This presentation is prepared as part of the Course assignment of “Demography, Reproductive Health ” for the Master's Degree of Public Health (MPH), Pokhara University and can be used as reference materials for critical review and appraisal of newborn programs of Nepal. The content and facts included in the presentation are as of information available till July 2022 and no conflict of interest is associated with the presentation. The presentation is prepared by Sagar and Sunita.
The document provides an overview of policies, programs and implementation strategies related to newborn care in Nepal. It discusses Nepal's historical programs for newborn and child health from 1983 to the current Community Based Integrated Management of Newborn Care and Childhood Illness (CB-IMNCI) program launched in 2014. The CB-IMNCI aims to reduce neonatal and under-5 mortality by promoting essential newborn care, managing illnesses and increasing access to services. It also outlines trends that show improvements in newborn health indicators like institutional delivery rates and policies like free newborn care services but challenges remain in quality, resources and scale-up.
1) India accounts for 27.8% of global newborn mortality, with 0.88 million neonatal deaths annually. Half of deaths occur in the first week, and 39.3% occur on the first day of life.
2) Major programs and policies introduced in India to reduce newborn mortality include the Child Survival and Safe Motherhood program in 1992, National Maternity Benefit Scheme in 1995, Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses in 2004, and Home-Based Newborn Care implemented nationwide in 2011.
3) Home-Based Newborn Care involves community health workers making home visits on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 21st, 28th and 42nd day
The NRHM aims to provide accessible and quality healthcare to rural populations. It focuses on reducing maternal and infant mortality rates through programs like ICDS, CSSM, JSY and RCH. ICDS provides nutrition and health services to children aged 0-6 years. CSSM aims to improve MCH services and reduce MMR and IMR. JSY provides cash incentives for institutional deliveries. RCH integrates programs related to fertility, MCH and reproductive health. Expanded immunization programs aim to immunize all children and pregnant women.
The document discusses the evolution of reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health (RMNCH+A) programs in India from the 1950s to present. It outlines the key historical programs and approaches, including the shift from a family planning focus to a more integrated reproductive health approach. The current RMNCH+A strategy aims to reduce maternal and child mortality by emphasizing continuum of care across the lifecycle through high impact interventions at various levels of the health system.
RMNCH+A ( REPRODUCTIVE,MATERNAL, NEWBORN, CHILD AND ADOLESCENT HEALTH) PROGRAMAnujkumaranit
Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A) is a comprehensive approach to health care that addresses the continuum of care needed at different life stages: from pre-pregnancy and pregnancy through childbirth, infancy, childhood, and adolescence. The aim of RMNCH+A is to improve health outcomes and reduce mortality and morbidity through integrated and equitable health services.
Key components include:
1. **Reproductive Health**: Ensuring access to contraception, fertility services, and safe abortion where legal.
2. **Maternal Health**: Providing antenatal care, skilled birth attendance, and postnatal care.
3. **Newborn Health**: Ensuring immediate newborn care, including resuscitation, breastfeeding support, and prevention of infections.
4. **Child Health**: Promoting immunization, nutrition, and treatment of common childhood illnesses.
5. **Adolescent Health**: Addressing health issues specific to adolescents, including sexual and reproductive health, mental health, and prevention of substance abuse.
RMNCH+A emphasizes the importance of a strong health system
RMNCH + A MCH Program Dr Girish .B Associate Professor, CIMS, ChamarajanagarDr Girish B
This document outlines the RMNCH+A program in India, which aims to improve reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health. It discusses the historical background of maternal and child health programs in India. The key aspects of the RMNCH+A approach include focusing on the continuum of care across the lifespan, priority districts, and addressing interventions related to adolescent health, antenatal and delivery care, postnatal care, newborn and child health, immunization, and family planning. The goals are to reduce infant mortality, maternal mortality, and total fertility rate by 2017.
This document provides an overview of neonatal nursing. It begins by defining neonatal nursing as nursing care for newborn infants up to 28 days after birth, typically in a Newborn Intensive Care Unit. Neonatal nursing requires high skill and dedication as nurses care for infants with a range of health issues. The document then discusses the global burden of neonatal mortality, with most deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. In Ethiopia specifically, about 81,000 babies die each year in the first month of life. The document concludes by outlining several initiatives by the Ethiopian Ministry of Health to strengthen newborn care, such as community-based newborn care and establishing multiple levels of neonatal intensive care units.
The document discusses the Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) Programme in India. Some key points:
- The RCH Programme was launched in 1997 with the objectives of reducing maternal, infant, and under-5 mortality as well as promoting adolescent health.
- The programme aimed to achieve targets such as an infant mortality rate below 60 per 1000 live births and a maternal mortality rate below 400 per 100,000 live births.
- RCH Phase 2 was launched in 2005 with a focus on achieving the Millennium Development Goals and expanding access to essential obstetric and newborn care services.
- The strategies under RCH include improving antenatal, delivery and postnatal services; increasing
The document provides an overview of policies, programs and implementation strategies related to newborn care in Nepal. It discusses Nepal's historical programs for newborn and child health from 1983 to the current Community Based Integrated Management of Newborn Care and Childhood Illness (CB-IMNCI) program launched in 2014. The CB-IMNCI aims to reduce neonatal and under-5 mortality by promoting essential newborn care, managing illnesses and increasing access to services. It also outlines trends that show improvements in newborn health indicators like institutional delivery rates and policies like free newborn care services but challenges remain in quality, resources and scale-up.
1) India accounts for 27.8% of global newborn mortality, with 0.88 million neonatal deaths annually. Half of deaths occur in the first week, and 39.3% occur on the first day of life.
2) Major programs and policies introduced in India to reduce newborn mortality include the Child Survival and Safe Motherhood program in 1992, National Maternity Benefit Scheme in 1995, Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses in 2004, and Home-Based Newborn Care implemented nationwide in 2011.
3) Home-Based Newborn Care involves community health workers making home visits on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 21st, 28th and 42nd day
The NRHM aims to provide accessible and quality healthcare to rural populations. It focuses on reducing maternal and infant mortality rates through programs like ICDS, CSSM, JSY and RCH. ICDS provides nutrition and health services to children aged 0-6 years. CSSM aims to improve MCH services and reduce MMR and IMR. JSY provides cash incentives for institutional deliveries. RCH integrates programs related to fertility, MCH and reproductive health. Expanded immunization programs aim to immunize all children and pregnant women.
The document discusses the evolution of reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health (RMNCH+A) programs in India from the 1950s to present. It outlines the key historical programs and approaches, including the shift from a family planning focus to a more integrated reproductive health approach. The current RMNCH+A strategy aims to reduce maternal and child mortality by emphasizing continuum of care across the lifecycle through high impact interventions at various levels of the health system.
