Revisão Inglês questão da provaupdated2.pptx

• BASAL- Nós não devemos perder essa chave em nenhuma circunstância.
• BASAL - We must not lose this key under any circumstances.
• Em nenhuma circunstância devemos perder essa chave.
• Under no circumstances must we lose this key.

• BASAL – He started doing his homework only after his mother told him to.
• Only after his mother told him to did he start doing his homework.
• He will start doing his homework only after his mother tells him to.
• Only after his mother tells him to, will he start doing his homework.
• He can start doing his homework only after his mother tells him to.
• Only after his mother tells him to, can he start doing his homwork.
• He would start doing his homework only after his mother told him to.
• Only after his mother told him to, would he start his homework.

QUANDO USAR?
Inversão após advérbios
• Quando começamos uma frase com um advérbio ou locução adverbial, às
vezes temos que mudar a ordem usual das palavras do sujeito e do verbo
(usando um verbo auxiliar ou modal) porque queremos enfatizar o
significado do advérbio.
• Usamos inversão quando movemos um advérbio que modifica o verbo para
o início de uma frase.
• Por exemplo:
• I had never seen so many people in one room. (= ordem normal das palavras)
• Never had I seen so many people in one room. (= inversão)

• Existem advérbios e expressões adverbiais com significado negativo, restritivo ou
enfático, que são seguidos de inversão quando colocados em primeiro lugar na
frase.
• Os advérbios e expressões adverbiais mais comuns são:
• Seldom (Raramente)
• Rarely
• Little (mal *nos casos de iniciar frase)
• In no way
• Scarcely (dificilmente)
• Hardly (dificilmente)
• No sooner than (não antes de/ não mais cedo
que)
• Not only … but (also)
• On no occasion/account/condition
• In/Under no circumstances
• Only after
• Only later
• Only once
• Only by
• Only then (só depois)
• Only when
• Only if (só se, somente se)
• Not until
• Never
• Never before
• Not since
• Neither/So (indicam concordância)

EXAMPLES
- I have two daughters and one son.
- So do I.
- I was at the mall.
- So was I.
- She will go to the gym at 7am.
- So will my brother.
- I didn’t have any money when I was
a kid.
- Neither did I.
- My father doesn’t like broccoli.
- Neither does my mother.

EXAMPLES
• On no occasion was the girl allowed to stay out late. – Em nenhuma ocasião
a garota era permitida de ficar fora a até tarde.
• Never had he had such a terrifying experience. – Nunca ele tinha tido uma
experiência tão terrível.
• Little did he know what his decision would cause. – Mal sabia ele o que sua
decisão causaria.

COMO FAZER AS INVERSÕES?
Exemplo: I will speak with him only after he apologizes. = ordem normal
Passo 1 – Procurar o advérbio. Dividir a frase em dois blocos (ou mais, dependendo da
frase).
“I will speak with him /// only after he apologizes.”
Passo 2 – “Only after” movido pro início da frase
• “Only after...”
Passo 3 – condição ou situação daquele bloco após o advérbio ou expressão adverbial
“Only after he apologizes...”
Passo 4 – Inverter as posições de auxiliar (ou modal ou verbo to be) e sujeito. Em alguns
casos, como no presente simples e passado simples, se não houver modal ou verbo to be
você adiciona o auxiliar.
“Only after he apologizes will I...”
Passo 5 – Adicionar o que restou da frase.
“Only after he apologizes will I speak with him.”

Exemplo: She can’t do that in any way. = ordem normal
Passo 1 – Dividir a frase em dois blocos (ou mais, dependendo da frase).
“She can’t do that /// in any way.”
Passo 2 – “any” está sendo usado na ordem original pois temos uma partícula negativa na
frase (=can’t). Devemos passar a expressão “in any way” para o início, porém devemos
modificar “any” por “no”, uma vez que iniciaremos a frase com a expressão adverbial.
“In no way...”
Passo 3 – condição ou situação daquele bloco após o advérbio ou expressão adverbial.
Nesse exemplo, não há nada após a expressão.
“In no way (...)...”
Passo 4 – Inverter as posições de auxiliar (ou modal ou verbo to be) e sujeito. Em alguns casos,
como no presente simples e passado simples, se não houver modal ou verbo to be.
“In no way can she ...”
“In no way can she do that”

Exemplo: He didn’t remember that he hadn’t done his homework until the teacher talked to
him. = ordem normal
Passo 1 – Dividir a frase em dois blocos (ou mais, dependendo da frase).
“He didn’t remember that he hadn’t done his homework // until the teacher talked to him”
Passo 2 – “not”, a expressão negativa, está no início da frase, porém ela se juntará com nosso
advérbio, “until”. Movemos então a expressão “not until” para o início.
“Not until...”
Passo 3 – condição ou situação daquele bloco após o advérbio ou expressão adverbial.
“Not until the teacher talked to him...”
Passo 4 – Inverter as posições de auxiliar (ou modal ou verbo to be) e sujeito. Nesse caso,
nosso auxiliar é o didn’t,porém já usamos a negativa no início da frase. Portanto, vamos
inverter o auxiliar normal, sem neativa, com o sujeito.
“Not until the teacher talked to him did he...”
“Not until the teacher talked to him did he remember that he hadn’t done his homework.”

OBS:
• O passo a passo não é uma regra absoluta, mas algo para tentar ajudar a
raciocinar sobre as partes de uma frase.
• É necessário entender o sentido da frase.

