Rio de Janeiro is located on the coast of Guanabara Bay. Some key features around the bay include the Rio-Niterói bridge, which connects Rio to Niterói and was once the second longest bridge in the world. There are several historic forts around the bay, including Fortaleza de Santa Cruz and Fortaleza de São João. The bay also contains landmarks like Sugarloaf Mountain and features reclaimed land like Flamengo Park.

1. Rio de Janeiro
The city by the Guanabara Bay - 2016
MAURO FRIEDRICH
TOUR GUIDE

2. Guanabara Bay
Rio de Janeiro and Nicteroy cities
Niterói

3. Guanabara
Bay
Forte da Ilha da Laje
(Rock Island Fort)
Fortaleza de Santa Cruz
(Holy Cross Fortress)
Fortaleza de São João
(Saint John Fortress)
Tom Jobim
Airport
(GIG)
Santos Dumond
Airport
(SDU)

4. Guanabara Bay
Rio – Nicteroy Bridge
 Official name:
 President Costa e Silva Bridge
 Lenght: 13,29 kilometers (= 8,245 miles)
 2nd World’s Longest Bridge (1974 – 1985)
 11th World’s Longest Bridge (2016)
 1 st South Hemisphere’s Longest concrete block bridge
 Span: 8 traffic lanes (4 lanes each hand)
 Cross over Guanabara Bay between Rio de Janeiro and
Nicteroy cities
 Construction period:
 November 9th 1969 - March 4 th 1974
 Official opening ceremony date:
 March 4th 1974

5. Guanabara Bay
Rio – Nicteroy Bridge (Central Span)
 Height :
 72 meters ( = 236 feet) above
sea level.
 Traffic :
 140.000 vehicules daily.
 Toll Bridge by ECO Ponte

6. Guanabara Bay
Rio – Nicteroy Bridge (inside picture)
 Bridge parts were assembled by
cranes on the spot during
construction

7. Guanabara Bay at dusk

8.  Location:
 Guanabara Bay entrance (Nicteroy side) -
Jurujuba
 1555 – French palisade with 2 cannons built
by french comander Nicolas Durand
Villegnagnon
 1584 – Portuguese fort built by portuguese
governor Salvador Correia de Sá, named
Bateria Nossa Senhora da Guia
 1612 – Portuguese governor Afonso de
Albuquerque up graded the premise to a
fortress status renamed Santa Cruz
Guanabara Bay
Fortaleza de Santa
Cruz
(Holy Cross
Fortress)

9. Guanabara Bay – Fortaleza de Santa Cruz
Some famous military and political prisioners at fortress
 José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva, Brazilian Independence
father (1823)
 Giuseppe Garibaldi, italian revolutionary (1837)
 Bento Gonçalves, Brazilian revolutionary (1837)
 Fructuoso Rivera, 1830 – 1834 first Uruguayan president
(1851)
 Euclides da Cunha, Brazilian writer (1888)
 Juscelino Kubitschek, 1956 – 1961 Brazilian president (1964)
Fortress jail cell carved under
rock

10. Guanabara Bay
Fortaleza de São João (Urca)
(Saint John Fortress)
 Location:
 Guanabara Bay entrance
 (Rio de Janeiro side)
 1565 – Built by the founder of the city
and first Rio de Janeiro governor
,Estácio de Sá, named Reduto São
Martinho.
 1618 – Up grade to fortress and
renamed as Fortaleza de São João.

11. Guanabara Bay
Fortaleza de São João (Urca)
(Saint John Fortress)
 First Rio de Janeiro Governor, Estácio de
Sá, founded São Sebastião do Rio de
Janeiro village at Praia Vermelha (Red
Beach) on March 1 1565

12. Guanabara Bay
Estacio de Sá Monument
 1563 – Estacio de Sá, the nephew of
Brazil General Governor, Mem de Sá,
arrived in Salvador, Bahia (first
colonial Brazilian capital)
 1565 – Mem de Sá assigned his
nephew to conquer Guanabara Bay
and expel french invaders, who settle
there since 1555 (10 years before).
 1565 – Estácio de Sá arrived at Praia
Vermelha (Red Beach) and founded
San Sebastian of Rio de Janeiro
village.
 1565 – 1567 – Two years of
combates between portuguese,
french and natives tribes of Tamoios
and Temiminós.
 1973 – Lucio Costa’s designed the
monument as a rock made obelisk.
Governor Estacio de Sá (1520 –
1567), founded Rio de Janeiro on
March 1st 1565

