethnic
residents.
RO #3
Impact of utilizing Oja on
creating sense of
community.
RO #4
Impact of residents’
utilization of Oja on
their satisfaction
within the Oja.
.
.Residents’perceptual
characteristics, attitudes
and preference
Perception, attitudes
and sense of community
Perception, attitudes
and satisfaction
Methodology
Land use analysis;
Methodology
Survey questionnaires (n-382); Focus group (n-35); Observation (n-50)
Analysis
AutoCAD and ArcGIS
TRIANGULATIONS
.
.
PHYSICALAND SOCIAL FACTORS:
Significance of Oja, Meaning of Oja, and Residents’ sense of community
.
IMPLICATIONS : POLICY, DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT
Sustainability of Oja, and the community 20

21. Period 1910-1959
(Phase 1)
Period 2000-2015
(Phase 3)
1 2
3
10. Result and Discussion for objective 1: The three
transformation in spatial planning of Ijebu-jesa
market from ArcGIS software
21
Period 1960-1999
(Phase 2)

22. High chief house within
the market square
Market main access road
(core area linking
neighbouring villages)
Market areas meant for displaying agricultural
products
10. Result and Discussion for objective 1: The current
stage in spatial planning of Ijebu-jesa market
22

23. 11.0 Result and Discussion for Objective 1: Comparison of
the land use analysis
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Phase 1:
Percentages (%)
Phase 2:
Percentages (%)
Phase 3:
Percentages (%)
LAND USE
Area covered by the educational institutions
structures
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Phase 1:
Percentages (%)
Phase 2:
Percentages (%)
Phase 3:
Percentages…
Area covered by the residential and
government structures
LAND USE
Phase 1
:1910-1959 (50 years)
Phase 2
:1960-1999 (40 years)
Phase 3
:2000-2015 (15 years)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Land use (Km2)
Phase 1:
Percentages (%)
Phase 2:
Percentages (%)
Phase 3:
Percentages (%)
LAND USE
Area covered by the Oja
23
The transformation
periods

24. 11.0 Result and Discussion for Objective1:Comparison of
the land use analysis
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Phase 1:
Percentages (%)
Phase 2:
Percentages (%)
Phase 3:
Percentages (%)
Area covered by the religious
structures
LAND USE
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Phase 1:
Percentages (%)
Phase 2:
Percentages (%)
Phase 3:
Percentages (%)
Areas covered by the green space
and open space coverages
LAND USE
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Phase 1:
Percentages (%)
Phase 2:
Percentages (%)
Phase 3:
Percentages (%)
Total coverage areas
LAND USE
Phase 1
:1910-1959 (50 years)
Phase 2
:1960-1999 (40 years)
Phase 3
:2000-2015 (15 years)
24
The transformation
periods

25. 11.0 Result and Discussion for Objective 1: Ijebu-jesa
Neighborhood's physical conditions
Services (Bore hole) located
within the market square
Road network within the market square
Shopping complex within
the market square
25

26. 11.0 Result and Discussion for Objective 1: Ijebu-jesa
Neighborhood's physical conditions
One – One Interview
with the high chief
Market main access road (core area
linking neighbouring villages)
Services (Bore hole) located within the
market squareVehicular route in to the market
26

27. 12.0 Quantitative Result from SPSS & AMOS tools:
Response rate analysis- Obj. 2, 3 & 4
27
No of
Questionnaires
Distributed
500
No of
Questionnaires
Returned
414
Response rate 82.8%
Supported by Moser &
Kalton (1971).
Lower than 40%
unacceptable
No of
Incomplete
Questionnaires
15
No of Wrongly
filled / Invalid
responses
17
NO OF
QUESTIONNAIRES
SUITABLE FOR
ANALYSIS
382
Pilot study research assistants
Main survey research assistants

28. 12.0 Combined chart of Respondents' Demographical
Characteristics: Quantitative result from SPSS tool
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Male
Female
Married
Single
Widowed
Divorced
Refused
12–18years
19-29years
30-59years
60>years
Governmentemployed
Selfemployed
Notemployed
Student
Apprentice
Retired
Others
NoEducation
Highschool
Bachelor/1sDegree
Postgraduate
1-3years
4-6years
7-10years
11years’above
1-2persons
3-5persons
6persons
Christianity
Islam
Traditionalist
Veryoften
Often
Sometimes
Rarely
Mon5-12noon
After1-4pm
Eve-5-6pm
Night-7-12pm
Lessthan5min
5min-10min
10-15min
Above15min
Less15minutes
15minutes-30minutes
30minutes–1hr
1hrabove
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
Veryoften
Often
Sometimes
Rarely
Never
Ijebu-jesa
Iloko
Ijeda
Demographical characteristics of Ethincs' groups Users of Oja extracted
extracted for Cross tabulation analysis
Yoruba Ibos Hausa Total
28