RMNCH+A ( REPRODUCTIVE,MATERNAL, NEWBORN, CHILD AND ADOLESCENT HEALTH) PROGRAMAnujkumaranit
Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A) is a comprehensive approach to health care that addresses the continuum of care needed at different life stages: from pre-pregnancy and pregnancy through childbirth, infancy, childhood, and adolescence. The aim of RMNCH+A is to improve health outcomes and reduce mortality and morbidity through integrated and equitable health services.
Key components include:
1. **Reproductive Health**: Ensuring access to contraception, fertility services, and safe abortion where legal.
2. **Maternal Health**: Providing antenatal care, skilled birth attendance, and postnatal care.
3. **Newborn Health**: Ensuring immediate newborn care, including resuscitation, breastfeeding support, and prevention of infections.
4. **Child Health**: Promoting immunization, nutrition, and treatment of common childhood illnesses.
5. **Adolescent Health**: Addressing health issues specific to adolescents, including sexual and reproductive health, mental health, and prevention of substance abuse.
RMNCH+A emphasizes the importance of a strong health system
RMNCH + A MCH Program Dr Girish .B Associate Professor, CIMS, ChamarajanagarDr Girish B
This document outlines the RMNCH+A program in India, which aims to improve reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health. It discusses the historical background of maternal and child health programs in India. The key aspects of the RMNCH+A approach include focusing on the continuum of care across the lifespan, priority districts, and addressing interventions related to adolescent health, antenatal and delivery care, postnatal care, newborn and child health, immunization, and family planning. The goals are to reduce infant mortality, maternal mortality, and total fertility rate by 2017.
This document provides an overview of neonatal nursing. It begins by defining neonatal nursing as nursing care for newborn infants up to 28 days after birth, typically in a Newborn Intensive Care Unit. Neonatal nursing requires high skill and dedication as nurses care for infants with a range of health issues. The document then discusses the global burden of neonatal mortality, with most deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. In Ethiopia specifically, about 81,000 babies die each year in the first month of life. The document concludes by outlining several initiatives by the Ethiopian Ministry of Health to strengthen newborn care, such as community-based newborn care and establishing multiple levels of neonatal intensive care units.
The document discusses the Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) Programme in India. Some key points:
- The RCH Programme was launched in 1997 with the objectives of reducing maternal, infant, and under-5 mortality as well as promoting adolescent health.
- The programme aimed to achieve targets such as an infant mortality rate below 60 per 1000 live births and a maternal mortality rate below 400 per 100,000 live births.
- RCH Phase 2 was launched in 2005 with a focus on achieving the Millennium Development Goals and expanding access to essential obstetric and newborn care services.
- The strategies under RCH include improving antenatal, delivery and postnatal services; increasing
Child Health from RMNCH+A perspective_Dr. ANANYA.pdfAnanyaRayLaskar
Children's health encompasses physical, mental, emotional and social well-being from infancy through adolescence. Key concepts include infant mortality rate, preterm and small for gestational age babies. Leading causes of neonatal and under-5 mortality in India are preterm birth, pneumonia, congenital abnormalities, and diarrhea. The Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness strategy and Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram screen for and manage 4Ds - defects at birth, deficiencies, diseases and developmental delays. Nutrition interventions target severe and moderate acute malnutrition.
This document provides an overview of the Reproductive, Maternal, Neonatal, Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A) initiative in India. It discusses the background and goals of reducing infant mortality, maternal mortality, and fertility rates. It outlines the key interventions and coverage targets of the initiative, including increasing institutional deliveries and access to healthcare. The document also describes various components of reproductive health, maternal health, and their related programs in India such as Janani Suraksha Yojana, Village Health and Nutrition Days, and Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan.
The document outlines the goals and strategies of India's Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child PLUS Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A) program. The goals include increasing coverage of key interventions like facility births, antenatal care, immunizations, and reducing issues like anemia and malnutrition. The program aims to provide continuum of care across the life stages of reproduction, pregnancy, childbirth, newborn, child, and adolescent. It focuses on community and facility-based interventions like immunization drives, nutrition programs, reproductive healthcare, and strengthening health systems. Key challenges include addressing adolescent health and improving implementation through use of data and timely payments.
The document discusses India's RMNCH+A (Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child Health + Adolescence) strategy. It outlines the history and evolution of family welfare programs in India. The current goals are to reduce infant mortality, maternal mortality, and total fertility rate by 2017. The strategy focuses on providing a continuum of care through various levels of the health system across different life stages. Key interventions include reproductive health services, antenatal care, skilled birth attendance, postnatal care, and improving health systems and monitoring. The strategy aims to strengthen primary healthcare and community participation to improve maternal and child health outcomes across India.
Home Based Newborn Care.pptx Home-based newborn care provides essential suppo...DrRizwanAhmed4
Home-based newborn care provides essential support and guidance to parents in caring for their newborns within the comfort of their own homes. This approach emphasizes education on breastfeeding, hygiene, and recognizing signs of illness. It also includes routine check-ups by healthcare professionals to monitor the baby's growth and development. By empowering parents with the knowledge and skills to care for their infants, home-based newborn care promotes bonding, reduces healthcare costs, and ensures that babies receive personalized attention in a familiar environment. This approach is particularly beneficial for families in remote areas or those who prefer the convenience of home-based services.
In 2011 to reduce neonatal mortality government of India launched Home based new born care program based on Gadchirolli model of SEARCH. This presentation will tell about how the program is enrolling in our country.
High impact interventions in rmnch+a(mch) for itcSudha Goel
1) The document outlines India's RMNCH+A (Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child Health + Adolescence) strategy, which takes a comprehensive, life cycle approach to improving maternal and child health outcomes.
2) It describes 25 high-impact interventions across 5 thematic areas (maternal health, newborn care, child health, family planning and nutrition) that are implemented at the community and facility levels as part of the "continuum of care".
3) The goals of the strategy are to reduce India's infant mortality rate, maternal mortality ratio, and total fertility rate by 2017 through improved coverage and quality of these priority interventions.
Thinking Locally and Acting Globally to End Preventable Newborn Deaths_Joy Ri...CORE Group
The document summarizes the Every Newborn Action Plan (ENAP) which aims to end preventable newborn deaths and stillbirths by 2035. The ENAP sets targets to reduce newborn mortality to 10 deaths or less per 1,000 live births and stillbirths to 10 deaths or less per 1,000 total births in every country. It outlines five strategic objectives focused on improving care around labor, birth and the first week of life. The ENAP will be launched in 2014 to mobilize global action and accountability for newborns within the post-2015 development framework.
Neonatal Health in Nepal _ Saroj Rimal.pptxsarojrimal7
The document describes about the History, trends and programs to improves the neonatal health of nepal. It will helps to know and understand the current programs and what was done before for the health of neonates and childrens in nepal. Mostly used for Public health, Nursing and Medical students. The document is developed on 2023 so, the policies and programs after 2023 was not encorporated in this document.
