1. The document analyzes the rise in demand for the drug remdesivir as a COVID-19 treatment. It suggests the demand was driven more by public perception, preferences of pharmaceutical companies, and promotion rather than scientific data.
2. Key events that promoted remdesivir usage included its emergency use authorization in the US and a statement by Dr. Fauci promoting it. This led to a surge in orders and deals by pharmaceutical companies to distribute it globally despite limited evidence of its effectiveness.
3. Questions are raised about whether remdesivir's efficacy was proven given conflicting trial results, the high price paid for it, and whether remaining stocks will be used after shortages were reported in Europe.
Now that 2012 is drawing to a close, it’s once again time to take a look back at a year that saw some big hits and misses for the biotech industry – and there were plenty of both!
Epigenetics Diagnostic Market Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast Report...Signitech
The global epigenetics diagnostic market size was valued at USD 5.5 billion in 2018 and is estimated to register a CAGR of 18.8% over the forecast period. Increasing prevalence of cancer and other chronic diseases and growing geriatric population are some of the key factors expected to drive the market.
Global monoclonal antibodies market report 2017Chlue Reseach
McAbs has high targeting ability and can directly reach the diseased cells. Now McAbs are widely used in clinical practice with the unique advantages of reducing the damage of normal cells side effects.
The market share monoclonal antibody in global biopharmaceuticals has increased from 10% in 2000 to 42% in 2016.
It is the largest and fastest growing fine industry in the modern biopharmaceutical industry.
According to Chlue Research, the total sales of 52 kinds of McAbs approved by FDA were up to 99 billion US dollars in 2016, up 15% from 2015.
Content
McAbs Market
Biosimilars
Antineoplastic drugs
Autoimmune diseases
Ophthalmic remedy
PD-1 and PD-L1 McAbs
McAbs approved by FDA
Now that 2012 is drawing to a close, it’s once again time to take a look back at a year that saw some big hits and misses for the biotech industry – and there were plenty of both!
Epigenetics Diagnostic Market Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast Report...Signitech
The global epigenetics diagnostic market size was valued at USD 5.5 billion in 2018 and is estimated to register a CAGR of 18.8% over the forecast period. Increasing prevalence of cancer and other chronic diseases and growing geriatric population are some of the key factors expected to drive the market.
Global monoclonal antibodies market report 2017Chlue Reseach
McAbs has high targeting ability and can directly reach the diseased cells. Now McAbs are widely used in clinical practice with the unique advantages of reducing the damage of normal cells side effects.
The market share monoclonal antibody in global biopharmaceuticals has increased from 10% in 2000 to 42% in 2016.
It is the largest and fastest growing fine industry in the modern biopharmaceutical industry.
According to Chlue Research, the total sales of 52 kinds of McAbs approved by FDA were up to 99 billion US dollars in 2016, up 15% from 2015.
Content
McAbs Market
Biosimilars
Antineoplastic drugs
Autoimmune diseases
Ophthalmic remedy
PD-1 and PD-L1 McAbs
McAbs approved by FDA
Global vaccine market Keyword Market PPT 2021-26 | Enhancing Huge Growth and ...IMARC Group
According to the latest report by IMARC Group the global vaccine market size reached a strong growth in 2020.One of the leading trends witnessed in the global vaccines market is the surging cases of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which has, till date, resulted in the loss of around half a million lives around the world Looking forward, the market value is projected to reach a strong growth during the forecast period (2021-2026).
Online Access to Safe and Affordable Medication: Applying human rights law to...PharmacyChecker
Online Access to Safe and Affordable Medication: Applying human rights law to cyber rule-making and Internet governance
https://www.pharmacychecker.com/
Internet users are benefiting from online access to safe and affordable medications. The pharmaceutical industry views Internet access as a threat and disruptive to its profit model because consumers are paying less than the drug companies intended for them to pay. According to the UN Human Rights Council, access to affordable medication is a human right. As the Internet community seeks to infuse the principles of international human rights law into the discourse and practice of Internet governance it should help maintain the widest possible online access to safe and affordable medication.