29. 13.0 Result and Discussion for objective 2:
Residents’ perceptions on meanings of Oja
29

30. 13.0 Result and Discussion for Objective 2:
Residents’ perceptions on meanings of Oja
Dependant Variables Mean Difference Sig. level (p ≤0.05)
OSP2 (Social meaning
of Oja
Yoruba-0.492 p ≤ 0.015
Hausa-0.492 p ≤ 0.015
OSP3 (Aesthetics
meaning of Oja)
Yoruba-0.583 p ≤ 0.015
Igbos-0.583 p ≤ 0.015
OSP5 (Cultural
meaning of Oja)
Yoruba-2.24 p ≤ 0.015
Hausa-2.14 p ≤ 0.015
Igbos-2.24 p ≤ 0.015
Post Hoc Test of Group Difference: (Multiple comparisons)
For economic meaning (OSP1) and Religious meaning(OSP4) non-significance mean
differences were exhibited i.e (p≥0.05) among the three groups.
30

31. 14.0 Results and Discussion Obj. 3 & 4 Using AMOS tool
Unidimensionality:
Achieved
All measuring items have
acceptable factors loadings greater
than 0.5 for the respective latent
constructs
Reliability :
Achieved
-Internal Reliability (Cronbach
Alpha greater 0.7)
-Composite Reliability (CR value
greater than 0.7)
Validity:
Achieved
-Construct Validity (Fitness Indexes achieved)
-Convergent Validity (AVE &CR bench mark achieved)
-Discriminant Validity ( AVE values greater than the
square of correlations estimates between the constructs
31
Acceptability
of the Models
AMOS tools was developed for analysis of SEM as a multivariate analysis technique that
encompasses standard methods such as multiple regression. SEM has the advantage of
modelling relationships between latent variables after accounting for measurement
errors (Bollen, 1989; Awang, 2015)

32. 15.0 Result and Discussion of Obj.3 : Impact of open space
Utilization on Residents’ Sense of Community
32Francis, et al.,(2012); Pretty, et al.,(2003); Worley (2010); Talen (2000);
Kim and Kaplan 2004

33. 16.0 Result and Discussion of Obj.4 : Impact of open space
Utilization on Residents’ Satisfaction within the neighbourhood
33
Shumaker and Taylor (1983); Stedman (2002); Yuksel, et
al., (2010); Sivalioglu and Berkoz, (2012)

34. 17.0 50 Participants’ Observation” at the three neighbourhood
market square- Qualitative aspect substantiating RO 2 & 3
Ijebu-jesa Market
Iloko Market
Ijeda Market
34

35. 17.0 Results of Participants’ Observation:
Qualitative aspect substantiating RO 2 & 3
35

36. 17.0 Results and Discussion of Participants’
Observation: Qualitative aspect substantiating RO 2 & 3
Long, medium and short interactions occurred among the three ethnic groups in the three
markets. While both active and passive livelihood activities were initiated (Jim and
Chen, 2010; Vagale (1972)
Summary: Increase in interactions would further enhance the sense
of community, well-being and neighbourliness among the residents
(Dines et al., 2006).
Medium interactions rivalry and competition to make sales among same
vendors and prospective buyers (Schmidt and Németh, 2010)
Short interaction casual encounter greetings and chartings. Certain groups tends
to have less interaction than others (Abdullah et al., (2013).
Long interactions purpose of interactions trading, religious, cultural
and social activities (Ajetunmobi, 2010; Schmidt and Németh, 2010).
36

37. 18.0 Focus group participants’ profile (N=35)
Qualitative aspect
37
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Focus Group Participants' Profile
Number of participants Percentage (%)