13.  Location: Ilha do Governador
 (Governor Island)
 1924 – Navy Air Force School and first national
airplanes factory.
 1935 – Correio Aéreo Nacional base
 1945 – Galeão International Airport
 1977 – New Galeão International Airport
 1999 – Renamed Tom Jobim International
Antonio
Carlos Jobim,
Brazilian
Maestro

14. Santos Dumont Airport (SDU)
 Location : Downtown Rio
 1934 – 1936 - Air field built
 1937 – Hidro planes terminal.
 1938 – First Rio’s airport passengers
terminal.
 2007 – New SDU passengers terminal
Alberto Santos Dumont, 1906’s Brazilian flight
pionner and his invention ,14 Bis glider

15. Guanabara Bay
Botafogo Beach
 Named after João de Souza Pereira Botafogo, landlord of the allotment (sesmaria – old portuguese plot of
uncultivated land assigned to settlers by the king of Portugal).

16. Guanabara Bay
Pão de Açúcar (Sugar Loaf)
 Location:
 Guanabara Bay entrance
 Height :
 396 meters (= 1.300 feet)
 1555 – French invaders named the
rock as “Pot de Beurre”
 Middle XIX Century – Portuguese
named it “Pão de Açúcar” due its
shape like “sugar loaf”.
 1912 - 1972 – First cable car system
 1972 – Up graded cable car system
and passenger terminals.
Sugar loaf
made of
sugar cane
on old mills
in Brazil

17. Guanabara Bay
Flamengo Park or Aterro (Landfill)
 1950 – First landfill movements.
 1954 – MAM – Modern Art Museum
 1955 – International Eucaristic Congress
 1959 – II World War Memorial
 1965 – Flamengo Park inaugurated
Flamengo beach
on 1959

18. Guanabara Bay
Flamengo Park or Aterro (Landfill)
 Official name:
 Brigadeiro Eduardo Gomes Park
 Length: 7 kilometers
 Area: 1,300,000 square meters
 Projected by:
 Affonso Eduardo Reydi (1909 – 1964)
 Landscape gardener by:
 Roberto Burle Marx
 Main Project Supporter:
 Lotta Macedo Soares (1910 – 1967)

19. Guanabara Bay
Outeiro da Glória (Glory Church)
 1555 – Outeiro hill or Leripe hill (also named by natives
“Uruçú-mirim”) were a place of french invaders palisade.
 January 20th 1567 – Governor and founder of Rio de
Janeiro city, Estácio de Sá, leading portuguese troops,
fought against french invaders. He succeed but he was
mortally wounded by an arrow shot on his face. He
conquered Rio’s land for the Portuguese crown.
 1608 – First Our Lady of Glory sculpture was set there by
portuguese settler named Ayres.
 1671 – First chapel built by a portuguese settler Antonio
Caminha, the hermit.
 1808 – Dom João VI, the Regent Prince of Portugal and
Brazil, arrived in Rio with all portuguese royalties. He
made made the little church one of his prefered churches.
 1819 – Princess Maria da Gloria, born in Rio de Janeiro,
(later Mary II, Queen of Portugal from 1834 to 1853) was
baptized at the church. Since then, all Bragança dinasty
members born in Brazil were baptized at the Outeiro
Church.

20. Guanabara Bay
Pracinhas Monument (II World War Memorial)
 Brazilian Armed Forces Commander
on II WW (FEB) and Brazilian Army
Marshall João Batista Mascarenhas
de Moraes (1883 – 1968) was the
great supporter for this memorial.
 1957 – 1959 – Under construction
 1960 - 462 Brazilian soldiers coffins
were brought from Pistóia Military
Cementery, in Italy to be buried here.
 Unkown Soldier Tomb with the
Memorial Flame is located under the
“Big Crutch”, popular nickname of
the “Great Victory Gateway”.
Alfredo Ceschiatti’s 3 Brazilian Armed Forces soldiers sculpture.
Julio Catelli Filho’s Brazilian Air Force
(FAB) sculpture

