This document summarizes a presentation on metaprogramming in Ruby. It discusses: 1) What is metaprogramming - writing code that writes code. 2) Metaprogramming techniques in Ruby include opening classes at runtime to modify behavior, using dynamic dispatch to avoid duplication, and defining singleton methods to add methods to individual objects. 3) Ruby's busy runtime gives power for introspection and modification of language constructs at runtime, enabling techniques like metaprogramming. This allows the language to grow and be customized more easily.

1. Metaprogramming the Ruby
way
Joannah Nanjekye
RubyConf Kenya, 8th, June, 2017

2. About Me
• Joannah Nanjekye (@Captain_Joannah)
• Software Engineer
• Aeronautical Engineering Student
• Organizer Rails girls Kampala
• RGSoC Alumnae (2016)
• Outreachy Intern with Ceph (May - August 2017)
• FOSS contributor & Authoring something tech.

3. Outline
What is metaprogramming
Metaprogramming techniques

4. What is Metaprogramming
Writing code that writes code for food.

5. A look at languages
C ++ - language constructs are no more during runtime.
Java - c# - language constructs survive enough to be
introspected.
Ruby - Runtime is very busy with constructs much alive.

6. Ruby’s busy runtime gives us
powerTo do introspection at runtime
class Hello
def initialize(word)
@word = word
end
def shout
Puts word
end
end
obj = Hello.new("Hello world")
puts obj.class.name #Hello
puts obj.instance_of?(Hello) #true
puts obj.methods.inspect
puts obj.instance_variables.inspect #@word

7. Ruby’s busy runtime gives us power
To modify constructs at runtime

8. Therefore...
Writing code that manipulates language constructs at runtime.

9. Motivation
Ability for the Language to grow.
Make the language dance to you.
Avoid Duplication.
Manage Scopes.
Add methods to objects.

10. Problem1 : Ruby not dancing to our tune
def strip_alphanumeric(s)
s.gsub /[^ws]/, ''
end

11. Open Classes to the rescue

12. Note on Open Class (Monkey
Patch)
• Do you really have to open the class?
• May make sense for generic methods to the class.
• Alternatively Just add a new method to the class.

13. Problem2 : Duplication

14. Dynamic Dispatch and Methods to
the rescue
Dynamic Dispatch Dynamic Methods

15. Reviewing the duplicated code

16. Note : Dynamic Dispatch
• Using send breaks Encapsulation unwillingly.

17. Problem 3 : Work Around scopes

18. Rescue 1 : Nested Lexical scopes

19. Rescue 2 : Shared Scopes

20. Note : Breaking Encapsulation
Do if you must.

21. Problem 4 : Adding methods to
object

22. Singleton Methods to the rescue