Social work knowleedge

2. Psychiatric Social Work
Principles to Practice
Chittaranjan Subudhi
RAWAT PUBLICATIONS
Jaipur New Delhi Bengaluru Guwahati Kolkata

3. ISBN 978-81-316-1372-6
© Author, 2024
No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information
storage and retreival system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
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Printed and bound in India

4. Contents
Foreword vii
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xv
Abbreviations xvii
List of Tables and Figures xix
1 Introduction to Mental Health 1
2 Psychiatric Social Work 19
3 Historical Development of Psychiatric Social Work 35
4 Classification and Assessment of Mental Disorder 54
5 Theoretical Approaches and Causes of Mental Disorders 85
6 Mental Health Infrastructure, Legislation and Programme in India 103
7 Treatment and Therapeutic Interventions for Mental Disorder 119
8 Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Community Mental Health 146
9 Contemporary Trends in Psychiatric Social Work Education 165
References 174

5. Preface
The social work profession now exists globally and has been rapidly accepted by
the general public due to its scientific evidence practice and addressing of social
issues. As it has expanded, the profession has developed many areas of speci-
ality, especially psychiatric social work. Along the same lines, the importance of
the psychiatric social work profession increased after World War I and acquired
an identity among the general population after COVID–19. As an emerging
profession, psychiatric social work has a variety of fields of practice that
includes children, adolescents, families, communities, people with special needs,
war victims, gender violence victims, LGBTQIA+, and many more contemporary
areas.
The origins of this book go back to a moment during the course on psychi-
atric social work that I conducted for students of Master of Social Work. I found a
lack of materials, mainly textbooks, in this field. The students are also facing
problems getting sufficient study materials. At some point, I realized I should
bring out a psychiatric social work textbook for both students and practitioners.
About the book
This book, Psychiatric Social Work: Principles to Practice, is a textbook for
students of psychiatric social work and its allied profession. This book focuses
on the aspect and practice of psychiatric social work in India. The book attempts
to illuminate the country’s models and practices of psychiatric social work. It
also presents a comparative analysis of theories, methods, and evidence-based
practice in psychiatric social work.
This book is written for those who wish to gain specialized knowledge of
social work practice in mental health. One of the book’s audiences is social work
graduate students opting for courses in or specializing in mental health. A
second audience is advanced undergraduate students interested in mental
health or preparing for a career in this field. A third audience is mental health
practitioners. Although this book was written from a social work perspective,
clinicians, practitioners, and students of allied professions, such as nursing and

6. psycho-social rehabilitation, may benefit from this volume. Other notable
features of this textbook are:
• Develops requisite knowledge, skills, and values in working with people
with mental illness
• Provides a historical context for understanding psychiatric social work
practice in India
• Provides interdisciplinary collaboration for a better understanding of
human problems, services, and issues related to mental health and mental
illness
• Imparts knowledge on extending services for community mental health for
promoting and preventive aspects of mental health problems
• Imparts knowledge on managing and providing psycho-social care for
persons with mental illness in clinical and community settings
• Provides knowledge and skills required while undertaking practice-based
research in psychiatric social work
The Rationale of the Book
The rationale of this book is to enhance the professional social worker’s
knowledge in the mental health field. To enable psychiatric social workers’ skills
to challenge the dominance of psychology and other allied professions in mental
health services, they must equip themselves with the skills and confidence to
critically appraise research and interventions conducted within their
paradigms. Psychiatric social workers should be trained with in-depth
knowledge to provide high-quality, evidence-based interventions. This publi-
cation is an entirely new textbook in psychiatric social work to accommodate
the Indian psychiatric social work scene. This book is one of the best sources of
knowledge about different dimensions of social work and mental health. This
book will be an addition in evidence-based social work practice in the psychi-
atric field.
Structure of the Book
The volume is broadly divided into nine chapters. It begins with an orienting
chapter, in which the reader is introduced to the leading concepts, themes, and
contexts addressed in the mental health field and the book.
Chapter Two describes the meaning, definitions, and concepts related to
psychiatric social work. The chapter also focuses on the role and functions of
psychiatric social workers in the clinical setup.
Chapter Three expands the discussion on tracing the historical devel-
opment of psychiatric social work in the UK, USA, and India in the context of a
long process of deinstitutionalization. The chapter also reviews the systematic
growth and development of psychiatric social work and its significance in the
contemporary world.
Chapter Four has been divided into two broad sections. The first section
discusses the classification of mental disorders based on the DSM and ICD
manuals. The content of the chapter (types of illness and their symptoms) has
been taken from the source of the ICD–11 manual published by the World Health
xii Preface

7. Organisation. The chapter’s second part discusses assessing mental disorders
and mental status examinations.
Chapter Five continues the theme of practice and theoretical approaches to
mental disorders that influenced the understanding of etiology, manifestations,
and the bio-psycho-social model of mental disorders.
Chapter Six explores the landscape of mental health legislation by giving an
account of the developments in British India. The chapter also elaborates on the
mental health infrastructure in India, mental health policy and programmes, and
a critique of the hindrances faced in mental health care services.
Chapter Seven starts with a brief overview of the treatment practice of
mental disorders in India. The chapter highlights the different treatment
methods for mental illnesses, like biological treatment, psychological treatment,
and indigenous therapies (Ayurveda, yoga, meditation, and spiritual practices).
Specifically, the chapter discusses different psychological therapies like human-
istic, client-centred, gestalt, and existential therapy in detail.
Chapter Eight introduces these concepts and contexts by explaining the
importance, principle, and methods of psychiatric interventions and rehabili-
tation. The chapter broadly focuses on psycho-social rehabilitation, integrative
mental health care, community mental health, and different approaches to
psychotherapy.
The concluding chapter discusses the contemporary trends in psychiatric
social work education, fieldwork practice, and supervision in the psychiatric
social work setup. The chapter also highlights future research in psychiatric
social work and the challenges of psychiatric social work education in India.
Learning Features
I believe the psychiatric social work profession has made heroic efforts to
provide quality social work services. This book attempts to capture the profes-
sion’s resilience and creativity by describing responsive social programmes and
the contributions of social work to them and presenting and discussing practice
illustrations.
The present book is a sincere attempt to provide a platform for academi-
cians and students on various aspects of the subject. To the extent possible, this
book has been written to help students theoretically and practically in the
psychiatric social work field as active participants. I do not doubt that this
textbook will constitute a landmark in the chronicles of psychiatric social work
in India.
Preface xiii

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