This document discusses natal (delivery) care in Nepal, outlining its objectives, services, policies, and challenges. It defines natal care and outlines its key components. It describes Nepal's plans and policies to increase skilled birth attendance and institutional deliveries, including the Safe Motherhood Policy (1998) and National Free Delivery Policy (2009). The document discusses increasing c-section rates in Nepal and highlights issues like shortages of trained health professionals that pose challenges to improving natal care.
Integrated management of childhood illnesses (imci) (3) (1)Sangita Sharma
This document discusses Community Based-Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (CB-IMNCI), a program in Nepal that integrates management of newborn and child health issues. CB-IMNCI addresses major problems for newborns like birth asphyxia and low birth weight, as well as childhood illnesses like pneumonia, diarrhea, and malnutrition. It trains Frontline Health Workers and volunteers to provide health promotion, distribute essential commodities, and make referrals. The document outlines the history and development of related child health programs in Nepal and describes the goals, strategies, and interventions of CB-IMNCI.
The document summarizes key aspects of India's Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) program. It discusses the phases and goals of RCH Phase I and Phase II, including targets for reducing infant mortality, maternal mortality, and total fertility rates. It describes essential components of RCH like antenatal care, skilled birth attendance, emergency obstetric care, and new initiatives under RCH II such as Janani Suraksha Yojana cash incentives for institutional deliveries. The role of ASHAs in community health and new approaches like IMNCI and RMNCH+A are also highlighted.
This document outlines the RMNCH+A framework in India, which aims to improve reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health through an integrated approach. It discusses the problem statement, goals and targets, strategic interventions across the lifecycle from adolescence to reproductive years. These include adolescent health services, antenatal care, skilled birth attendance, essential newborn care, immunization, and family planning. The framework also covers health system strengthening, program management, priority actions in vulnerable areas, and partnerships to support RMNCH+A service delivery in India.
The National Family Welfare Programme was launched in 1952 to promote family planning and improve quality of life. It aims to encourage small family sizes and use of spacing methods. Key strategies include integrating family welfare services with health services, focusing on rural areas, and using mass media campaigns. The programme monitors indicators like contraceptive use, antenatal care coverage, and immunization rates. Maternal and Child Health programmes were also launched to reduce mortality and morbidity rates by providing reproductive health services, nutrition programmes, and disease prevention.
This document summarizes the history and evolution of reproductive and child health (RCH) programs in India, including key RCH phases and strategies. It describes the focus of RCH Phase I on essential obstetric care, immunization, and reducing infant and maternal mortality. RCH Phase II emphasized institutional delivery, emergency obstetric care, and the Janani Suraksha Yojana program. The RMNCH+A strategy launched in 2013 aims to provide continuum of care from adolescence to mother to newborn to child. The document also outlines common laboratory investigations for RCH programs, including those for antenatal care, maternal health, newborn health, child health, adolescent health, and infectious diseases.
Being chosen as one of the best practices of VSMMC to be presented during the 2nd DOH National Staff Meeting, the Program for Young Parents is a collaborative project to address the health needs of pregnant adolescents and provide comprehensive "one-stop shop" care for the pregnant adolescent, her partner and her infant.
Focused antenatal and emergecy obstetric carePave Medicine
Focused antenatal care (FANC) aims to provide goal-oriented and timely care during pregnancy through a limited number of focused visits. The document outlines the elements and purposes of FANC, including early detection and management of diseases, individual birth planning, and 4 scheduled antenatal visits. It also discusses emergency obstetric care (EmOC) and the need to address barriers to access such as delays in seeking, reaching, and receiving appropriate care. A study in northern Tanzania found low availability of basic EmOC units, high availability of comprehensive EmOC units, and that 36% of expected deliveries occurred in EmOC facilities, above the minimum threshold of 15%.
The India Newborn Action Plan (INAP) aims to reduce preventable newborn deaths and stillbirths in India. Its two goals are to achieve a neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and stillbirth rate (SBR) of less than 10 by 2030. It outlines six intervention pillars including care during pregnancy, childbirth, the postnatal period and beyond. The plan emphasizes improving services for maternal and newborn care across various levels of India's health system through strategies like the Home Based Newborn Care program and strengthening special newborn care units. Successful implementation of INAP requires active participation and commitment from India's states to achieve its vision by 2030.
High impact interventions in rmnch+a(mch)partSudha Goel
The document outlines India's RMNCH+A (Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health) strategy to improve maternal and child health outcomes. It discusses key interventions across the life cycle continuum of care, from adolescence through pregnancy, childbirth, postnatal care for mothers and newborns, and into childhood. The strategy is based on implementing high-impact interventions through a 5x5 matrix across each thematic area (maternal health, newborn care, etc.) and strengthening the overall health system. The goals are to reduce India's infant mortality rate, maternal mortality ratio, and total fertility rate by 2017.
Need Health System Preparedness & Readiness for DengueSagarParajuli9
This seminar presentation is prepared as part of the Course requirement of HSM621 Seminar and Practicum for the Master's Degree of Public Health (MPH), Pokhara University and can be used as reference materials.
The content and facts included in the presentation are as of information available till March 2024 and no conflict of interest is associated with the presentation. The presentation is prepared by Sagar Parajuli.
Validity and Reliability Threats and appropriate tool.pptxSagarParajuli9
This presentation is prepared as part of the Course assignment of “Public Health Research” for the Master's Degree of Public Health (MPH), Pokhara University and can be used as reference materials. The content and facts included in the presentation are as of information available till February 2023 and no conflict of interest is associated with the presentation. The presentation is prepared by Sagar Parajuli & Raju Prasad Sah.
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Children's health encompasses physical, mental, emotional and social well-being from infancy through adolescence. Key concepts include infant mortality rate, preterm and small for gestational age babies. Leading causes of neonatal and under-5 mortality in India are preterm birth, pneumonia, congenital abnormalities, and diarrhea. The Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness strategy and Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram screen for and manage 4Ds - defects at birth, deficiencies, diseases and developmental delays. Nutrition interventions target severe and moderate acute malnutrition.
This document provides an overview of the Reproductive, Maternal, Neonatal, Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A) initiative in India. It discusses the background and goals of reducing infant mortality, maternal mortality, and fertility rates. It outlines the key interventions and coverage targets of the initiative, including increasing institutional deliveries and access to healthcare. The document also describes various components of reproductive health, maternal health, and their related programs in India such as Janani Suraksha Yojana, Village Health and Nutrition Days, and Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan.
The document outlines the goals and strategies of India's Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child PLUS Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A) program. The goals include increasing coverage of key interventions like facility births, antenatal care, immunizations, and reducing issues like anemia and malnutrition. The program aims to provide continuum of care across the life stages of reproduction, pregnancy, childbirth, newborn, child, and adolescent. It focuses on community and facility-based interventions like immunization drives, nutrition programs, reproductive healthcare, and strengthening health systems. Key challenges include addressing adolescent health and improving implementation through use of data and timely payments.