https://www.pharmacychecker.com/
Pediatric vaccines market, doses, immunization, cases and forecast worldwide ...Renub Research
Renub Research (http://www.renub.com/report/pediatric-vaccines-market-doses-immunization-cases-and-forecast-worldwide-analysis-86) has announced the addition of the "Pediatric Vaccines Market, Doses, Immunization, Cases and Forecast: Worldwide Analysis" report to its offering
Worldwide pediatric vaccine market has been growing rapidly over the last five years as it has doubled its market share in 2011 compared to 2005. The worldwide pediatrics vaccine market is expected to be more than US$ 23 Billion by 2015 growing with a single digit CAGR during 2012 – 2015. This incremental growth has been due to blockbuster vaccines (Prevnar7, Prevnar 13, Rotarix and Rotateq) sales in Billion of US$ which made a significant contribution.
It is predicted that Pediatric proprietary vaccines will lead the segment with little less than 60% market share by 2015.The combinations & boosters and enhanced pediatric vaccines market are expected to show stagnant growth in future due to lower margins and the mature nature of these markets. Pneumococcal, DTP and Varicella together all these three vaccines control 55% of the market share in 2011.
In number of cases Polio, Haemophiilus Influenzae Type B (HIB) and MMR cases have shown decline continuously from the year 2001 till 2011. Polio remains endemic merely in three countries and the good news is that India has not reported a single case from the past two years and on the verge of being called a polio free country.
DTP are the most utilized vaccines in the pediatric vaccines market which contributed less than 10,000 Million doses in 2011. Pediatric Hepatitis and Polio vaccines are also mostly used vaccines which consumed more than 6,000 Million doses in 2011. In case of Rotavirus vaccine although the price of Rotavirus vaccine has declined but still its present prices are expensive than other pediatric vaccines. However despite all the impediments pediatric vaccines industry is expected to remain highly active in the future, fueled by the encouragement and financing from governments and other health organizations.
Renub Research report titled "Pediatric Vaccines Market, Doses, Immunization, Cases and Forecast: Worldwide Analysis” talks about the pediatric vaccines. The report provides information on all the Nine (9) Pediatric Vaccines Market, Doses, Immunization and Number of Cases by region in the world. This report covers in detail all aspects of past, present and future scenario. This report provides market landscape and market share information of the Pediatric Combinations & Booster, Pediatric Enhanced Combination and Pediatric Proprietary Vaccines Market. The report also entails major factors driving the pediatric vaccine market and challenges of pediatric vaccine market.
PPT- Unmanned Ground Vehicle Market by Product Type, Distribution Channel, En...IMARC Group
Unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) are land robots that operate without the presence of onboard human operators. They are equipped with a set of sensors to monitor and observe the terrain, gather crucial information and then report the findings to the operators who remotely control the vehicle through teleoperation.
IIBMS ANSWER SHEETS
IIBMS MBA CASE STUDY ANSWER SHEETS -
IIBMS MBA CASE STUDY SOLUTIONS -
IIBMS EMBA CASE STUDY ANSWER SHEETS -
IIBMS EMBA CASE STUDY SOLUTIONS -
IIBMS DMS CASE STUDY ANSWER SHEETS -
IIBMS DMS CASE STUDY SOLUTIONS -
IIBMS MMS CASE STUDY ANSWER SHEETS -
IIBMS MIB CASE STUDY SOLUTIONS -
MBA IIBMS ANSWER SHEETS -
EMBA IIBMS CASE STUDY SOLUTIONS -
ACADEMIC WRITING SERVICES -
Global Study Solutions -
Dr. Aravind Banakar -
aravind.banakar@gmail.com -
www.mbacasestudyanswers.com -
9901366442 – 9902787224
Economic and sectoral impact of covid pandemicRajivRoy28
Presentation studies the Impact of COVID on Different Sectors of Indian Stock Market. Article observes significant changes in Indian Industrial Sectors in the wake of COVID 19 Pandemic.
