Rock'n'Roll
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The early days of rock'n'roll, with examples by Bill Haley, Big Joe Turner, Little Richard, Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley, and Buddy Holly.
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Rock'n'Roll
- 1. MUSC 1800: Popular Music Rock’n’Roll Dr. Matthew C. Saunders Lakeland Community College C-1078
- 2. Performance Report • Have you attended a concert for your performance report yet? • Remember that you will need: – A reaction to the concert – Evidence that you attended • Make sure that your event qualifies as explained in the assignment.
- 3. What is “cool?” • The idea of “cool” comes into being in the 1950s, and rock’n’roll is the vehicle through which “cool” is presented to a mass audience. • Five main elements of rebel cool, ca. 1950-1990 – Oppositional style (psychopathic rebellion) – Experience of the sense of the body – Detached emotional style – Masculine regeneration – Sexual liberation Adapted from: Quartz, Steven and Anette Asp. Cool: How the Brain’s Hidden Quest for Cool Drives Our Economy and Shapes Our World. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2015, pp. 175-196.
- 4. Why is the Rock’n’Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland? • Alan Freed (1922- 1965) – Disc Jockey, WJW 850 – An aircheck from 1954 • What does “rock’n’roll” mean?
- 5. Rock’n’Roll and Teenagers • Disposable income • Reaction • Crossover appeal • Teenaged performers – Frankie Lymon – Paul Anka – Ricky Nelson
- 6. Cover Versions • Nothing new • No copyright for an arrangement • “Cleaned up” • An example: “Shake, Rattle, and Roll,” 1954 – Big Joe Turner – Bill Haley and the Comets
- 7. 1955: Rock’n’roll becomes mainstream • Bill Haley: “Rock Around the Clock,” 1955 (TV, 1956) – First rock’n’roll song to be a Number One pop hit
- 8. R&B Rock’n’Roll Stars • Chuck Berry (b. 1926) – “School Days,” 1957 – “Roll Over Beethoven,” 1956 • Little Richard (Richard Wayne Penniman) • “Tutti Frutti,” 1956 • “Good Golly Miss Molly,” 1957
- 9. R&B Rock’n’Roll Stars • Antoine “Fats” Domino (b. 1928) – “Ain’t That a Shame,” 1955 – “My Blue Heaven,” 1956
- 10. Country Rock’n’Roll Stars • Buddy Holly – “That’ll Be the Day,” 1957 – The Day the Music Died (February 3, 1959) • Elvis Presley (1935- 1977) • “Don’t Be Cruel,” 1956 • “Hound Dog,” 1956 (Ed Sullivan Show)
Editor's Notes
- Alan Freed (1922-1965) Disc Jockey, WJW 850 Played and promoted R&B records Coined the term rock’n’roll An aircheck from 1954 Moved to larger radio markets, and eventually television Eventually found guilty of accepting payola What does “rock’n’roll” mean? Derived from song lyrics, originally sexual
- Adolescents with disposable income Reaction to relatively homogeneous sound of the early 1950s Broad appeal Rock’n’roll appeared simultaneously on the pop, country and R&B charts Songs appealing directly to teenage interests Teenaged performers Frankie Lymon Paul Anka Ricky Nelson
- Re-recording songs that were already hits was nothing new Major labels began to capitalized on the discoveries of smaller labels An individual arrangement or interpretation can not be copyrighted Cover versions often featured white artists and “cleaned up” lyrics An example: “Shake, Rattle, and Roll,” 1954 Big Joe Turner Bill Haley and the Comets
- Record industry gets behind rhythm and blues Cover versions often propelled the first big stars Bill Haley: “Rock Around the Clock,” 1955 First rock’n’roll song to be a Number One pop hit Rock’n’Roll continued to be one of several styles on the charts
- Chuck Berry Celebrations of American middle-class youth style Most tunes based on 12-bar blues “School Days,” 1957 “Roll Over Beethoven,” 1956 Little Richard (Richard Wayne Penniman) Piano-based songs based on 12-bar blues Verse-chorus structure Lyrics often baffling to censors “Tutti Frutti,” 1956 “Good Golly Miss Molly,” 1957
- Antoine “Fats” Domino (b. 1928) Well-established in R&B prior to 1955 R&B and Rock’n’roll songs were essentially in the same style Often recorded Tin Pan Alley standards in R&B style “Ain’t It a Shame,” 1955 “My Blue Heaven,” 1956
- Elvis Presley (1935-1977) Began career with Sun Records, bought out by RCA Victor in 1955 Slapback sound Hillbilly sound marketed to the mainstream by image control Mixture of R&B and “doo-wop” sounds (Jordanaires) Best-selling solo artist in popular music history “Don’t Be Cruel,” 1956 “Hound Dog,” 1956 (Ed Sullivan Show) Buddy Holly Inspired by Presley to move from country to rock’n’roll Combination of 12-bar blues with song forms Started to explore more complex textures and recording techniques “That’ll Be the Day,” 1957 The Day the Music Died (February 3, 1959)