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In 2011 to reduce neonatal mortality government of India launched Home based new born care program based on Gadchirolli model of SEARCH. This presentation will tell about how the program is enrolling in our country.
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1) The document outlines India's RMNCH+A (Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child Health + Adolescence) strategy, which takes a comprehensive, life cycle approach to improving maternal and child health outcomes.
2) It describes 25 high-impact interventions across 5 thematic areas (maternal health, newborn care, child health, family planning and nutrition) that are implemented at the community and facility levels as part of the "continuum of care".
3) The goals of the strategy are to reduce India's infant mortality rate, maternal mortality ratio, and total fertility rate by 2017 through improved coverage and quality of these priority interventions.
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The document summarizes the Every Newborn Action Plan (ENAP) which aims to end preventable newborn deaths and stillbirths by 2035. The ENAP sets targets to reduce newborn mortality to 10 deaths or less per 1,000 live births and stillbirths to 10 deaths or less per 1,000 total births in every country. It outlines five strategic objectives focused on improving care around labor, birth and the first week of life. The ENAP will be launched in 2014 to mobilize global action and accountability for newborns within the post-2015 development framework.
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The document describes about the History, trends and programs to improves the neonatal health of nepal. It will helps to know and understand the current programs and what was done before for the health of neonates and childrens in nepal. Mostly used for Public health, Nursing and Medical students. The document is developed on 2023 so, the policies and programs after 2023 was not encorporated in this document.
This document discusses natal (delivery) care in Nepal, outlining its objectives, services, policies, and challenges. It defines natal care and outlines its key components. It describes Nepal's plans and policies to increase skilled birth attendance and institutional deliveries, including the Safe Motherhood Policy (1998) and National Free Delivery Policy (2009). The document discusses increasing c-section rates in Nepal and highlights issues like shortages of trained health professionals that pose challenges to improving natal care.
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This document outlines the RMNCH+A framework in India, which aims to improve reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health through an integrated approach. It discusses the problem statement, goals and targets, strategic interventions across the lifecycle from adolescence to reproductive years. These include adolescent health services, antenatal care, skilled birth attendance, essential newborn care, immunization, and family planning. The framework also covers health system strengthening, program management, priority actions in vulnerable areas, and partnerships to support RMNCH+A service delivery in India.
The National Family Welfare Programme was launched in 1952 to promote family planning and improve quality of life. It aims to encourage small family sizes and use of spacing methods. Key strategies include integrating family welfare services with health services, focusing on rural areas, and using mass media campaigns. The programme monitors indicators like contraceptive use, antenatal care coverage, and immunization rates. Maternal and Child Health programmes were also launched to reduce mortality and morbidity rates by providing reproductive health services, nutrition programmes, and disease prevention.
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The India Newborn Action Plan (INAP) aims to reduce preventable newborn deaths and stillbirths in India. Its two goals are to achieve a neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and stillbirth rate (SBR) of less than 10 by 2030. It outlines six intervention pillars including care during pregnancy, childbirth, the postnatal period and beyond. The plan emphasizes improving services for maternal and newborn care across various levels of India's health system through strategies like the Home Based Newborn Care program and strengthening special newborn care units. Successful implementation of INAP requires active participation and commitment from India's states to achieve its vision by 2030.
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This presentation is prepared as part of the Course assignment of “Public Health Service Management” for the Master's Degree of Public Health (MPH), Pokhara University and can be used as reference materials. The content and facts included in the presentation are as of information available till February 2023 and no conflict of interest is associated with the presentation. The presentation is prepared by Sagar Parajuli.
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This presentation is prepared as part of the Course assignment of “Epidemiology of Diseases and Health Problems” for the Master's Degree of Public Health (MPH), Pokhara University and can be used as reference materials. The content and facts included in the presentation are as of information available till December 2022 and no conflict of interest is associated with the presentation. The presentation is prepared by Sagar Parajuli.
Epidemiological Perspective of Malaria_Sagar Parajuli.pptxSagarParajuli9
This presentation is prepared as part of the Course assignment of “Epidemiology of Diseases and Health Problems” for the Master's Degree of Public Health (MPH), Pokhara University and can be used as reference materials. The content and facts included in the presentation are as of information available till December 2022 and no conflict of interest is associated with the presentation. The presentation is prepared by Sagar Parajuli.
This particular slides consist of- what is hypotension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is the summary of hypotension:
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is when the pressure of blood circulating in the body is lower than normal or expected. It's only a problem if it negatively impacts the body and causes symptoms. Normal blood pressure is usually between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg, but pressures below 90/60 are generally considered hypotensive.
India Medical Devices Market: Size, Share, and In-Depth Competitive Analysis ...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, “India Medical Devices Market Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition, Opportunity and Forecast, 2019-2029,” the India Medical Devices Market was valued at USD 15.35 billion in 2023 and is anticipated to witness impressive growth in the forecast period, with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.35% through 2029. This growth is driven by various factors, including strategic collaborations and partnerships among leading companies, a growing population, and the increasing demand for advanced healthcare solutions.
Recent Trends
Strategic Collaborations and Partnerships
One of the most significant trends driving the India Medical Devices Market is the increasing number of collaborations and partnerships among leading companies. These alliances aim to merge the expertise of individual companies to strengthen their market position and enhance their product offerings. For instance, partnerships between local manufacturers and international companies bring advanced technologies and manufacturing techniques to the Indian market, fostering innovation and improving product quality.
Browse over XX market data Figures and spread through XX Pages and an in-depth TOC on " India Medical Devices Market.” - https://www.techsciresearch.com/report/india-medical-devices-market/8161.html
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Discover the groundbreaking advancements in stem cell therapy by R3 Stem Cell, offering new hope for women with ovarian failure. This innovative treatment aims to restore ovarian function, improve fertility, and enhance overall well-being, revolutionizing reproductive health for women worldwide.
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How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research.
"Market Research it too text-booky, I am in the market for a decade, I am living research book" this is what the founder I met on the event claimed, few of my colleagues rolled their eyes. Its true that one cannot over look the real life experience, but one cannot out beat structured gold mine of market research.
Many 0 to 1 startup founders often overlook market research, but this critical step can make or break a venture, especially in health tech.
But Why do they skip it?
Limited resources—time, money, and manpower—are common culprits.
"In fact, a survey by CB Insights found that 42% of startups fail due to no market need, which is like building a spaceship to Mars only to realise you forgot the fuel."