EXAMPLES
• I have never met someone who is so selfish (Never)
• Never have I met someone who is so selfish.
• I took care of you and I also treated you as if you were my own daughter.
(not only…but also)
• Not only did I take care of you, but I also treated you as if you were my own
daughter.
• I had // never felt so happy // before. (Never before)
• Never before had I felt so happy.

EXERCISES
MODEL
a) You will rarely see such a superb example of modern architecture (Rarely)
Rarely will you see such a superb example of modern architecture.
b) I rarely visit a city more than once, but this place is really special. (Rarely)
Rarely do I visit city more than once, but this place is really special.
c)I had never seen anything so breathtakingly beautiful before. (Never before)
Never before had I seen anything so breathtakingly beautiful.
d)You will only be able to experience the heart of this beautiful old town // by
wandering down its narrow side streets. (Only by)
Only by wandering down its narrow side streets will you be able to experience the
heart of this beautiful old town.

e)You will only begin to understand the special charm of this place // after
you have spent an evening there. (Only after you)
Only after you you have spent an evening there, will you begin to understand
the special charm of this place.
DEVER DE CASA
f)You can’t understand exactly how beautiful the view is until you climb to the
top. (Not until)
Not until you climb to the top can you understand exactly how beautiful the
view is,
g)You shouldn’t leave the town without going to this restaurant. (On no
account)
On no account should you leave the town without going to this restaurant.

DEVER DE CASA
• MODEL
a) I have never felt so happy before.
Never before had I felt so happy.
b) We didn’t realize how far we had come until we had reached the top.
Not until we had reached the top did we realize how far we had come.
c) We could relax and enjoy ourselves only once the show was over.
Only once the show was over could we relax and enjoy ourselves.
d) I understood how important this experience was only after some years.
Only after some years did I understand how important this experience was.
e) We haven’t had guests here since Christmas. PRESENT PERFECT
Not since Christmas have we had guests here.
f) I only have dinner after I arrive home. SIMPLE PRESENT
Only after I arrive home do I have dinner.
g) She is only happy when she is with her family.
Only when she is with her family is she happy. SIMPLE PRESENT

OBS
• I had a car. PASSADO – SIMPLE PAST
• I didn’t have a car.
• I have a car. PRESENTE – SIMPLE PRESENT
• I don’t have a car.
• Do I have a car?
• I have had a car before. – PRESENT PERFECT
• I haven’t had a car before.
• Have I had a car before?

QUANTIFIERS
• Os substantivos incontáveis não podem ser divididos, como ocorre em oil
(óleo), sugar (açúcar), bread (pão), meat (carne), water (água), time
(tempo), money (dinheiro) etc., pois eles se referem a conceitos abstratos e
unidades que não podem ser contabilizadas.
• Por isso, os substantivos incontáveis só aparecem na forma singular e são
sempre acompanhados pelo verbo no singular também:
• This bread is amazing. (Este pão é maravilhoso.)

• Contudo, existe uma maneira bem específica de torná-los “contáveis”, por
meio das unidades, medidas e/ou recipientes.
• No exemplo anterior, tem-se o substantivo bread, que, em inglês, é
considerado incontável, diferentemente do português, pois compramos
pela quantidade: um pão, dois pães, 10 pães etc. Em inglês, não podemos
falar “two breads”.
• Para quantificá-lo, pode-se utilizar a medida slice (fatia) ou piece (pedaço).
• "I’d like two slices of bread. (Eu gostaria de duas fatias de pão.)
QUANTIFIERS

QUANTIFIERS
• O mesmo ocorre para meat (carne), que pode ser contabilizada pelo peso (two kilos of
meat), para os líquidos, por exemplo, em three bottles of water (três garrafas de água) ou
dinheiro, em “twenty dollars” ou “five reais”.
• Assim, sempre que quiser indicar uma quantidade específica de um substantivo
incontável, procure utilizar medidas ou recipientes.
• Por outro lado, os substantivos contáveis aparecem tanto na forma singular quanto na
forma plural, pois podem ser contabilizados, divididos.
• São exemplos de substantivos contáveis people, cats, books, pants etc.
• The book arrived today.(O livro chegou hoje.)
• The books arrived today.(Os livros chegaram hoje)

PRINCIPAIS QUANTIFIERS
Many
• Uso
A palavra many é usada com substantivos contáveis e significa muitos, muitas.
• Exemplos:
• They bought many bottles of soda for the party. (Eles compraram muitas garrafas
de refrigerante para a festa.)
• There are many kids playing in the yard. (Há muitas crianças brincando no
jardim.)
• Many students prefer to study in the morning. (Muitos alunos preferem estudar de
manhã.)
• IMPORTANTE: o substantivo usado após many deve estar sempre flexionado
no plural.

How many
Para perguntar a quantidade de algo contável, devemos usar a expressão how
many, que significa quantos, quantas.
Exemplos:
How many days did you spend in L.A.? (Quantos dias você passou em L.A.?)
How many times a year do you go to Brazil? (Quantas vezes por ano você
vai para o Brasil?)
How many people will you invite for the party? (Quantas pessoas você vai
convidar para a festa?)

Much
• Uso
A palavra much é usada com substantivos incontáveis e significa muito ou
muita.
• Exemplos:
• She put much water in the jar. (Ela colocou muita água na jarra.)
• He drinks much coffee when he’s working. (Ele bebe muito café quando está
trabalhando.)
• I don’t have much money. (Eu não tenho muito dinheiro.)
• IMPORTANTE: o substantivo usado após a palavra much deve estar sempre
no singular.
• OBS: deve-se prestar atenção se o substantivo no singular é de fato incontável.
• Ex: She has much friend. ERRADO pois “friend” é substantivo contável.
• Ex: She has much money. CORRETO pois “money” é incontável.