21. Guanabara Bay
MAM – Modern Art Museum
 1948 – MAM was founded by business group
leaded by Raymundo de Castro Maya.
 1951 – MAM was located at Culture Palace, at
Rio’s downtown.
 1952 – Rio’s City Council donated to MAM a 40
Thousand square meters land parcel on
Flamengo Park for future museum building.
 1954 – Affonso Eduardo Reidy projected the
building.
 1958 – First School block was inaugurated,
 1963 – Exhibhitions building was inaugurated.
 July 8th 1978 – Great fire destroyed 90%of all
museum artworks, including Picasso’s 1930’s
paiting serie of his mistress: “Dora Maar
Portrait”
 1982 – MAM re-opened at same site.

22. Guanabara Bay
Paquetá Island
 Paquetá means “too much pakas”
in Tupi (native tribe) language.
 Paka is a small rodent in South
America habitat.

23. Guanabara Bay
Paquetá Island (area map)

24. Guanabara Bay
November 15th Square (Praça XV)
 1565 – Praia da Piaçava
 1770 – Largo do terreiro da Polé, Largo do Carmo, Praça do Carmo
 1745 – Terreiro do Paço, Largo do Paço (Palace Square)
 1870 – Praça Dom Pedro II
 1899 - Praça XV de Novembro (date of Republican proclamation)
Master Valentin Fountain (1789)

25. Guanabara Bay
November 15th Square (Praça XV)
Dom João VI, Regent Princess of Portugal and Brazil, arrived in Rio on 1808,
up graded the city as Brazil and Portugal Kingdom capital.
Paço Municipal (City Palace) and first
Brazilian mint house (1745)
First Rio’s city building with glass
windows

26. Guanabara Bay
November 15th Square (Praça XV)
General Manuel Luis Osório (1808 – 1879), also known as General Osório,
Brazil –Paraguay 1865 - 1869 war veteran, and received after war ended a
rank of nobility as Marquês do Herval (Marquis of Herval). His estatue and
tomb was built on 1892 and on 1993 his remains were trasladed to the city
of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul.

27. Guanabara Bay
Ilha Fiscal (Fiscal Island)
 1881 - 1889 – Built as
Duane & Customs
Departament for Rio’s
harbour.
 November 13th 1889
– Took place here the
last Great Official Ball
of Brazilian Emperor,
before Republic
proclamation 2 days
later.

28. Guanabara Bay
Mosteiro de São Bento ( Saint Benedictus Monastery)
1590 – Founded by Benedictian Brotherwood
1633 – 1671 – Church was built in Maneirista
style.
1755 – Cloister was built.

29. Guanabara Bay
Tomorrow Museum (2015)
 Location:
 Praça Mauá
 (Mauá Square)
 Created by:
 Santiago Calatrava
(spanish arquitect)
 Inaugurated:
 December 17 th
2015

30. Guanabara Bay
Cais do Porto (Rio harbour)
 Built in 1903 – 1910
 Lenght: 6,740 meters
 Old coffee beans sacks wharehouse
1949 -1952 – Mauá Square Pier
2015 – The Tomorrow Museum

31. Guanabara Bay
Nicteroy city side
Nicteroy = “hidden waters” in native language
Population: 500.000 inhabitants
Area: 129 square kilometers
Fundation: November 22 1573
1567 – Grand Chief Arararibóia and the native
tribe Temiminós settle the area named as São
Lourenço dos Índios Village. Governor Estacio de
Sá gave them the right to settle there instead of
Paranapuan Island (now Governor Island).
1819 - 1834 – Named Vila Real da Praia Grande.
1835 - 1975 – Renamed Nicteroy, became Rio de
Janerio province capital.

32. Guanabara Bay
Nicteroy city (Nyemeyer Way)
 Designed by: Brazilian Architect
Oscar Nyemeyer
 10 buildings projected
 MAC (1995)
 Popular Theatre of Nicteroy (2007)
– Praia Grande – 380 seats inside.
 Extension: 11 kliometers

33. Guanabara Bay
Nicteroy city (Contemporaneous Art Museum - MAC)
 Designed by: Brazilian Architect
Oscar Nyemeyer
 MAC - Museu de Arte
Contemporânea (1995) – Boa
Viagem District