Sudharsan Srinivasan
Operational Partner Pitchworks VC Studio
Overconfidence in their product’s success leads founders to assume it will naturally find its market, especially in health tech where patient needs, entire system issues and regulatory requirements are as complex as trying to perform brain surgery with a butter knife. Additionally, the pressure to launch quickly and the belief in their own intuition further contribute to this oversight. Yet, thorough market research in health tech could be the key to transforming a startup's vision into a life-saving reality, instead of a medical mishap waiting to happen.
Example of Market Research working
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Identifying Pain Points: Innovaccer surveyed healthcare providers to understand their difficulties with data integration, care coordination, and patient engagement. They found widespread frustration with siloed systems and inefficient workflows.
Competitive Analysis: Analyzed competitors offering similar solutions in healthcare analytics and interoperability. Identified gaps in comprehensive data aggregation, real-time analytics, and actionable insights.
Regulatory Compliance: Ensured their platform complied with HIPAA and other healthcare data privacy regulations. This compliance was crucial to gaining trust from healthcare providers wary of data security issues.
Customer Validation: Conducted pilot programs with several healthcare organizations to validate the platform's effectiveness in improving care outcomes and operational efficiency. Gathered feedback to refine features and user interface.
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Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric noreen and peter brewer_compressed
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nursing management of patient with Empyema pptblessyjannu21
prepared by Prof. BLESSY THOMAS, SPN
Empyema is a disease of respiratory system It is defines as the accumulation of thick, purulent fluid within the pleural space, often with fibrin development.
Empyema is also called pyothorax or purulent pleuritis.
It’s a condition in which pus gathers in the area between the lungs and the inner surface of the chest wall. This area is known as the pleural space.
Pus is a fluid that’s filled with immune cells, dead cells, and bacteria.
Pus in the pleural space can’t be coughed out. Instead, it needs to be drained by a needle or surgery.
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We look into the evolution of health informatics and its applications in the healthcare industry.
HIMMS TIGER resources are available to assist Health Informatics education.
Indian Health universities, IT Education institutions, and the healthcare industry must proactively collaborate to start health informatics courses on a big scale. An advocacy push from various stakeholders is also needed for this goal.
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This particular slides consist of- what is hypertension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is summary of hypertension -
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood pressure in the body's arteries is consistently too high. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels as the heart pumps it. Hypertension can increase the risk of heart disease, brain disease, kidney disease, and premature death.
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Here are some key objectives of communication with children:
Build Trust and Security:
Establish a safe and supportive environment where children feel comfortable expressing themselves.
Encourage Expression:
Enable children to articulate their thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
Promote Emotional Understanding:
Help children identify and understand their own emotions and the emotions of others.
Enhance Listening Skills:
Develop children’s ability to listen attentively and respond appropriately.
Foster Positive Relationships:
Strengthen the bond between children and caregivers, peers, and other adults.
Support Learning and Development:
Aid cognitive and language development through engaging and meaningful conversations.
Teach Social Skills:
Encourage polite, respectful, and empathetic interactions with others.
Resolve Conflicts:
Provide tools and guidance for children to handle disagreements constructively.
Encourage Independence:
Support children in making decisions and solving problems on their own.
Provide Reassurance and Comfort:
Offer comfort and understanding during times of distress or uncertainty.
Reinforce Positive Behavior:
Acknowledge and encourage positive actions and behaviors.
Guide and Educate:
Offer clear instructions and explanations to help children understand expectations and learn new concepts.
By focusing on these objectives, communication with children can be both effective and nurturing, supporting their overall growth and well-being.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES FOR CHILDREN.pdf
Review & Critical Appraisal of Newborn Health Programs_DRHN.pptx
1. Review and Critical Appraisal of
Newborn Health Policies and Programs of
Nepal
Sagar Parajuli
Sunita Poudel
MPH 2022
School of Health & Allied Sciences
Pokhara University
2. Introduction to Newborn and Newborn Health
Essential Newborn care services
Danger Signs in Newborn
Global, SEARO and National Status- Newborn Health
Policies & Programs (Brief about programs and guiding policies)
Key Monitoring Indicators
International Practices in Newborn Health
Critical Appraisal; Issues, Challenges and Constraints
Critical Appraisal- Recommendations
Need of investment in Newborn Health
References
2
Content Outlines
3. • Newborn Infant or Neonates- Children below 28 days of Life (WHO Definition)
• Neonatal period- a very crucial period for child’s survival as there is always highest risk
of infections and deaths during first week and month of birth.
• Essential Newborn care services includes immediate care at birth and continuation of
care till neonatal period.
12/20/2022 3
Newborn Health & Newborn Health Care Services
4. Categorization of Neonatal
Period
Perinatal Period
Early-natal period
Late Neonatal period
12/20/2022 4
Newborn Health & Newborn Health Care Services
5. 5
Components of Essential Newborn Care
“High quality universal newborn health care is the right of every newborn everywhere”- WHO
• Includes immediate care at birth and essential care during newborn period
• Essential Newborn care includes
1. Immediate care at birth- 4 elements
2. Thermal Care
3. Resuscitation when needed
4. Support for breastmilk feeding
5. Nurturing Care
6. Infection Prevention
7. Assessment of Health Problems
8. Recognition & response to danger signs
9. Timely and safely referral when needed
6. 6
Components of Essential Newborn Care
• Major Four Elements of Immediate care at birth , also known as time-bound
interventions
1. Immediate and thorough drying
2. Skin to Skin contact
3. Cord clamping (1-3 minutes)
4. Early initiation of breastfeeding
• Indicator for monitoring Newborn Health Services, WHO- “the proportion of
newborns who received all four elements”
• Five essential newborn care- CB-IMNCI Treatment Protocol, added Don't bath baby
within 24 hrs
7. 7
Danger Signs in Newborn
World Health Organization listed Danger signs:
1. Not being able to feed or stopped feeding well
2. Convulsion or fitted since birth
3. Fast breathing (Two counts of 60 breaths or
more in 1 minute)
4. Chest indrawing
5. High Temperature (37.5 C or more)
6. Low Temperature (35.4 C or less)
7. Yellow soles
8. Movement only when stimulated, or no
movement on stimulation
9. Local infection signs: Umbilicus redness,
draining of pus, skin boils, ear draining pus
Danger
Signs
8. • Global number of newborns deaths declined
from 5 million in 1990 to 2.4 million in
2019, but there is always highest risk of
deaths during neonatal period.
• In 2019, 47% of all under-5 deaths occurred
in the newborn period with about one third
dying on the day of birth and close to three
quarters dying within the first week of life.