38. 19.0 Focus Group pictures: Qualitative method
Yoruba focus group session 38

39. Research Questions Main theme General consensus decisions from
the three sessions
Findings and Recommendation
RQ(2a) Residents’ interpretation of
traditional market square Residents’ utilization and preferential
activities
(i)commercial & economic activities
(ii)social place (iii)traditional &cultural
event
Yoruba: Commercial & Heritance from
forefathers
Igbo &Hausa/Fulani: commercial centre
RQ(2b) Residents’ attachment to market
square
Physical and social attachment Not willing to be relocated Long habitation, cultural and traditional
affiliations (performance of spiritual rites)
RQ(3a)Does sharing market brings
harmonious relationships among
community residents
Sense of community and Social
relationships
Positive and cordial
relationship(i)willingness to share(ii)inter-
marriage among diverse groups(iii)feeling
of neighbourliness among
residents(iv)community meetings often
held in the market square.
Sharing brings togetherness,
neighbourliness, and sense of
community
RQ(3b)Perception of conflict and dominance Conflict Perceptual dimension
Minor conflict due to (i) limited space to
display goods (ii) struggles to sell goods to
customer (iii) language differences.
Tolerance and endurance among the
ethnics
RQ3c.Conflict resolution methods Dispute management
Amicable resolution through (i)market
leaders intervention (ii)community
chiefs & ethnics groups leaders
Hierarchy in conflict resolution
techniques
RQ4a.Residents satisfactions, challenges
and suggestions.
Appraisal of Physical
environmental conditions
(i)low market maintenance (ii)need for
facilities and amenities upgrade(iii) need
for security surveillance
Government intervention through (i)re-
planning/re-structuring (ii)policy
formulations(iii) community involvement
RQ4b Market Improvement
strategies(Planning, design &management)
(i)Community involvement
(ii)Government intervention
(iii)NGO’s/Private involvement
(i) Planning indices
(ii) Policy formulation perception
(i)Re-planning/Re-development/expansion
(ii)Policy for community
intervention(market committee)
19.0 Consensus Results from Focus Group Interview: substantiating RQ 2, 3, & 4

40. 20.0 Research New Findings
Meanings of Oja among the Ethnics Groups
40

41. 20.0 Research New Finding
5 main relationships among 10 actors
Legend
41

42. 21.0 Implications of the study
 Reinforcement/consolidation of the power bestowed on market management
committee in decision-making process towards resolving the conflict and
promotion of social relationship among actors. Hence, the values of
coexistence, cooperation, and tolerance could be meaningful.
 Proper open space management policy to guide the maintenance Oja is
pertinent.
 There is a strong need for government policy formulation on Involvements of
community ethnic residents’ engagement and active involvement in the
provision, design, and management process of public space.
 Community residents’ opinion and views in all aspects of
planning, design, implementation and management of Oja ensure equitable
ownership and community neighbourliness.
Theoretical Implication
(Management Policy formulation)
42

43. 21.0 Implications of the study
 Re-planning and expansion of the spatial layout of Oja are suggested to
accommodate the social interaction spaces. The inclusion of the spaces at
various strategic locations within the Oja will promote inter-ethnic relationship
where users can share their thought, feelings, and ideas.
 The provision of natural elements would improve residents’ comfort, pleasant
experience, and quality of the environment. Adoption of greenery would better
improve Oja attractiveness, aesthetics, and residents’ well-being.
 Provision of facilities and amenities such as enough stalls and adequate facilities
like water, electricity, good roads, security office, fire service station, parking
spaces, waste disposal point with incinerator will further improve resident’s
satisfaction and utilization of Oja.
 Integration of peculiar place characteristics and residents’ cultural values into
the planning and design of Oja.
Practical Implication
(Planning and Design Implication)
43

44. 22.0 Recommendations
Open space area
within the market
with proposed
social interaction
spot
Entrance
through Ado-
Ekiti- Aramoko
road
Entrance
through
Iloko/Ijeda road
Area occupied by
Ojubo-orisa with
proposed social
interaction spot
Entrance
through Ilesa
road
Entrance through
Ijebu-jesa core
center
Area occupied by
shopping complex
with proposed
social interaction
spot
Area occupied by
permanent stall with
proposed social
interaction spot
Area occupied by afin and
the town hall with
proposed social interaction
spot
44
Tangible composition
of Oja with proposed
social interaction
spots to improve
residents’ sense of
community

45. 22.0 Recommendations
Recommended model of re-
planning Oja
Recommended model of
neighbourhood sustainability
45

46. 23.0 Research contributions to Knowledge
2
The study fills the knowledge gap by identifying
the morphology of a rural neighbourhood as
showcased by the residents’ culture and character
favouring future rural planning and design in
Nigeria.
3
The study fills the knowledge gap on the cultural
sustainability development of neighborhood open
space through residents’ perceptions, utilization, and
attachment towards enhancing the sense of
community in Nigeria
1
Establishment of a new meaning and hub of
relationships in people and neighborhood
open space study in Nigeria as showcased by
culture and the character of diverse ethnic
residents.
46