HIV Drugs Market Competitive Research And Precise Outlook 2023 To 2030subishsam
The research firm Contrive Datum Insights has just recently added to its database a report with the heading global HIV Drugs Market .Both primary and secondary research methodologies have been utilised in order to conduct an analysis of the worldwide HIV Drugs Market . In order to provide a comprehensive comprehension of the topic at hand, it has been summed up using appropriate and accurate market insights. According to Contrive Datum Insights, this worldwide comprehensive report is broken up into several categories in order to present the data in a way that is understandable, succinct,
Global vaccine market Keyword Market PPT 2021-26 | Enhancing Huge Growth and ...IMARC Group
According to the latest report by IMARC Group the global vaccine market size reached a strong growth in 2020.One of the leading trends witnessed in the global vaccines market is the surging cases of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which has, till date, resulted in the loss of around half a million lives around the world Looking forward, the market value is projected to reach a strong growth during the forecast period (2021-2026).
Online Access to Safe and Affordable Medication: Applying human rights law to...PharmacyChecker
Online Access to Safe and Affordable Medication: Applying human rights law to cyber rule-making and Internet governance
https://www.pharmacychecker.com/
Internet users are benefiting from online access to safe and affordable medications. The pharmaceutical industry views Internet access as a threat and disruptive to its profit model because consumers are paying less than the drug companies intended for them to pay. According to the UN Human Rights Council, access to affordable medication is a human right. As the Internet community seeks to infuse the principles of international human rights law into the discourse and practice of Internet governance it should help maintain the widest possible online access to safe and affordable medication.
https://www.pharmacychecker.com/
Pediatric vaccines market, doses, immunization, cases and forecast worldwide ...Renub Research
Renub Research (http://www.renub.com/report/pediatric-vaccines-market-doses-immunization-cases-and-forecast-worldwide-analysis-86) has announced the addition of the "Pediatric Vaccines Market, Doses, Immunization, Cases and Forecast: Worldwide Analysis" report to its offering
Worldwide pediatric vaccine market has been growing rapidly over the last five years as it has doubled its market share in 2011 compared to 2005. The worldwide pediatrics vaccine market is expected to be more than US$ 23 Billion by 2015 growing with a single digit CAGR during 2012 – 2015. This incremental growth has been due to blockbuster vaccines (Prevnar7, Prevnar 13, Rotarix and Rotateq) sales in Billion of US$ which made a significant contribution.
It is predicted that Pediatric proprietary vaccines will lead the segment with little less than 60% market share by 2015.The combinations & boosters and enhanced pediatric vaccines market are expected to show stagnant growth in future due to lower margins and the mature nature of these markets. Pneumococcal, DTP and Varicella together all these three vaccines control 55% of the market share in 2011.
In number of cases Polio, Haemophiilus Influenzae Type B (HIB) and MMR cases have shown decline continuously from the year 2001 till 2011. Polio remains endemic merely in three countries and the good news is that India has not reported a single case from the past two years and on the verge of being called a polio free country.
DTP are the most utilized vaccines in the pediatric vaccines market which contributed less than 10,000 Million doses in 2011. Pediatric Hepatitis and Polio vaccines are also mostly used vaccines which consumed more than 6,000 Million doses in 2011. In case of Rotavirus vaccine although the price of Rotavirus vaccine has declined but still its present prices are expensive than other pediatric vaccines. However despite all the impediments pediatric vaccines industry is expected to remain highly active in the future, fueled by the encouragement and financing from governments and other health organizations.
Renub Research report titled "Pediatric Vaccines Market, Doses, Immunization, Cases and Forecast: Worldwide Analysis” talks about the pediatric vaccines. The report provides information on all the Nine (9) Pediatric Vaccines Market, Doses, Immunization and Number of Cases by region in the world. This report covers in detail all aspects of past, present and future scenario. This report provides market landscape and market share information of the Pediatric Combinations & Booster, Pediatric Enhanced Combination and Pediatric Proprietary Vaccines Market. The report also entails major factors driving the pediatric vaccine market and challenges of pediatric vaccine market.
PPT- Unmanned Ground Vehicle Market by Product Type, Distribution Channel, En...IMARC Group
Unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) are land robots that operate without the presence of onboard human operators. They are equipped with a set of sensors to monitor and observe the terrain, gather crucial information and then report the findings to the operators who remotely control the vehicle through teleoperation.
