Resuscitation
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This document discusses resuscitation and covers several topics in 3 paragraphs or less each: Sudden cardiac death is most common in males over age 45, often caused by undiagnosed coronary artery disease. Pathologies include coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias. Prevention relies on recognizing risk factors and symptoms. Nontraumatic shock criteria is a systolic blood pressure under 90 mmHg, affecting 1.3% of emergency patients. Septic shock has a 26% mortality while cardiogenic shock is 39-48%. Neurogenic shock occurs in under 20% of spinal injuries. The document categories shock and discusses acid-base balance, blood gases, fluids and electrolytes as they
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1. Syncope is often related to cardiac causes in adults. Common cardiac causes include structural heart disease, arrhythmias, and obstructive lesions.
2. Long QT syndrome is an inherited condition that can cause syncope, seizures, or sudden cardiac death, especially with exercise or emotions. It is diagnosed by an elongated QT interval on ECG.
3. Congenital heart defects can cause left-to-right shunts, obstructive lesions, or valvular issues, each with their own pathophysiology that can potentially lead to syncope.
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This document provides an overview of sudden cardiac death, including its definition, epidemiology, risk factors, etiologies, clinical features, management, and prevention. Some key points include:
- Sudden cardiac death is defined as natural death from cardiac causes within 1 hour of symptom onset. It accounts for about 50% of cardiovascular deaths.
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The symptomology that differentiates 2 basic causes- seizures and syncope amongst other causes.
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Syncope, or fainting, is a brief loss of consciousness caused by a temporary drop in blood flow to the brain. It accounts for around 2% of emergency department visits. The most common causes of syncope are cardiac issues, neurological problems, medication side effects, and reflex or orthostatic causes. A thorough history, physical exam, and electrocardiogram can help emergency physicians evaluate patients and determine if further testing or hospital admission is needed to diagnose potentially life-threatening underlying conditions.
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1. Syncope is often related to cardiac causes in adults. Common cardiac causes include structural heart disease, arrhythmias, and obstructive lesions.
2. Long QT syndrome is an inherited condition that can cause syncope, seizures, or sudden cardiac death, especially with exercise or emotions. It is diagnosed by an elongated QT interval on ECG.
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Coronary artery disease is the major cause of sudden cardiac death in adults, accounting for 80% of cases. Cardiomyopathy accounts for 10-15% of cases, with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy being the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes. Other less common causes include hereditary channelopathies, valvular disease, and congenital anomalies, which together account for 5-10% of remaining cases. Prevention strategies for sudden cardiac death include avoiding proarrhythmic drugs, taking beta blockers, and receiving implantable cardiac defibrillators.
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A 36-year-old male on ACE inhibitors presents with a sore throat and difficulty swallowing, likely experiencing uvular angioedema as a rare but potentially fatal side effect of ACE inhibitors. A 50-year-old woman presents with shortness of breath and fatigue, and her ECG demonstrates a malignant pericardial effusion. A 40-year-old male with a heart murmur presents with fever, weight loss, and chills, exhibiting signs of infective endocarditis.
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This document provides an overview of sudden cardiac death, including its definition, epidemiology, risk factors, etiologies, clinical features, management, and prevention. Some key points include:
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- Risk factors include increasing age, male sex, coronary heart disease, smoking, elevated cholesterol, emotional stress, depression, low socioeconomic status, and left ventricular dysfunction.
- Transient factors like ischemia, electrolyte abnormalities, drugs, and autonomic influences can trigger lethal arrhythmias in those with underlying structural heart issues. Antiarrhythmic drugs in particular carry
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This is about the symptoms of Loss of Conciousness.
The symptomology that differentiates 2 basic causes- seizures and syncope amongst other causes.
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Syncope, or fainting, is a brief loss of consciousness caused by a temporary drop in blood flow to the brain. It accounts for around 2% of emergency department visits. The most common causes of syncope are cardiac issues, neurological problems, medication side effects, and reflex or orthostatic causes. A thorough history, physical exam, and electrocardiogram can help emergency physicians evaluate patients and determine if further testing or hospital admission is needed to diagnose potentially life-threatening underlying conditions.
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This document provides an overview of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). It discusses that SAH is defined as bleeding into the subarachnoid space within the cranial vault. The most common causes are saccular aneurysms (85%) and arteriovenous malformations (5%). Risk factors include age, hypertension, smoking, and family history. Clinical features include a sudden, severe headache and may include neck stiffness, vomiting, loss of consciousness, and focal neurological deficits. Diagnosis is typically made using CT scan and cerebral angiography. Treatment focuses on preventing rebleeding through bed rest, medications, and potentially clipping or coiling the aneurysm to prevent further bleeding.
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Resuscitation
- 1. Resuscitation Jonathan Maratas Paghubasan, MD 4th Year Emergency Residency
- 2. Resuscitation Sudden cardiac death Nontraumatic shock Traumatic shock Allergy and anaphylaxis Acid-base balance Blood gases, pulse oxumetry, capnography Fluids and electrolytes
- 3. Sudden Cardiac Death Most episodes of sudden cardiac death occur in the home, more likely to be ventricular fibrillation. occur within the first few hours after awakening from sleep. Prevalence of sudden cardiac death in adults is greatest in the age group older than 45 to 50 years, with 60% occurring in males. Coronary artery disease (which is often undiagnosed before the event) is the major cause of sudden cardiac death in adults
- 4. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE SEVERE LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION CARDIOMYOPATHY CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE VALVULAR HEART DISEASE CARDIAC PACEMAKER AND CONDUCTING SYSTEM DISEASE HEREDITARY CHANNELOPATHIES
- 5. PREVENTION OF SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH most common p tory symptoms reported by sudden cardiac death survivors or family members of victims are chest discomfort, dyspnea, and “not feeling well.” The best opportunity for prevention is to recognize signs and symptoms of the syndromes that place a patient at higher risk of sudden cardiac death and to admit or refer such patients for proper evaluation and prophylaxis.
- 6. Approach to Nontraumatic Shock Using a systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg as criteria, 0.4% to 1.3% of patients presenting to EDs are in shock. Septic shock has an estimated hospital mortality of 26%. Cardiogenic shock has an estimated hospital mortality of 39% to 48%.3,4 Neurogenic shock occurs in <20% of spinal cord injuries (cervical, 19.3%; thoracic, 7%; lumbar, 3%).