• Major causes of Newborn Deaths- preterm
birth, intrapartum complications, infections
and birth defects
Source: WHO, 2019
12/20/2022 8
Newborn Health; Global Status
12. 42
43
54
61 60 60
63
61
69
72
69 69
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
NFHS 1996 NDHS 2001 NDHS 2006 NDHS 2011 MICS 2014 NDHS2016
NMR as % of U5MR NMR as % of IMR
12
% of NMR among U5MR and IMR
13. Infection specific
to perinatal
period
16%
Congenital
malformations &
deformations
7%
Sudden neonatal
death
6%
Hypothermia
4% Other
7%
Respiratory &
cardiovascular
disorder of
perinatal period
31%
Complications
of pregnancy,
labor & delivery
31%
NDHS, 2016
13
Causes of Neonatal Deaths
14. 32 30
37
26
12
19
7
7
10
2
5
10 5
Female Male
Other
Hypothermia
Sudden neonatal death
Congenital malformations &
deformations
Infection specific to perinatal
period
Complications of pregnancy,
labor & delivery
Respiratory & cardiovascular
disorder of perinatal period
Percent distribution of neonatal deaths within 0-27 days of birth
14
Causes of Neonatal Deaths by Sex
NDHS, 2016
15. <1 hour
17%
1-23 hours
40%
24-167 hours
22%
7-27 days
21%
Percent distribution of neonatal deaths within 0-27 days of birth
15
Time period of Neonatal Deaths
NDHS, 2016
16. Complications of
pregnancy, labor &
delivery
41%
Unspecified
cause
54%
Congenital
malformations
&
deformations
1%
Disorders
related to
length of
gestation &
fetal growth
4%
Percent distribution of causes of stillbirths
16
NDHS, 2016
Causes of Stillbirths
17. • Total cases- 21,813
• Among total cases
10.63 % Possible Severe Bacterial Infection cases,
39.91% Local Bacterial Infections (LBI),
3.9% jaundice,
5.9% of low weight or feeding problem
• 114 newborn deaths reported (HF+ORC)
17
Treatment of Newborn (0-28 days) cases in FY 077/78
18. 18
Studies on Newborn Care Program, Nepal
• Less than 1% receiving WHO four
essential elements of Newborn care
• 19.5% skin to skin contact, 68.2% delayed
cord clamping
• Risk of mortality declined with increase in
no of essential elements
1. 50% reduction in risk of mortality on
receiving one element also
2. 72% reduction in risk of mortality on
receiving four elements
21. 1979
• National Immunization Program (EPI)
1983
• Diarrhea Control Program
1987
• ARI Control Program
1998
• Community Based Integrated Management of Childhood Illness
Program- CBIMCI
2005
• Morang Innovative Neonatal Intervention pilot(MINI)
• Zinc + Low osmolar ORS for diarrhea treatment
21
Child Survival to Child Health Programs- Major Milestones
22. 2009
• Community Based Newborn Care Program (CB-NCP)
2011
• Use of Chlorhexidine for cord care
2014
• Community Based Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood
Illnesses- CBIMNCI
2015
• Facility based IMNCI and free newborn care
2016
• Nepal Every Newborn Action Plan
22
Child Survival to Child Health Programs- Major Milestones
24. Child Health
Programs
Newborn Care
Services
Level I
(Newborn
corner)
HP/PHCC/
Hospital
Level II
(Special
Newborn Care
Unit)
Hospitals
Level III
(Newborn Intensive
Care Unit)
Zonal Hospital
and above
IMNCI
CB-
IMNCI
HP/PHCC/DH
FB-IMNCI
DH
Referral
24
Newborn and Child Health Services Structure
25. Level IMNCI Service Newborn Care Service
HP (without Birthing
Center)
Case management protocol
Health Post (with
birthing center)
+ Essential newborn care
+ Resuscitation
+ Case management
(Newborn corner, through SBA)
PHCC Case management
Focused treatment
Emergency Management
Level 1 care
(Newborn corner, ENC, PMTCT, thermal
care, feeding, transfer, growth and
nutrition monitoring)
Hospital Case management
Focused treatment
Emergency management
Level 2 care
(Level 1 care + Special Newborn Care
Unit (SNCU)+ KMC care)
Zonal Hospital and
Above
Case management
Focused treatment
Emergency management
Level 3 care
(NICU) (Level I + Level II + KMC care
unit + Ventilation)
25
Services and Level of Care
26. 26
Vision 90 by 2030
Goal: Improve newborn child survival
and ensure healthy growth and
development.
Objectives:
1. To reduce neo natality mortality and
morbidity by promoting essential
newborn care services and managing
major cause of illnesses
2. To reduce childhood mortality and
morbidity by managing major cause of
illnesses
27. • Promotion
– Birth preparedness plan
– Essential newborn care practices
– Postnatal care to mother and newborn
• Identification and management
– Non-breathing babies
– Preterm and Low birth weight babies
– Sepsis among young infants (0-59 days) including diarrhea
• Management of sick newborn through
– New born corner at PHCC
– SNCU at district hospital
– NICU at zonal hospital and above
– Implementing Free Newborn Care Services
27
Newborn Specific Program Interventions
28. Free Sick Newborn care packages; Package A, B, and C, Incentives for sick
newborn case management, Incentive NRs 300 to health workers for providing
all forms of packaged services to be arranged from health facility reimbursement
amounts
NICU, SNCU and KMCU Services
Basic Emergency Obstetric & Newborn Care (BEONC) program- Management
of complicated pregnancies, resuscitation of newborn
Safe Motherhood Program- From ANC to PNC, women encouraged for 8 ANCs
and at least 3 PNCs for monitoring pregnancy, delivery women’s health and
newborn health, promoting breastfeeding, immunization, hygiene,
Immunization & Nutrition Program
Equity and Access Program
FCHV Program & PHC-ORC, HF level Interventions
28
Newborn Specific Programs & Provisions
29. Package Type Treatment and Care services for Health Facility per case management Unit Cost
Package 0 - Resuscitation
- KMC
- Antibiotics as per IMNCI protocol
No Cost
Package 'A' Medicines- Antibiotics and other drugs as per National Neonatal Clinical
Protocol, NS, RL, 5% dextrose, 10% dextrose, 1/5 NS with 5% or 10%
dextrose, Potassium chloride, Adrenaline, Buro set, IV Canula
Laboratory services- Blood TC, DC, Hb, Micro ESR, CRP, Blood Sugar,
blood grouping, Serum Bilirubin (total and direct).