How much
Para perguntar a quantidade de algo incontável, devemos usar a
expressão how much, que significa quanto, quanta.
Exemplos:
How much did you pay for you car? (Quanto você pagou pelo seu carro?)
How much time do you need to finish the project? (Quanto tempo você
precisa pra terminar o projeto?)
How much sugar will you put in your coffee? (Quanto açúcar você vai
colocar no seu café?

A few
• Uso
Pode significar alguns/algumas ou poucos/poucas. Utilizado com substantivos
contáveis no plural.
• Exemplos:
• I stayed at my aunt’s house for a few days. (Eu fiquei na casa da minha tia por
alguns dias)
• A few boys wanted to talk to the police about the robbery. (Alguns meninos
queriam falar com a polícia sobre o roubo)
• I like a few songs by Guns and Roses. (Eu gosto de algumas músicas do Guns and
Roses)

A little
• Uso
Significa um pouco de. Utiliza-se o a little substantivos incontáveis.
• Exemplos
• I love a little cream in my coffee. (Eu amo um pouco de creme no meu café)
• Have a little tea with me. It’s delicious! (Beba um pouco de chá comigo. Está
delicioso!)
• I would love a little peace and quiet around here. (Eu iria amar um pouco de
paz e silêncio por aqui)

• Some
• Uso:
Pode significar algum (alguns) ou um pouco de em afirmativas e algumas
perguntas. Utiliza-se some com substantivos incontáveis e contáveis.
Exemplos:
• I have some money in my bank account. (Eu tenho algum dinheiro na minha conta
no banco). INCONTÁVEL
• I have some dollars in my bank account. (Eu tenho alguns dólares na minha conta
no banco). CONTÁVEL
• Would you like some food? (Você gostaria de um pouco de comida?) INCONTÁVEL
• Do you have some friends that I can meet? (Você tem alguns amigos que eu possa
conhecer?) CONTÁVEL

• Any
• Uso:
Em frases afirmativas, any tem o significado de qualquer.
Em frases negativas, assume o significado de nenhum/nenhuma.
Nas interrogativas, assume o significado de algum/alguma.
Exemplos:
• I don’t have any cats. (Eu não tenho nenhum gato) CONTÁVEL
• I don’t have any money. (Eu não tenho nenhum dinheiro) INCONTÁVEL
• You can have any videogame you like. (Você pode ter qualquer videogame
que quiser)
• Can you speak any other language? (Você consegue falar algum outro idioma?)

DIFERENÇAS ENTRE “A LOT”, “A LOT OF” AND “LOTS OF”
A LOT‍
• Uso
Intensificar um verbo.
Exemplo:
• I like to listen to music a lot.
(Eu gosto muito de ouvir
música.)
Também podemos usar para
fazer uma comparação:
Exemplo:
• I feel a lot better now.
(Eu me sinto muito melhor
agora.)
A LOT‍OF
• ‍
Uso‍
Significa “muitos” ou “um
monte de” e usamos para
quantificar substantivos.
Exemplo:
• I read a lot of books.
(Eu leio muitos/ um monte
de livros.)
• My cousin has a lot of toys.
(Meu primo tem muitos /
um monte de brinquedos)
LOT‍
S OF
• Uso
Tem o mesmo uso de “a
lot of”, mas significa
“montes de”.
Exemplo:
• I read lots of books.
(Eu leio muitos /
montes de livros.)
• My cousin has lots of
toys. (Meu primo tem
muitos / montes de
brinquedos)

INCONTÁVEIS CORRESPONDENTE CONTÁVEL (unidades,
medidas recipientes)
Money Dollars, euros, pounds (libras), reais, cents.
Time Minutes, hours, days, months, years
Water, coffee, juice Litters, bottles, cups, glasses
Bread Pieces, slices, units
Meat Kilos, grams, pieces
Food, rice, sugar Kilos, grams, cups, spoons (colheres), plates
Advice (conselho) Pieces of advice
Information Pieces of information
Feelings (sentimentos) Types of
feelings----------------------------------------------
SUBSTANTIVOS INCONTÁVEIS E SEUS POSSÍVEIS
CORRESPONDENTES CONTÁVEIS

EXERCISE: HOW MANY OR HOW MUCH?
1) ____ stars are there in the sky?
2) ____ people live here?
3) ____ birds are there?
4) ____ water is in the ocean?
5) ____ money do you have at the bank?
6) ____ countries are there in the world?
7) ____ bread is eaten per day?
8) ____ bones are there in the human body?
9) ____ sand is in the deserts?
10) ____ information is on the internet?

EXERCISE: MANY OR MUCH?
1) ____ chairs
2) ____ time
3) ____ money
4) ____ dollars
5) ____ milk
6) ____ children
7) ____ water
8) ____ fun
9) ____ dogs
10) ____ people

EXERCISE: A FEW OR A LITTLE?
1) He speaks a little Spanish, so we were able to find a nice room in Madrid.
2) There are only a few bananas left in the box.
3) We need a little butter for this cake.
4) The teacher gives us a little time to prepare before a test.
5) There are only a few days left to hand in (entregar) the reports.
6) I bought a few apples in this shop.
7) Could I have a little milk in my coffee, please?
8) Look! There are a few mice(=plural de mouse) on the roof.
9) We saw a few people at the bus stop.
10) We have a little ketchup and a few sausages left.

