Renewable Energy
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Renewable energy is generated from natural resources like sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat that are constantly replenished. Non-renewable energy comes from finite resources like fossil fuels that will run out over time. The document defines renewable energy as coming from natural sources that replenish, such as the sun, wind, water, and heat below the Earth's surface. Non-renewable resources are those that do not replenish, such as coal, oil, and natural gas.
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Renewable energy resources include solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, and biomass. They derive energy from ongoing natural processes like sunlight, wind, and plant growth. Examples are solar panels that convert sunlight to electricity, wind turbines that use wind to generate power, and hydropower dams that harness the kinetic energy of moving water. Renewable resources have benefits like reducing emissions, improving public health, and providing stable long-term energy supplies.
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Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal can be replenished and do not cause pollution. Solar cells convert sunlight to electricity but are currently expensive and only efficient at converting 25% of sunlight. Wind turbines use wind kinetic energy to generate electricity but require many turbines to have a large impact. Hydroelectric dams provide reliable power but can flood habitats. Geothermal energy captures underground heat to power generators. Fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas are non-renewable and produce greenhouse gases and other pollution when burned. Nuclear power produces no emissions but creates radioactive waste that remains dangerous for thousands of years.
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This document discusses various sustainable energy sources including solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, geothermal, and tidal energy. It defines sustainable energy as renewable sources such as sunlight, wind, and geothermal heat that replenish naturally. Some key points made include:
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Renewable energy comes from natural sources like sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat that are replenished naturally and sustainably. Some renewable energy sources are solar, wind, hydropower, biomass, and geothermal. Biomass energy can be produced from burning organic matter, decomposition, or fermentation of crops. Wind power harnesses the kinetic energy of wind using wind turbines. Water power captures the kinetic energy of moving water. Geothermal energy taps into the natural heat of the earth. Solar panels use sunlight to heat water.
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Energy consumption, especially from burning fossil fuels, is a major contributor to our large ecological footprint and has increased our impact on the environment significantly over the past decades. Fossil fuels are also a non-renewable resource and cause problems like global warming, acid rain, and health issues. To reduce our footprint, the document recommends adopting alternative energy sources like solar energy through solar panels and lights, which are better for the environment.
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5th - Block 5 - the sun a source of heat and light
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Photosynthesis can be limited by several factors including light intensity, temperature, and carbon dioxide levels. As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis also increases until it reaches a maximum level where another factor becomes limiting. Anything in short supply that is needed for photosynthesis, such as light, heat, or carbon dioxide, can act as a limiting factor to slow the rate of photosynthesis.
The Variety Of Life Continued
There are different types of haemoglobin that take up and release oxygen under different conditions. Haemoglobin with high affinity takes up oxygen easily but releases less readily, while low affinity haemoglobin is not as easy to take up oxygen but releases it more readily. The affinity is correlated to environmental factors like oxygen levels and the organism's metabolic rate. Differences in affinity are caused by variations in the amino acid sequence, which change the shape of haemoglobin. Carbon dioxide reduces the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen through the Bohr effect, making it release oxygen more readily in tissues with high carbon dioxide levels like respiring muscles.
Cell Images
This document discusses how cells allow for the movement of substances and how understanding cells helps explain biological functions. It lists different biological materials like red blood cells, human hair, leaf stomata, pollen, and skin as examples of substances that move or are moved via cells. The list also includes non-biological items like toilet paper, matches, cotton, and diamonds for comparison.
Diffusion
Diffusion is the spreading of particles in a solution from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration, resulting in an even distribution of particles. The rate of diffusion is affected by concentration difference, temperature, and the shape of the particles.
Osmosis – A Special Type Of Diffusion
The document describes an experiment on osmosis using potato slices in solutions with different sucrose concentrations. Potato slices placed in distilled water gained mass, those in the 1.0M sucrose solution lost mass, and those in the 0.3M solution showed no mass change, indicating osmosis. Osmosis is defined as the passive movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to higher concentration until equilibrium is reached. This movement provides support to plant cells by increasing pressure inside the cell.
Jc Aqa Adds 006 B21 2 Prs Plantcells
The document describes the key characteristics and functions of several types of specialized plant and animal cells, including palisade cells, root hair cells, guard cells, xylem cells, epidermal cells, fat cells, neurons, red blood cells, muscle cells, sperm cells, gland cells, and egg cells. Each cell type is specialized to perform a particular role through adaptations like surface area, organelle content, shape, and secretory abilities.
Nationalgrid
The lesson introduces students to the national grid and how it transmits electricity from power stations to homes. It explains that electricity is transmitted at high voltages through the national grid to reduce energy losses, since power remains constant but increasing voltage decreases current. The teacher demonstrates this by showing how a light bulb operates at 12V and 240V, noting the differences. Students are asked why mains electricity is 240V if it can be dangerous, and the lesson uses a textbook to further explain the national grid and how step-up and step-down transformers are used.
Renewable
The lesson introduces renewable energy sources including wind, water, solar, and geothermal. Students will learn how energy can be generated from these sources and the advantages and disadvantages of each. The lesson includes a demonstration of a wind turbine using a fan, lamp, and vacuum cleaner. It also discusses using heat from the Earth's core for geothermal energy and the inefficiency of current solar energy methods. A plenary discussion uses an animation to further examine renewable energy issues and efficiencies.
Paying For Electricity
The document discusses calculating energy use and costs for various household appliances. It provides examples of calculating energy transferred in kilowatt hours (kWh) for devices like a computer, heater, and television based on their power and time of use. The total energy transferred for all devices is calculated as 7.1 kWh. Additional examples calculate energy transferred for a microwave oven, heater, and hairdryer used for specific durations. The total energy transferred for these is 4.7 kWh and the cost at 8p per kWh would be 37.6p.
Pathogensfound
This document discusses pathogens and how they cause disease. It defines a pathogen as a microorganism like bacteria or viruses that can cause infectious disease. It describes how bacteria and viruses are structured and reproduces rapidly inside the body, with bacteria splitting and viruses taking over cells. It provides an example of Ignaz Semmelweis who realized that doctors transmitting pathogens from autopsies to patients was causing childbed fever and significantly reduced deaths by insisting on hand washing.
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Renewable Energy
- 2. Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources—such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat—which are naturally replenished Non-renewable energy is energy, taken from "finite resources that will eventually run out. Fossil fuels are an example of this.