Oxygen Supply by hood box /nasal prong
X-ray / USG
Rs. 1000
29
Free sick newborn care packages
30. Package Type Treatment & Care Services for Health Facility Unit Cost
Package ‘B’ Photo therapy
Laboratory Services- Blood culture, RFT (Sodium, Potassium, Urea createnine), Serum
calcium
Lumber Puncture and CSF Analysis
Medicine- Dopamine, Dobutamine, Phenobarbitone, Phenytoin, Midazolam, calcium
Gluconate, Aminophylene
Bubble CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)
Rs 2000
Package ‘C’ NICU Admission (Must)
NICU bedside Ultrasonography (USG)
NICU bedside Portable X-Ray
Lab: ABG, Magnesium, Chloride, Serum Osmolarity, Urine Specific Gravity , Urine
Electrolyte
Double Volume Exchange Transfusion, Blood transfusion
Medicine: Caffine
Mechanical Ventilation
Rs 5000
30
Free sick newborn care packages
32. 1. % of institutional delivery
2. % of newborn applied with CHX immediately after birth
3. % of infants (0-2 months) with PSBI receiving complete dose of Inj. Gentamycin
4. % of U-5 children with pneumonia treated with antibiotics
5. % of U-5 children with diarrhoea treated with Zinc+ORS
6. Stock status of 5 key commodities: Zinc, ORS, Gentamycin, Amoxicillin, CHX
7. HMIS Recording- Total Newborn case (HF & ORC), PSBI cases, Local Bacterial
Infection (LBI) , jaundice, % with low weight or feeding problem, referred and
deaths, FCHV Program-Sick baby, Treated with amoxicillin, Referred
HMIS Recording & Reporting
HMIS 2.4 IMNCI Register, HMIS 8.4 SNCU NICU Register (Newly added)
HMIS 9.3 & 9.4 Reporting (IMNCI & Newborn Care Program)
32
Newborn & IMNCI Program Key Monitoring indicators
33. • Neonatal Health Strategy (2004)
• NENAP (2015-2035)
• National Neonatal Clinical Protocol (2016)
• Free Newborn Care Guideline (2015)
• Nepal Perinatal Quality Improvement Guideline
• CBIMNCI Training Package
• Comprehensive Newborn Care (Level II) Training Package
• Facility Based IMNCI Training Package
• Newborn care/ FBIMNCI Mentoring Guideline 2020
• Newborn care services mentoring Guideline
33
Guiding Documents
34. 34
Guiding Documents- National Neonatal Health Strategy 2003
Goal: “To improve the health and survival of newborn babies in Nepal”
Strategic Objectives :
• To achieve a sustainable increase in the adoption of healthy newborn care
practices and reduce prevailing harmful practices.
• To strengthen the quality of promotive, preventive and curative neonatal health
services at all levels.
Strategic Interventions: Policy, Behavior Change communication, Strengthening
Health Care Delivery, Strengthening Programme Management, Research
35. 35
National Safe Motherhood and Newborn Health Long Term plan
Goal: Improved maternal and neonatal survival, especially of the poor and excluded.
Key Targets: Reduction of MMR from 539 to 134 per 100,000 by 2017
Reduction of NMR from 39 to 15 per 1000 by 2017
Outputs listed in NSMNH-LTP (2006-2017)
1. Equity and access
2. Services
3. Public Private partnership
4. Decentralization
5. Human Resource Development; SBA strategy
6. Information Management
7. Physical Assets and Procurement 8. Finance
36. 36
Nepal Every Newborn’s Action plan (NeNap) 2016
Vision: ‘A Nepal in which there are no preventable
deaths of newborns or stillbirths, where every
pregnancy is wanted, every birth celebrated, and
women, babies and children survive, thrive and reach
their full potential’
Targets & Goal: Reduce NMR to less than 11 per 1000
live births and stillbirths to less than 13 per 1000 total
births by 2035, at national and provincial level.
Strategic Approaches: Equitable distribution of health
services, Quality for all, Multi-sectoral approach
Nine Strategic Objectives
37. 37
Nepal Safe Motherhood and Newborn Road Map 2030
• Nepal’s Safe Motherhood and Newborn Health (SMNH) Road Map 2030 aims to
ensure a healthy life for, and the well-being of, all mothers and newborns.
• The Road Map is aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to reduce
Newborn Mortality Rate (NMR) from the current 21 to less than 12 deaths per 1,000
live births.
5 Outcomes listed
Outcome 1- The availability of high quality MNH Services increased, leaving no one
behind.
Outcome 2- The demand for and utilization of equitable MNH services increased.
Outcome 3- The governance of MNH services improved and accountability assured.
Outcome 4- M & E of MNH services improved.
Outcome 5- Emergency preparedness and response for MNH strengthened.
38. • Implementation of Free Newborn Care Program in all local, provincial and federal level
hospitals
• Development of Early childhood development guideline and its orientation
• Expansion of SNCUs in district hospitals (35 hospitals)
• Capacity building of SNCU/ NICU Staffs (Mos/ Nursing Staffs) through Level II
training (10 batches)
• Research on Newborn and child health (Provincial level orientation done)
• Development of KMC Guidelines and KMC corners (Draft prepared)
• CBIMNCI/ FBIMNCI/ Newborn Care coach development and mobilization
• Routine Quality Data Assessment (RQDA)
• Point of Care Quality Improvement Program (7 provinces)
• Prioritization of Newborn and Child Health Programs in Nepal Health Sector
Strategy(2022-30)
• Mother and Baby Friendly Hospital Initiatives
• Scaling up of KMC at institutional level and community level
38
Government Plans for Newborn Health
40. 40
Critical Appraisal; Issues and Challenges
Building Blocks of
Health System
Issues, Challenges and Constraints
Service
Delivery
Lack of designated SNCU & NICU at Health Facility-combined with other
services, No address of SNCU/NICU/KMCU at Health Facility Structure
Standards, Lack of assignment of focal person for Newborn services at HFs
resulting into lack of ownership and initiations, No CEONC sites in some
rural
Human
Resources
Lack of trained Human resources/Coach/Mentor for mentoring sessions at
national level, No refresher trainings on time, Frequent HSP transfer resulting
into service discontinuation,
Information
Less IEC materials and A/V contents on Newborn danger signs and
management, Newborn care services information
Lack of effective Social Behavior Change Communication(SBCC) Strategies
41. 41
Critical Appraisal; Issues and Challenges
Building Blocks of
Health System
Issues, Challenges and Constraints
Medicines &
Technologies
More Central procurement for Newborn and Child Health Programs
Commodities- lack of timely dispatch to local levels, discontinuation of
services due to lack of commodities
Healthcare
Financing
Less prioritized budget for newborn care programs
Provincial and local government giving less priority to MNH Programs during
Annual Work Plan Budgeting (AWPB) Preparation
Hospitals more dependent on government budget,
Leadership &
Governance
Lack of regular supportive supervision, monitoring and evaluation
Lack of effective referral pathway, mechanism and guidelines
Not so expected Public private partnership and stakeholder engagement
42. 42
Critical Appraisal: Recommendations
Need of Comprehensive Child Health Framework at national level
Creating a pool/cadre of trained human resources and coaches through coach
development training for effective and frequent mentoring sessions
Time and again orientation and refresher training to Health Service Providers on
updated guidelines, new protocols and policies
Routine Quality Data Assessment is essential for identification of data clerks
Public private partnership and multi-stakeholders engagement: Orienting private