EXERCISES
1.There isn’t _____________ bread left. Can
you get some?
1. much
2. many
3. some
2. Would you like __________ soup?
1. many
2. any
3. some
3. I've got ____________ to do today.
1. a lot of work
2. much work
3. many works
4. If I drink ___________ coffee, I can't go to sleep.
1. too many
2. too much
3. a lot
5. Let’s have a coffee. We’ve got __________ time before the
train leaves.
1. a little
2. a few
3. many
6.How _______________ do we have before the plane leaves?
1. much time
2. many time
3. many times

INVERSIONS EXERCISE
1) We will not be able to consider you for the swim team until you beat the time trials.
Not until you beat the time trials will we be able to consider you for swim team.
2) They only realized the appetizers were still frozen when someone complained at reception.
Only when someone complained at reception did they realize the appetizers were still frozen.
3) The students didn’t know that the teacher had been closely watching them cheat.
Little did the students know that the teacher had been closely watching them cheat.
4) He discovered that he had forgotten his homework when he pulled into the school parking lot.
Only when he pulled into the school parking lot did he discover that he had forgotten his homework.
5) Nobody has lost so many games since 1992.
Not since 1992 has anybody lost so many games.

INVERSIONS EXERCISES
6) You can’t enter the building under any circumstances once the demolition next door has begun.
Under no circumstances can you enter the building once the demolition next door has begun.
7) I have never seen such an awesome rendition of the musical Cats before.
Never before have I seen such an awesome rendition of the musical Cats.
8) She had not enjoyed herself so much since she went on vacation with her family while in high school.
Not since she went on vacation with her family while in high school had she enjoyed herself so much.
9) I would never sing in front of a live audience again.
Never would I sing in front of a live audience again.
10) I had been in the building for a few minutes when I noticed that the man was staring at me.
Only after I had been in the building for a few minutes did I notice that the man was staring at me.

1) Hardly _____________________ we were told that we needed to
pack up to head to the bus.
a) had we finished breakfast that
b) we had finished breakfast when
c) we had finished breakfast that
d) had we finished breakfast when
2) In no way ___________________ question her ability to pass the
exam, although I do believe she should have prepared better.
a) had I ever
b) I had ever
c) I ever did
d) did I ever
3)_______________________ that I was going to be driving cross
country to deliver a puppy to my brother.
a) Little have I known
b) I knew little
c) Little did I know
d) Little I knew
4) At no time before I showed up to work ___________________ that I
would have to park in the far lot due to a construction project.
a) I had been told
b) was I told
c) I was told
d) did they told
5) Not since the third grade ________ excited about a birthday
party.
a) did so many people I have
b) have I seen so many people
c) so many people I have
d) had so many people I had

OBS: TEMPO VERBAL
Simple Past
sujeito + verbo no passado + complemento
I went to school yesterday.
Did + sujeito + verbo volta ao normal + complemento
Did you go to school yesterday?
Sujeito + didn’t + verbo volt aao normal + complemento
You didn’t go to school yesterday.

OBS: TEMPO VERBAL
Past Perfect
sujeito + had + verbo no participio + complemento
I had gone to school yesterday when you arrived.
Had + sujeito + verbo volta ao normal + complemento
Had you gone to school yesterday when I arrived?
Sujeito + hadn’t + verbo volt aao normal + complemento
You hadn’t gone to school yesterday when I arrived.
liked

at no point / in no way / little / never / not / not only / no sooner / only after / scarcely / on no account / rarely /
under no circumstances
Under no circumstance / Little did she know that the teacher was really an actor and the entire class was set up as a
hoax to trick the department head.
Not only were they late to class, but they also came unprepared.
In no way / On no account / Under no circumstances / Never will you meet anyone as nice as my grandson.
At no point during the brunch, did anyone notice that Mary left and never came back?
Only after / Little had he turned off the lights that the dog started barking.
Not once did he ever give me credit for all the work I did in that house.

at no point / in no way / little / never / not / not only / no sooner / only after / scarcely / on no account / rarely / under no
circumstances
In no way / under no circumstances/ on no account will my elementary-age child be allowed to watch a rated-R movie.
Never before has the golf team found itself facing such stiff competition.
Only after making an appointment with the professor was Sara able to set a final exam date to complete the course.
Little had Jonathon arrived at the wedding when he was paged to respond to a fire emergency.
On no account/At no point/ Under no circumstances were the students to blame for the broken door.
In no way / under no circumstances/ on no account should driver’s license holders be allowed to drive minors unaccompanied.
Obs: No sooner than

INTRO
• O que cada um quer dizer?
• Some: algum (s), alguma (s), um pouco de
• Any: nenhum (a), qualquer, algum (s), alguma (s)
• No: nenhum (a)
• None: nenhum (a)

SOME - QUANDO E COMO USAR?
• Utilizamos SOME como “algum(ns), alguma(s)” em frases afirmativas;
• I want to study some languages. (Eu quero estudar alguns idiomas.)
• They have to buy some vegetables there. (Eles têm que comprar alguns legumes lá.)
• He plays with some friends on the weekend. (Ele brinca com alguns amigos no final de semana.)
• She wants some water. (Ela quer um pouco de água)
• Utilizamos SOME como “algum(ns), alguma(s)” em frases interrogativas quando
queremos pedir ou oferecer algo;
• Do you want to eat some chips? (Você quer comer algumas batatinhas?)
• Could you lend me some paper? (Você pode me emprestar algum papel?)
• Would you like to eat some snacks? (Você gostaria de comer alguns salgadinhos?)

