This document provides vocabulary and grammar lessons about the English language. It includes: 1. A list of vocabulary words related to crime, the online world, and false friends between English and Portuguese. 2. Explanations and examples of how to use the past simple, past perfect, and present perfect tenses in English grammar. It covers their affirmative, negative and interrogative forms as well as short answer structures. 3. Details on when to use the past simple versus past perfect tenses, including linking past events to the present.

1. Resumos Inglês
1. Vocabulary
Crime: nouns and verbs Crime: nomes e verbos Crime: nouns and verbs Crime: nomes e verbos
alibi álibi poof prova
burglar ladrão de casas robber assaltante
clue pista robbery roubo
crime crime statement depoimento
detective detective suspect suspeito; suspeitar
evidence prova terrorize aterrorizar
hack piratear por meio informáticos terrorism terrorismo
hacker pirata informático terrorist terrorista
hacking pirataria informática theft furto
investigation investigação thief ladrão
investigator investigador threat ameaça
mug roubar (violentamente) vandal vândalo
mugger assaltante (violentamente) vandalize vandalizar
mugging assalto (violento) vandalism vandalismo
murder assassínio witness testemunha
murderer assassino
Life Online Vida Online Life Online Vida Online
artificial artificial latest mais recente
blog blog network rede
browse pesquisar online shopping compras na Internet
chat room sala de chat password palavra passe
cutting-edge equipment equipamento de topo plasma screen ecrã plasma
download download software software (programas informáticos)
files ficheiros trend moda, tendência
games console consola de jogos update actualizar
globalization globalização upgrade melhorar
hardware hardware (parte física) virtual virtual
interplanetary interplanetário webcam webcam
invest investir youngsters jovens
False Friends Falsos Amigos False Friends Falsos Amigos
argue discutir hold realizar
discuss debater realize aperceber-se
attend frequentar relatives parentes
assist ajudar parents pais
history história (de um livro) sympathetic solidário
story história (de um país) nice simpático
news notícias pass passar
notice reparar
2. Grammar
2.1. Past Simple
Affirmative Negative Interrogative Short Answers
suj. + verbo no “Past Simple” suj. + didn’t + verbo did + suj. + verbo yes/no + did/didn’t
I watched. I didn’t watch. Did I watch? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
You watched. You didn’t watch. Did you watch? Yes, you did. / No, I didn’t.
He/she/it watched. He/she/it didn’t watch. Did he/she/it watch? Yes, he/she/it did. / No, he/she/it didn’t.
We watched. We didn’t watch. Did we watch? Yes, we did. / No, we didn’t.
You watched. You didn’t watch. Did you watch? Yes, you did. / No, you didn’t.
They watched. They didn’t watch. Did they watch? Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t.
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2. Resumos Inglês
Alguns verbos têm formas irregulares (tabela da última página)
Uso
 Exprimir acções que decorreram num determinado momento do passado
Expressões temporais
 Yesterday (ontem)
 Last night (a noite passada)
 Last week (a semana passada)
Regras: verbos regulares
 Com a maioria dos verbos acrescenta-se –ed.
 Se o verbo acaba em –e, acrescenta-se o –d.
 Se acaba em consoante + y, o y transforma-se em –i e junta-se –ed.
 Se o verbo acaba em vogal e consoante, dobra-se a consoante e junta-se –ed.
 Os verbos que terminam em –y não dobram a consoante final.
2.2. Past Perfect
Affirmative Negative
sujeito + had + verbo no “Past Participle” suj. + hadn’t + verbo no “Past Participle”
I had won. I hadn’t won.
You had won. You hadn’t won.
He/she/it had won. He/she/it hadn’t won.
We had won. We hadn’t won.
You had won. You hadn’t won.
They had won. They hadn’t won.
Interrogative Short Answers
did + sujeito + verbo yes/no + had/hadn’t
Had I won? Yes, I had. / No, I hadn’t.
Had you won? Yes, you had. / No, I didn’t.
Had he/she/it won? Yes, he/she/it had. / No, he/she/it hadn’t.
Had we won? Yes, we had. / No, we hadn’t.
Had you won? Yes, you had. / No, you hadn’t.
Had they won? Yes, they had. / No, they hadn’t.
Alguns verbos têm formas irregulares (tabela da última página)
Uso
 Falar de algo que aconteceu antes de outra acção ou momento no passado
 Usa-se com because para justificar uma acção no passado
2.3. Past Simple vs Past Perfect
 Usa-se o past perfect para nos referirmos a uma acção ou momento anterior e o past simple para a acção seguinte.
Ex. When we arrived at the party, John had gone home. (Quando chegamos à festa, o John já tinha ido embora.)
 Para falar de uma sequência de eventos por ordem cronológica, usa-se o past simple.
Ex. She told her parents that she wanted to act. Her opportunity came in 2002. (Ela contou aos pais que queria representar.
