The document provides an overview of the human respiratory system, detailing its essential functions such as gas exchange and the anatomical structures involved, including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and alveoli. It outlines the processes of inspiration and expiration, as well as common malfunctions such as asthma, bronchitis, and lung cancer. Additionally, it describes four respiration processes: breathing, external respiration, internal respiration, and cellular respiration.

1. Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
PowerPoint®
Lecture Slide Presentation by Robert J. Sullivan, Marist
College
EXCHANGE OF GASES

2. What is Human Respiration?
■The human respiratory system allows one
to obtain oxygen, eliminate carbon
dioxide.
■Breathing consists of two phases,
inspiration and expiration
■Inspiration- the process of taking in air
■Expiration- the process of blowing out
air

3. Human Respiratory System
Figure 10.1

4. Organs in the Respiratory System
STRUCTURE FUNCTION
nose / nasal cavity
warms, moistens, & filters air as it is
inhaled
pharynx (throat) passageway for air, leads to trachea
larynx
the voice box, where vocal chords are
located
trachea (windpipe)
keeps the windpipe "open"
trachea is lined with fine hairs called
cilia which filter air before it reaches the
lungs
bronchi
two branches at the end of the trachea,
each lead to a lung
bronchioles
a network of smaller branches leading from
the bronchi into the lung tissue &
ultimately to air sacs
alveoli
the functional respiratory units in the lung
where gases are exchanged

5. Components of the Upper
Respiratory Tract
Figure 10.2

6. ■Passageway for respiration
■Receptors for smell
■Filters incoming air to filter larger foreign
material
■Moistens and warms incoming air
■Resonating chambers for voice
Upper Respiratory Tract
Functions

7. Components of the Lower
Respiratory Tract
Figure 10.3

8. ■Functions:
■Larynx: maintains an open airway, routes
food and air appropriately, assists in sound
production
■Trachea: transports air to and from lungs
■Bronchi: branch into lungs
■Lungs: transport air to alveoli for gas
exchange
Lower Respiratory Tract

9. Gas Exchange Between the
Blood and Alveoli
Figure 10.8A

10. Respiratory Cycle
Figure 10.9

11. Measurement of Lung Capacity
Figure 10.10A

12. Malfunctions & Diseases of the Respiratory System
asthma
severe allergic reaction
characterized by the
constriction of bronchioles
bronchitis
inflammation of the lining of
the bronchioles
emphysema
condition in which the alveoli
deteriorate, causing the lungs
to lose their elasticity
pneumonia
condition in which the alveoli
become filled with fluid,
preventing the exchange of
gases
lung cancer
irregular & uncontrolled
growth of tumors in the lung
tissue

13. ■Breathing (ventilation): air in to and out
of lungs
■External respiration: gas exchange
between air and blood
■Internal respiration: gas exchange
between blood and tissues
■Cellular respiration: oxygen use to
produce ATP, carbon dioxide as waste
Four Respiration Processes

14. Use the following website to further explore and understand
the respiratory system:
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/respiratorysyst
em/menu/menu.html