ANY - QUANDO E COMO USAR?
• Utilizamos ANY em frases negativas como “nenhum, nenhuma”;
• I don’t need to go to any schools. (Eu não preciso ir a nenhuma escola.)
• She isn’t playing with any friends. (Ela não está brincando com nenhum amigo.)
• They can´t drink any beer. (Eles não podem beber nenhuma cerveja.)
• Obs: susbstantivos contáveis devem vir no plural depois de any.
• Utilizamos ANY em frases na interrogativa como “algum(ns), alguma(s)”, com a
exceção do exemplo já mencionado em SOME.
• Do you know any of these girls? (Você conhece alguma destas garotas?)
• Does she need to speak any language? (Ela precisa falar algum idioma?)
• Is he drinking any water? (Ele está bebendo [alguma] água?)

ANY - QUANDO E COMO USAR?
• Utilizamos ANY em frases afirmativas quando, e somente quando, o significado
DE ANY for QUALQUER.
• I want to eat any fruit. (Eu quero comer qualquer fruta.)
• We want to go to any restaurant. (Nós queremos ir a qualquer restaurante.)
• She needs to choose any gift. (Ela precisa escolher qualquer presente.)

NO - QUANDO E COMO USAR?
• Utilizamos NO apenas em frases que são aparentemente afirmativas, mas que com
o NO inserido nas mesmas, tornam-se negativas.
• I have no sugar at home. (Eu não tenho nenhum açúcar em casa.)
• She listens to no songs. (Ela não ouve nenhuma música.)
• They have no money. (Eles não têm nenhum dinheiro.)
• Obs: nunca usamos partículas negativas (don’t, doesn’t, can’t, didn’t, isn’t, aren’t, etc)
com o pronome NO pois o próprio NO fornecerá a negativa.

VARIANTES SOME, ANY E NO
• É importante ressaltar que as regras abaixo também valem para palavras
compostas de SOME, ANY e NO como, por exemplo:
Obs: something – algo/alguma coisa
Nothing/anything - nada

EXEMPLOS
• He needs to buy something to eat. (Ele precisa comprar algo/alguma coisa para
comer.)
• She doesn´t practice anything. (Ela não pratica nada.)
• I have nothing to do with it. (Eu não tenho nada a ver com isso.)
• Would you like to drink something? (Você gostaria de beber algo?)
• I need to speak with anybody now. (Eu preciso falar com qualquer pessoa
agora).
• We won’t go anywhere on the weekend. (Nós não iremos a lugar nenhum no
final de semana)
• No one helps me! (Ninguém me ajuda!)
• They live in the middle of nowhere. (Eles moram no meio do nada (lugar)).

NONE QUANDO E COMO USAR?
• NONE também possui o significado de nenhum. A diferença de no é que ele NÃO é acompanhado de um
substantivo e pode ser utilizado como sujeito ou como objeto na frase.
• Julia read two books while I read none. – (Julia leu dois livros enquanto eu não li nenhum).
• She asked me to choose a car, but I had liked none. – (Ela me pediu para escolher um carro mas eu não tinha
gostado de nenhum.)
• - Do you have a pen? - Você tem uma caneta?
• - No, I have none. - Não, nenhuma.
• Quando usamos a combinação NONE OF + um substantivo ou um pronome no plural, o verbo em sequência
pode ficar no plural ou no singular. Veja:
• None of them are (is) able to take the job. – (Nenhum deles está apto a conseguir o emprego.)
• None of the students were (was) there when I came. – (Nenhum dos estudantes estava lá quando eu cheguei.)

EXERCISES
• Q1 - Are there ....... people at all at the bus
stop?
A) Some
B) None
C) Any
• Q2 - That's ...... reason to be rude all the time.
A) some
B) No
C) Any
• Q3 - I'd like ...... time off next week when I
move houses.
A) No
B) Any
C) Some
• Q4 - There's ..... coffee left; could you get
some while you're out?
A) No
B) Some
C) Any
• Q5 - I must get to the bank because I haven't
got ...... money for the weekend
A) Some
B) No
C) Any
• Q6 - Could I have ....... more tea, please?
A) No
B) Some
C) any
• Q7 - When we got to the cinema, there
weren't ....... tickets left
A) Some
B) No
C) Any
• Q8 - My car stopped because there was ......
petrol left
A) Any
B) No
C) Some
• Q9 - The shop had ....... milk so we'll have to
drink our coffee black
A) Some
B) No
C) Any
• Q10 - ...... bus will take you to King's Cross so
get on the first that comes along
A) Any
B) Some
C) No

EXERCISES
• Q11 - She's worried because she has got .......
interviews next week and they always make her
nervous
A) Some
B) No
C) Any
• Q12 - ....... newspapers support the
Government, but most don't.
A) No
B) Any
C) Some
• Q13 - You shouldn't take ....... medicine without
reading the information first.
A) Some
B) Any
C) No
• Q14 - I'll have to get my TV fixed as I've been
having ....... problems with it.
A) Any
B) No
C) Some
• Q15 – There is ....... smoke without a fire.
A) Some
B) No
C) any
• Q16 - I can't find ...... of the cassettes I want to
hear, not one of them.
A) No
B) Some
C) Any
• Q17 - There's hardly ....... fax paper left.
A) No
B) Any
C) Some
• Q18 - There must be ....... job for me; I really
need the work.
A) Some
B) No
C) Any
• Q19 - I found it without ....... difficulty.
A) No
B) Some
C) Any
• Q20 - I couldn't get into the concert because
there were ...... tickets left.
a) No
b) Any
c) Some

EXERCISE: NO OR NONE?
A) NO trains will be affected by this incident.
B) We saw several houses but NONE of them was nice.
C) Alice - How much money do you have?
Carl - NONE. I’m completely broke at the moment.
D) We have been married for a long time but we have NO kids.
E) NONE of my friends want to go out tonight.
F) NONE of my siblings speak Spanish.
G) There were NO problem to solve.
H) There's NO excuse for that kind of behavior.
I) Even an old car is better than NONE.
J) There's NO food left in the fridge.
K) We visited a lot of hotels, but NONE of them were good.