A oportunidade dela veio em 2002.)
 Para ligar uma acção ao presente, usa-se o past perfect.
Ex. This is a nice place. I’ve never been here before. (Este lugar é bonito. Nunca tinha estado cá antes.)
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3. Resumos Inglês
2.4. Present Perfect
Affirmative Negative
sujeito + have/has +verbo no particípio passado) sujeito + haven’t/hasn’t + verbo no particípio passado)
I have finished. I haven’t finished.
You have finished. You haven’t finished.
He/she/it has finished. He/she/it hasn’t finished.
We have finished. We haven’t finished.
You have finished. You haven’t finished.
They have finished. They haven’t finished.
Interrogative Short answers
have/has + sujeito + verbo no particípio passado yes/no + sujeito + have/haven’t/has/hasn’t
Have I finished? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
Have you finished? Yes, you have. / No, you haven’t.
Has he/she/it finished? Yes, he/she/it has. / No, he/she/it hasn’t.
Have we finished? Yes, we have. / No, we haven’t.
Have you finished? Yes, you have. / No, you haven’t.
Have they finished? Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.
Alguns verbos são irregulares (tabela na ultima pagina)
Uso
 Acção que se iniciou no passado e continua no momento em que se fala.
Expressões temporais
 Already
 Yet
2.5. Future with will and going to
Will
Affirmative Negative
sujeito + will + verbo sujeito + won’t + verbo
I/You will win. I/You won’t win.
He/She/It will win. He/She/It won’t win.
We/You/They will win. We/You/They won’t win.
Questions Short Answers
Will + sujeito + verbo Yes/No + sujeito + will/won’t
Will I/you win? Yes, I/you will. No, I/you won’t.
Will he/she/it win? Yes, he/she/it will. No, he/she/it won’t.
Will we/you/they win? Yes, we/you/they will. No, we/you/they won’t.
Going To
Affirmative Negative
sujeito. + verbo to be + going to + verbo sujeito + verbo to be negative + going to + verbo
I am going to win. I am not going to win.
You’re going to win. You aren’t going to win.
He/She/It is going to win. He/She/It isn’t going to win.
We/You/They are going to win. We/You/They aren’t going to win.
Questions Short Answers
verbo to be + sujeito + going to + verbo Yes/No + sujeito + verbo to be
Am I going to win? Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
Are you going to win? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t
Is he/she/it going to win? Yes, he/she/it is. No, he/she/it isn’t.
Are you/we/they going to win? Yes, we/you/they are. No, we/you/they aren’t.
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4. Resumos Inglês
Uso:
 Usamos will para fazer previsões para o futuro
 Usamos will para falarmos de uma decisão tomada no momento em que falamos.
 Usamos will para fazer promessas e oferecer ajuda.
 Usamos going to para falar de um plano ou intenção para o futuro.
 Usamos going to para fazer uma previsão baseada em informação que temos no momento
2.6. If Clauses
Zero Conditional verdades inquestionáveis
if + present simple  present simple
First Conditional acontecimento futuro provável
if + present simple  will/won’t + infinitivo
Second Conditional situações imaginarias
if + past simple  would/wouldn’t + infinitivo
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5. Resumos Inglês
Past Past Past Past
Verbo Tradução Verbo Tradução
Simple Participle Simple Participle
be was/were been ser, estar forbid forbade forbidden proibir
become became become tornar-se forget forgot forgotten esquecer (se)
begin began begun começar forgive forgave forgiven perdoar
bite bit bitten morder freeze froze frozen gelar
break broke broken quebrar get got got/gotten obter
bring brought brought trazer give gave given dar, conceder
build built built construir go went gone ir
burn burnt burnt queimar grow grew grown crescer, cultivar
buy bought bought comprar do did done fazer, executar, efetuar
cast cast cast atirar draw drew drawn desenhar, puxar, arrastar
catch caught caught apanhar drink drank drunk beber, embriagar-se
choose chose chosen escolher drive drove driven guiar, impelir
come came come vir eat ate eaten comer
cost cost cost custar fall fell fallen cair
creep crept crept rastejar feed fed fed alimentar
cut cut cut cortar feel felt felt sentir
deal dealt dealt negociar fight fought fought lutar, combater
dig dug dug cavar find found found achar, encontrar
do did done fazer flee fled fled fugir de, escapar
draw drew drawn desenhar fling flung flung arremessar (se), lanchar
drink drank drunk beber fly flew flown voar
drive drove driven guiar forbid forbade forbidden proibir
eat ate eaten comer forget forgot forgotten esquecer (se)
fall fell fallen cair forgive forgave forgiven perdoar
feed fed fed alimentar freeze alfroze frozen gelar, congelar
feel felt felt sentir get got got/gotten obter
fight fought fought lutar give gave given dar, conceder
find found found encontrar go went gone ir
flee fled fled escapar grow grew grown crescer, cultivar
fly flew flown voar
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