IIBMS ANSWER SHEETS
IIBMS MBA CASE STUDY ANSWER SHEETS -
IIBMS MBA CASE STUDY SOLUTIONS -
IIBMS EMBA CASE STUDY ANSWER SHEETS -
IIBMS EMBA CASE STUDY SOLUTIONS -
IIBMS DMS CASE STUDY ANSWER SHEETS -
IIBMS DMS CASE STUDY SOLUTIONS -
IIBMS MMS CASE STUDY ANSWER SHEETS -
IIBMS MIB CASE STUDY SOLUTIONS -
MBA IIBMS ANSWER SHEETS -
EMBA IIBMS CASE STUDY SOLUTIONS -
ACADEMIC WRITING SERVICES -
Global Study Solutions -
Dr. Aravind Banakar -
aravind.banakar@gmail.com -
www.mbacasestudyanswers.com -
9901366442 – 9902787224
Economic and sectoral impact of covid pandemicRajivRoy28
Presentation studies the Impact of COVID on Different Sectors of Indian Stock Market. Article observes significant changes in Indian Industrial Sectors in the wake of COVID 19 Pandemic.
HIV Drugs Market Competitive Research And Precise Outlook 2023 To 2030subishsam
The research firm Contrive Datum Insights has just recently added to its database a report with the heading global HIV Drugs Market .Both primary and secondary research methodologies have been utilised in order to conduct an analysis of the worldwide HIV Drugs Market . In order to provide a comprehensive comprehension of the topic at hand, it has been summed up using appropriate and accurate market insights. According to Contrive Datum Insights, this worldwide comprehensive report is broken up into several categories in order to present the data in a way that is understandable, succinct,
Amid the COVID 19 pandemic, with 10 states in the US declaring a ‘state of emergency’, foreign and international travel restrictions, FDA released a series of advisories and statements to keep the public informed of the situation. The FDA is working with U.S. government partners including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), medical product manufacturers, and international partners to control the situation surrounding the COVID 19 outbreak...
Please read below case and individually take the role of “NGOsAdvoc.pdfpallavi953613
Please read below case and individually take the role of “NGOs/Advocacy Groups” as one of the
important stakeholder.
Discuss the case, from your chosen stakeholder as “NGOs/Advocacy Groups” and perspective
analyzing the reasons for the current situation and the changes you would propose for the future,
supported with additionally researched relevant information.
Please mention your list of references and at least 400 words.
In-Depth Integrative Case 1.2
Pharmaceutical Companies, Intellectual Property,
and the Global AIDS Epidemic
In August 2003, after heavy lobbying from nongovernmental
organizations (NGOs) such as Doctors Without
Borders, the U.S. pharmaceutical industry finally dropped
its opposition to relaxation of the intellectual property
rights (IPR) provisions under World Trade Organization
(WTO) regulations to make generic, low-cost antiviral
drugs available to developing countries like South Africa
facing epidemics or other health emergencies. 1 Although
this announcement appeared to end a three-year dispute
between multinational pharmaceutical companies, governments,
and NGOs over the most appropriate and effective
response to viral pandemics in the developing world, the
specific procedures for determining what constitutes a
health emergency had yet to be worked out. Nonetheless,
the day after the agreement was announced, the government
of Brazil said it would publish a decree authorizing
imports of generic versions of patented AIDS drugs that
the country said it could no longer afford to buy from
multinational pharmaceutical companies. Although the
tentative WTO agreement would appear to allow such
production under limited circumstances, former U.S. trade
official Jon Huenemann remarked, “They’re playing with
fire. . . . The sensitivities of this are obvious and we’re
right on the edge here.”
Despite the role of developed and developing country
governments, NGOs, large pharmaceutical companies,
and their generic competitors in crafting this agreement,
it was unclear how it would be implemented and whether
action would be swift enough to stem the HIV/AIDS epidemic
ravaging South Africa and many other countries.