O QUE SÃO COMPOUND ADJECTIVES?
• Adjetivos compostos:
• Um adjetivo composto é um adjetivo que contém duas ou mais palavras.
• Em geral, colocamos um hífen entre duas ou mais palavras (antes de um substantivo)
quando queremos que atuem como uma única ideia (adjetivo) que descreva algo.
• I live in an English-speaking country. – Eu moro em um país que fala inglês / país de língua
inglesa.
• Neste exemplo: Inglês é um adjetivo (usado para descrever o país).
• Usamos um hífen para conectar a palavra inglês com speaking para mostrar que é
um adjetivo (ou uma ideia).
• Este adjetivo com duas palavras unidas pelo hífen é chamado de adjetivo composto.

EXEMPLOS
• I have just finished reading a 300-page book. – Eu acabei de ler um livro de
300 páginas.
• He is a well-known writer. – Ele é um escritor bem conhecido.
• We work an eight-hour shift. – Nós trabalhamos um turno de 8 horas.

Substantivo / nome
Substantivo / nome
Substantivo / nome
Substantivo / nome
Substantivo / nome
She called me last
minute. – It was a last-
minute call.
Beyonce is famous
around the world. – She is
a world-famous singer.
This hotel accepts pets. It
is a pet-friendly hotel.

Word 1 Word 2 Compound
Words
Examples
White (Adjective) Collar (Noun) White-collar Do you have a white-collar job?
Eye (Noun) Opening (Present
Participle)
Eye-opening This was an eye-opening experience for many
reasons.
Brand (Noun) New (Adjective) Brand-new Joshua came to college today in his brand-new
car.
Sun (Noun) Dried (Past Participle)Sun-dried Sun-dried tomatoes taste better than regular
tomatoes.
Cruelty (Noun) Free (Adjective) Cruelty-free All these cosmetics are cruelty-free.
Ten
(Number/Adjective
)
Page (Noun) Ten-page The students wrote a ten-page assignment on
politics.
Cold (Adjective) Blooded (Past
Participle)
Cold-blooded Everyone thinks you are too cold-blooded.
well (Adverb) Known (Past
Participle)
Well-known The well-known writer is thinking of writing another
best-seller.
Man (Noun) Eater (Noun) Man-eater The tiger that was killed was a man-eater.
Types of Compound Adjectives with Example

ERROS COMUNS
• Não separar as palavras do adjetivo composto com hífen
• É comum se esquecer de separar os termos do adjetivo composto com hífen, mas isso não pode ocorrer
porque sem o hífen estamos diante de palavras soltas na frase, o que pode gerar ambiguidade.
I saw a man-eating bear. – Eu vi um urso comedor de homens. (correto)
I saw a man eating bear. – Eu vi um homem comendo um urso. (incorreto)
She is good looking. – Ela é bonita.
She is a good-looking girl. – Ela é uma menina bonita.
• Obs: A não ser que o objetivo seja se viu um homem comendo um urso.
• Além disso, a segunda frase está incorreta porque não houve a indicação do artigo “a” antes do
substantivo “bear”, sendo que o correto seria “I saw a man eating a bear”, caso você realmente quisesse
dizer que viu um homem comendo um urso.
• Colocar o adjetivo composto depois da palavra a que faz referência
• Em português construímos as frases primeiro mencionando o termo a que fazemos referência e depois o
adjetivo. Falamos “menina bonita” e, não, “bonita menina”. No inglês, primeiro vem o adjetivo e, depois,
o termo a que se refere.
• She’s a good-looking girl. – Ela é uma garota bonita. (correto)
• She’s a girl good-looking. (incorreto).

EXERCISES
• Connect the words to make compound adjectives:
1. short a) written
2. badly b) sleeved
3. four c) day
4. seven d) legged
5. absent e) hearted
6. kind f) minded
7. old
8. hard g) working
h) fashioned
9. home i) eyed
10. five j) made
11. blue k) star
Possibilities:
Short-sleeved
Short-legged
Badly-written
Badly-made
Seven/Four-day
Seven/Four-eyed
Seven/Four-star
Seven/Four-legged

EXAMPLES
• Derivados de partes do corpo -ed
• A red-haired girl – uma menina de cabelo vermelho
• A blue-eyed boy – um menino de olho azul
• A long-nosed person – uma pessoa de nariz grande
• Na absent-minded woman – uma mulher de cabeça de vento
• A level-headed person – uma pessoa sensata
• A long-bodied truck – um caminhão de corpo longo (comprido)

EXERCISES
Short-sighted (de visão curta) / deeply-rooted (profundamente enraizada)/
brand-new / old-fashioned (antiquado)/ well-mannered (bem-educado)
• 1. When Brian got his promotion, he bought a brand-new car.
• 2. Look at Leila . She's wearing an old-fashioned skirt. She found it in her
grandmother's drawer.
• 3. Nancy is such a short-sighted girl. She can't even read what's on the
blackboard.
• 4. Some people think that we should preserve the deeply-rooted traditions
of countries.
• 5. Cathy is a well-mannered girl. She's very polite.