clinics and pharmacies for referring cases, as they are first point of contact for most of
population, Engaging local stakeholders and policymakers
Coordination & collaboration with EDPs, I/NGOs
43. 12/20/2022 43
• Reduction of Still birth rates by 30%
from 17.6 to 12.4 per 1000 births,
leading MMR to 132 per 100,000,
NMR to 7 per 1000 live births
• 13 Interventions
• Neonatal Resuscitation, acute management of
third stage labor, Antenatal corticosteroids for
preterm labor, antibiotics for preterm
premature rupture of membrane, Tetanus
Toxoid during pregnancy, Early detection &
treatment of HIV in pregnant women
• Syphilis detection and treatment,
Hypertensive disease case management,
diabetes case management, MgSO4
management of pre-eclampsia, Fetal growth
restriction identification and management,
labor and delivery management, Inducing of
labor for pregnancies beyond 41 weeks
44. Estimated USD 2-17 ROI for every dollar invested on Newborn despite
pessimistic growth projections
For Nepal, estimated economic returns (USD) per dollar invested is 6,
while for Bhutwan-17 and India-11
For meeting SDG target of 12 per 1000 live births Nepal needs an annual
rate of reduction (ARR) of NMR of 4.8%- Current ARR 4%
Source: Investment Case in Newborn Survival in South Asia, UNICEF
12/20/2022 44
Newborn Health & Investment in Newborn Health
Care Services: Necessity from Policy to Actions
46. • https://www.who.int/westernpacific/health-topics/newborn-health
• https://www.who.int/teams/maternal-newborn-child-adolescent-health-and-ageing/newborn-
health/essential-newborn-care
• https://nhssp.org.np/Resources/SD/SMNH%20Roadmap%202030%20-%20%20January%202020.pdf
• https://laerdalglobalhealth.com/Resources/news/hbb-hms-nepal/
• https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR336/FR336.pdf
• https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00015/full
• Investing in Newborn Health South Asia, UNICEF
• UNICEF Data portal
• World Health Organization Fact sheet 2022
• Nepal Every Newborn’s Action Plan 2006
• Nepal Safe motherhood and Newborn Road Map 2030
• Coverage of WHO’s four essential elements of newborn care and their association in newborn survival
• Triple Return on Investment: the cost and impact of 13 interventions that could prevent stillbirths and
save lives of mother and babies of South Africa
12/20/2022 46
References
Source: World Health Organization
https://www.who.int/teams/maternal-newborn-child-adolescent-health-and-ageing/newborn-health/essential-newborn-care
Source of Information: World Health Organization
Investment Case in Newborn Survival in South Asia, UNICEF https://www.unicef.org/rosa/media/16846/file/Investment%20Case%20for%20Newborn%20Survival%20in%20South%20Asia.pdf
Source of Information: Investment Case in Newborn Survival in South Asia, UNICEF https://www.unicef.org/rosa/media/16846/file/Investment%20Case%20for%20Newborn%20Survival%20in%20South%20Asia.pdf
Source: World Health Organization
https://www.who.int/teams/maternal-newborn-child-adolescent-health-and-ageing/newborn-health/essential-newborn-care
Source: World Health Organization
https://www.who.int/teams/maternal-newborn-child-adolescent-health-and-ageing/newborn-health/essential-newborn-care
Convulsion-Epileptic Fits
Source: World Health Organization- Newborn Fact Sheet
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/newborns-reducing-mortality
Source: World Health Organization- Newborn Fact Sheet
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/newborns-reducing-mortality
Source: UNICEF Global 2018, Data Portal
These direct causes are constellation of underlying causes which includes poor pre-pregnancy health, inadequate care during pregnancy and delivery, LBW and inadequate newborn and postpartum care.
NFHS: Nepal Family Health Survey/NDHS
Source: NDHS, 2016. The most common causes of neonatal death were due to respiratory and cardiovascular disorders of perinatal period (31%) and complications of pregnancy, labor and delivery (31%).
Source: NDHS 2016. The proportion of deaths occurring due to given causes is not very different for male and female neonates except in the case of sudden neonatal deaths where male are more affected and complications of pregnancy, labor, and delivery where more female are affected
Source: NDHS 2016. 17% of neonatal deaths have occurred within first hour of life. Overall, more than half of neonatal deaths have occurred within the first day of life (57%). As expected around 79% of total deaths have occurred within early neonatal period (0-6) days. Late neonatal deaths (7-27 days) account for rest 21%.
Source: NDHS 2016. Unlike the cause of neonatal deaths, it was not possible to specify the cause of stillbirths in more than half of cases (54%). The most common known causes were complications of pregnancy, labor and delivery (41%) followed by disorders related to length of gestation and fetal growth (4%) and congenital malformation (1%).
Source: Annual Report, Department of Health Services
Source: Annual Report, Department of Health Services
Source: Nepal Safe Motherhood and Newborn Road Map 2030
Source: Annual Report, Department of Health Services
Source: Annual Report, Department of Health Services
Source: Annual Report, Department of Health Services
According to the World Health Organization, postnatal care services for newborns should start as soon as possible after birth because many neonatal deaths occur within the first 48 hours of life (WHO 2015) to identify, manage, and prevent complications, the government of Nepal recommends at least three postnatal checkups for newborns within 7 days of delivery, which is considered a critical time period for neonates and mothers.
Source: Annual Report, Department of Health Services
Source: Annual Report, Department of Health Services
According to the World Health Organization, postnatal care services for newborns should start as soon as possible after birth because many neonatal deaths occur within the first 48 hours of life (WHO 2015) to identify, manage, and prevent complications, the government of Nepal recommends at least three postnatal checkups for newborns within 7 days of delivery, which is considered a critical time period for neonates and mothers.
Four types of packages for sick newborn case management. Health facilities can claim a maximum of NPR 8,000 (packages A+B+C), depending on medicines, diagnostic and treatment services provided.
Four types of packages for sick newborn case management. Health facilities can claim a maximum of NPR 8,000 (packages A+B+C), depending on medicines, diagnostic and treatment services provided
SNCU: 30- Government Management, 8 SNCU supported by UNICEF
NICU: Total 8; Karnali Provincial, Lumbini Provincial, Bharatpur, Janakpur Zonal Hospital, Narayani Sub-regional Hospital, Seti Zonal, Koshi Zonal and Western Regional
Source: National Neonatal Health Strategy 2003
Source: National Safe Motherhood and Newborn Health Long Term Plan
Source: Nepal Every Newborn’s Action Plan 2016
Source: Nepal Safe Motherhood and Newborn Road Map 2030
Source: Annual Report, Department of Health Services 077/78 FY
Source: Nepal Safe Motherhood and Newborn Road Map 2030
Source of Information: Investment Case in Newborn Survival in South Asia, UNICEF https://www.unicef.org/rosa/media/16846/file/Investment%20Case%20for%20Newborn%20Survival%20in%20South%20Asia.pdf