47. 4
Stakeholders such as policy and decision
makers, planners, architects, and designers’ knowledge
are enriched with the significance of re-planning
neighborhood open space where relocation proved
difficult due to residents’ physical and social attachment.
5
The research framework could be adopted as a
strategy tool for policy formulation and
development of neighborhood open space by the
three tiers of local, state and the federal
government of Nigeria.
23.0 Research contributions to
Knowledge
47

48. 1. Oluwagbemiga Paul Agboola, Mohd Hisyam Rasidi, Ismail Said (2015 ): Neighbourhood Open
space As Cultural Heritage Value in Multi-ethnic Community of South-West Nigeria. Asian
Journal of Humanities and Social Studies (ISSN: 2321 – 2799) Volume 03, Issue 01, Pp 38-50.
2. Oluwagbemiga Paul Agboola, Mohd Hisyam Rasidi & Ismail Said (2016). Residents’
Contribution towards Improving Physical Quality of Neighbourhood Open Spaces in Multi-
Cultural Community of Nigeria. Journal of Advanced Research in Social and Behavioural
Sciences. ISSN (online):2462-1951. Vol.2, No1. Pp 75-92.
3. Oluwagbemiga Paul Agboola, Mohd Hisyam Rasidi & Ismail Said (2016). Challenges in
Sharing Neighbourhood Open Space among Residents in South-West, Nigeria.
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Research Vol. 4, No. 2. ISSN 2309-
3218. Pages 34-49.
48
24.0 Journal Indexed publications

49. 1. Oluwagbemiga Paul Agboola, Mohd Hisyam Rasidi, Ismail bin Said, Solomon
Dyachia Zakka, & Abdul-Wahab Shuaibu (2016). Residents’ Social Interactions
And Its Impact On Community Well-being: Insight From Rural Market Squares In
Nigeria. Accepted paper for publication in Jurnal Teknologi (IN PRINT).
2. Oluwagbemiga Paul Agboola, Mohd Hisyam Rasidi, Ismail bin Said, Solomon
Dyachia Zakka, & Abdul-Wahab Shuaibu (2016). Investigating Ethnic Residents’
Satisfaction Within Neighbourhood Open Space Towards Achieving Appropriate
Improvements In South-west Nigeria. Accepted paper for publication in Indian
Journal of Science and Technology (IN PRINT).
49
25.0 Journal Indexed publications
( IN PRINTS)

50. 1. Oluwagbemiga Paul Agboola, Mohd Hisyam Rasidi; & Ismail Said (2014): Neighbourhood Open Space’s
Attachment and Utilization Characteristics among ethnic groups in rural community of Southwest, Nigeria. 1st
conference proceedings of International Alliance for Sustainable Urbanization and Regeneration. Theme
“Sustainable Society as our Challenge”. Held between 24th-27th October, 2014 at Kashiwa, Japan. Pp 121-128.
(http://www. iasur.org).
2. Oluwagbemiga Paul Agboola, Mohd Hisyam Rasidi; & Ismail Said (2015): Conflicts and Dominance among
Ethnic Residents in Sharing Neighbourhood Open Space in South-West, Nigeria. International Conference
proceedings on Innovation in Science and Technology (ICIST) . 20th April,2015 at Universiti Technologi
Malaysia, Menara Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Pp200-203.
3. O. P. Agboola, M. H. Rasidi, I. Said, S. D. Zakka & A. Shuaibu (2016). Investigating Ethnic Residents
Satisfaction within Neighbourhood Open Space Towards Achieving Appropriate Improvements in South West
Nigeria. Proceedings of 2nd International conference on Science, Engineering and the Social Sciences. (ICSESS,
2016) UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. 29th -1st June, 2016. Pages 157-158. ISBN 978-38176-0-4.
50
26.0 Conferences Proceedings

51. 4. Oluwagbemiga P. Agboola, Mohd. Hisyam Rasidi, I. Said, S. D. Zakka & A.
Shuaibu (2016). Exploration of Residents’ Social Interactions in Market Square and
Its Impact On Community Wellbeing. Proceedings of 6th International Graduate
Conference on Engineering, Science & Humanities (IGCESH 2016). Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, 15 -17 August 2016. Pages 347-349.
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26.0 Conferences Proceedings

52. Terima Kasih !
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