EXAMPLES
1. This program lasts two months. - It is a two-month program.
2. This man has a strong will. He is a strong-willed man.
3. This medication lasts a long time. This is long-lasting medication.
4. This activity consumes a lot of time. This is a time-consuming activity.
4.a This activity saves a lot of time. This is a time-saving activity.
5. This album has broken the record for most albums sold in one year. This is a record-
breaking album.
6. This scheme is supposed to help you make money. It is a money-making scheme.
7. This doll was made by hand. This is a hand-made doll.
8. This painting is from the nineteenth century. It is a nineteenth-century painting.
9. This news broke my heart. This is heart-breaking news.

COMPOUND ADJECTIVES EXERCISES
1. This vehicle is moving slowly. This is a slow-moving vehicle.
2. This drink is as cold as ice. This is an ice-cold drink.
3. This cat is two years old. This is a two-year-old cat.
obs: I have a one-year-old girl and an eight-year-old boy.
4. This woman has a high level of education. This is a highly-educated woman.
5. This movie lasts two hours. This is a two-hour / two-hour-lasting movie.
6. This campaign has been organized well. This is a well-organized campaign.
7. This opera singer is famous all over the world. This is a world-famous opera
singer.
8. This sandwich is six inches long. This is a six-inch sandwich.
9. This diet is free of meat. This is a meat-free diet.
Gluten-free, sugar-free, smoke-free, pet-free
10. This motorcycle has been cared for very well. This is a well-cared-for
motorcycle.

EXERCISES
• 1. I was very absent-minded and forgot my keys on the table.
• 2. Helen has found a ten-dollar/euro bill in the street.
• 3. Tom is fond of thirty-minute walks in the park
• 4. This coat is old-fashioned, I don’t like it at all.
• 5. Have a look! Do you like this fifty-euro/dollar dress?
• 6. My sister is a good-hearted/looking young girl. She works as a dentist in the hospital
• 7. I don’t like this second-hand cellphone. It doesn’t work well.
• 8. Tom has got a part-time job and now he can fulfill his dream.
• Full-time job – trabalho de tempo integral / part-time job – trabalho de meio período
• 9. We live in a five-storey building in the center of the city.
• 10. My friends stayed in a five-star hotel in Paris and were very pleased.
• 11. A two-year-old boy fell down and cut his left knee.
• 12. Bob’s friend is a very kind-looking/hearted person. He helps a lot of people.
euro old dollar
minute looking absent
time hand storey
year star hearted

COMPOUND ADJECTIVES EXERCISES
1) The child behaves well. He is a well-behaved child.
2) That man dresses in a fancy manner. He is a fancy-mannered man.
3) It takes ten minutes to drive from my house to work. It is a ten-minute drive from my house to work.
5) They planned the attack in a very clever way. It was a very clever-planned / cleverly-planned attack.
6) My dog has got short legs. It is a short-legged dog.
7) That man always looks angry. He is a angry-looking man. – toda vez que look for usado como parecer
- ing
8) His degree course took five years to complete. It was a five-year degree course.
9) What’s the name of that perfume that smells horrible? What is the name of that horrible-
smelling perfume.
10) Only members who carry their cards are allowed inside. Only card-carrying members are allowed
inside.

INSERT THE APPROPRIATE COMPOUND ADJECTIVES.
a) I have just discovered an insect with many legs that eats fungus in my carrot patch.
I have just discovered a many-legged fungus-eating insect in my carrot patch.
b) The duck has flat feet.
It is flat-footed duck.
c) My professors refuse to believe in my discovery because they have narrow minds; besides, they are
old fools!
My professors refuse to believe in my discovery because they are narrow-minded; besides, they are old
fools!
d) The surgeon pulled out a worm that was thirty-five centimeters long.
The surgeon pulled out a thirty-five-centimeter/ thirty-five-centimeter-long worm.

Fashion-conscious
Heart-broken
Narrow-minded
Ever-lasting
Narrow-minded /
laid-back
Brand-new
well-off / well-
known / good-
looking
Well-known /good-
looking
Well-off
ready-made
A
C
H
I
B
G
F
J
D
E

EXERCISES
absent-minded thick-skinned short-tempered badly-behaved
two-faced strong-minded easy-going
• 1- Sam is not easily upset or offended by what other people say about him. He is thick-
skinned.
• 2- Mr. Brown gets angry very easily. He is short-tempered.
• 3- My sister usually gets what she wants. She is strong-minded.
• 4- Ann is insensitive and she always tries to tell people whatever she thinks will please
them. She is two-faced.
• 5- One little boy was very badly-behaved; he kept shouting during lunch.
• 6- Jill had a nice time with Jeremy – he’s good company and very easy-going.
• 7- Mrs. Smith is getting more absent-minded as she gets older.

HOMEWORK
• Example: I wish all the boys in my class were as good-looking as Johnny Depp.
1 I found a _____ painting covered in dust.
2 Factories need lots of _____ employees.
3 Hot chocolate (or cocoa) is a _____ drink.
4 That’s not enough food to feed a _____ boy.
5 Some people don’t like modern houses – they prefer _____ things.
6 This article is about a _____ killer.
7 This salad is good with _____ tomatoes.
8 Remember, teachers like _____ pupils.
9 Make sure to read in a _____ room, so you don’t damage your eyes.
cold well fast good long sweet old hard brightly sun
working lit fashioned growing behaved blooded looking tasting dried forgotten

_______ 6.03 meters is a a brown-eyed tennis player
_______ Solar Impulse is b a 6.2-magnitude earthquake
_______ Harry Potter is c a three-set match
_______ Usain Bolt is d a blue-uniformed people
_______ Portugal team won e a three-week race
_______ The shooting was f a flat-roofed monument
_______ Angelina Jolie is g a world-famous book
_______ Queen Elizabeth II was h a 24-hour service
_______ Superman has i a sun-powered plane
_______ Rafael Nadal is j a last-minute victory
_______ Donald Trump is k a well-known sprinter
_______ Buckingham Palace is l a good-looking actress
_______ The police are m a cold-blooded attack
_______ The sad Syrian boy is n a bad-tempered politician
_______ Tour de France is o a dark-blue and red costume
_______ The final at Wimbledon was p a fast-swimming man
_______ The subways in some city are q a heart-breaking picture
_______ The tremors happened because of a r a record-breaking jump
_______ Michael Phelp is s a white-haired queen

PARA QUE USAR?
• Usamos a voz passiva essencialmente para mudar o foco de uma frase.
Example:
Someone stole my bike. (voz ativa – foco em “alguém” que roubou a bicicleta)
My bike was stolen. (voz passiva – foco no que foi roubado, nesse caso, a bicicleta)
• Usamos a voz passiva:
• Quando preferimos não mencionar quem ou o que realizou a ação (por exemplo, quando não é
conhecido ou quando é óbvio ou quando não queremos dizer).
• Pra começar uma frase com a informação mais importante ou a mais lógica.
• Em escritas mais formais ou científicas.

COMO USAR A VOZ PASSIVA?
• Usamos a voz passive usando o verbo be + past participle do verbo principal..
Avatar was directed by James Cameron.
↓ ↓ ↓
Object + verb to be + main verb past participle + complement

• Não é sempre necessário adicionar quem reliza a ação.
My flight is cancelled.
↓ ↓ ↓
Object + verbo to be + past participle
• Se quisermos dizer quem foi a pessoa ou coisa realizando a ação, utilizamos a palavra
by (por, pelo, pela).
She was attacked by a dangerous dog. – Ela foi atacada por um cachorro perigoso.
The money was stolen by her husband. – O dinheiro foi roubado pelo marido dela.

• Não é sempre necessário adicionar quem reliza a ação.
My flight is cancelled.
↓ ↓ ↓
Object + verbo to be + past participle

• Apenas a forma do verbo to be deve mudar de acordo com o tempo verbal. A voz passive sempre usará o verbo
seguinte no past participle.
Tempo verbal Example Estrutura
Present simple Alioli is made from oil, garlic and salt. is/are + past participle
Present continuous The hall is being painted this week. is/are being + past participle
Past simple John F. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963. was/were + past participle
Past continuous The signs were being put up last week. was/were being + past participle
Present perfect Oranges have been planted here for centuries. has/have been + past participle
Past perfect He found out that his house had been robbed. had been + past participle
Future simple The work will be finished next week. will be + past participle

EXEMPLOS DE FRASES SENDO PASSADAS PARA A VOZ PASSIVA
The hunter killed the lion.
The lion was killed by the
hunter.
Someone has cleaned the
windows.
The windows have been
cleaned.
People speak English all
around the world.
English is spoken all around the
world.
The company was serving
lunch.
Lunch was being served.
Your brother will finish the work
soon.
The work will be finished by
your brother soon.

OBS:
• Às vezes utilizamos o verbo “to get” com o past participle para formar a
passiva:
• Be careful with that glass. It might get broken. – Cuidado com o vidro, ele
pode ser quebrado.
• Peter got hurt in a crash. - Peter foi ferido em um acidente.

OBS
• Podemos usar o objeto indireto como sujeito da voz passiva.
Active Passive
I gave him a book for his birthday. He was given a book for his birthday.
Someone sent her a thousand euros. She was sent a thousand euros.

EXERCISES
a) Usually, tennis ______ on a hard court. (PLAY)
b) In this hospital small injuries ______ by assistant doctors. (TREAT)
c) The wheel ______ thousands of years ago (INVENT)
d) English ______ in many countries all over the world. (SPEAK)
e) The goals ______ in the first 15 minutes of the match (SCORE).
f) New medicine for many diseases ______ every year. (FIND)
g) America ______ by Christopher Columbus in 1492 (DISCOVER)
h) Breakfast ______ from 7 a.m. to 10 a.m. (SERVE)
i) The thief ______ to the nearest police station after the incident. (TAKE)
j) Every day CNN ______ by millions of people . (WATCH)
k) Coffee ______ to Europe by the Turks a long time ago. (BRING)
l) In the UK, tons of litter ______ away every day. (THROW)
m) Many houses ______ by the flood last week. (DESTROY)

EXERCISES
a) The dentist pulled out my tooth.
My tooth _______ by the dentist.
b) Who delivered that package?
Who _______ that package _______ by ?
c) The police are questioning him now.
He _______ now by the police
d) The waitress serves breakfast at 7 o’clock.
Breakfast _______ at 7 o’clock by the waitress.
e) Who did they give the prize to?
Who _______ the prize _______ to ?
f) The news seemed to have shocked him.
He seemed _______ by the news.
g) You should take these tablets before meals.
These tablets _______ before meals.
h) The teacher has sent him out of the
classroom.
He _______ out of the classroom by the
teacher.
i) You must wash colored clothes separately.
Colored clothes _______ separately.

EXERCISES
j) The mayor will open the new sports center next month.
The new sports center _______ by the mayor next month.
k) Many parents influence their children strongly.
Children _______ strongly by most parents.
l) Somebody has stolen Jack's car recently.
Jack’s car _______ recently.
m) He expects people to show him more respect.
He expects _______ more respect.
o) Nobody has seen the Queen since July.
The Queen _______ since July.

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