The AIDS Epidemic and Potential
Treatment
In 2008, after over two decades of fighting the AIDS epidemic
and raising the public awareness, HIV/AIDS still
remained one of the leading causes of death in the world,
occupying the 6th position in WHO Top 10 Causes of
Death list. 3 According to the World Health Organization
(WHO), in 2008 there were approximately 33.4 million
people living with AIDS, with 2.7 million newly infected,
and 2 millions deaths (see Table 1). Since 1980, AIDS has
killed more than 25 million people. HIV is especially
deadly because it often remains dormant in an infected person
for years without showing symptoms and is transmitted
to others often without the knowledge of either person. HIV
leads to AIDS when the virus attacks the immune system
and cripples it, making the person vulnerable to diseases. 4
Th.
http://www.indxx.com/indices.php?id=211 - Thus far in the 21st century, the rise of biologic drugs has been a major theme in the global pharmaceutical industry
FDA the Gold Standard for Medical Device SafetyEMMAIntl
A year-long investigation titled “Implant Files”, which was initiated by the ICIJ (International Consortium of Investigative Journalists) and involved 250 journalists from 36 countries, was released a few weeks ago...
These slides provide an overview of a white paper - “Connecting with Patients, Overcoming Uncertainty” white paper was produced by Envision Solutions, TNS Media Intelligence/Cymfony and law firm Seyfarth Shaw.
IN THIS SUMMARY
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has significant reach in the American economy, ranging from medicines and medical devices to items on the grocery store shelves. Since its inception in 1906, the agency has faced a variety of technical and political challenges. Looking ahead, the FDA faces many new demands that could enlarge the agency’s already expansive mandate. New responsibilities may include the cost of medicine, consumers’ pursuit of perfection through drugs, consumer lifestyles, tobacco, and counterterrorism. As the nature of public health changes over time, it is inevitable that the FDA’s scope and responsibilities will change as well. In Inside the FDA, Fran Hawthorne explains the history of the FDA, how its processes work, and what the future may hold for this government agency.
SUBSCRIBE TODAY
http://www.bizsum.com/summaries/inside-fda
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...
Rem de sivir - a classic analysis of desperate measures during desperate times
1. 1www.sganalytics.com |A classic analysis of DESperate measures during DESperate times
RemDESivir
A classic analysis of DESperate
measures during DESperate times
WHITEPAPER
www.sganalytics.com
2. 2www.sganalytics.com |A classic analysis of DESperate measures during DESperate times
Disclaimer: SG Analytics does not intend or claims to highlight any company or any
person who might be involved with the recent surge of remdesivir demand in the
global market. It would not like to be associated with any positive or negative news,
nor does it echo any sentiments made by media. The report only highlights the
analysis of public sentiments, perceptions, and reactions of the industry available in
the public domain and echoes the power of information and data that can make or
break drug sales. Millions of dollars were transacted on a drug that was not backed
by enough medical research or data. Health economics and outcomes research
(HEOR) projections, global trials, and evaluations were missing before the hype
around remdesivir was created in April 2020.
• Was the surge in demand for remdesivir, as a
COVID-19 drug, more due to market preferences,
perception, and push by few people?
• How did the chain reaction start (approval
process) that led to a surge in demand in the global
market?
• How much actual scientific data promoted this
surge?
• How was the social media perception, influencer
perception, and public opinion interpreted?
• Does data create a demand for drugs or perception
creates data? Which one is more credible?
SGA Analysis
3. 3www.sganalytics.com |A classic analysis of DESperate measures during DESperate times
Why is “Remdesivir” a classic example of
perception-driven sales in the pharma world?
The rise of remdesivir in 2020 is a classic example of
what social media sentiments, medical data (or sales
without medical data), and public perception are
capable of doing in desperate times.
When COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic,
the whole world entered a phase of chaos while trying
different drugs on mild to severe cases, including
anti-viral drugs and anti-infective drugs available for
other indications. At some point, it was a political
tussle over anti-malarial drugs, while in some cases,
drugs indicated for rheumatoid arthritis, edema
(dexamethasone) were tested without any medical
evidence against the virus.
The drug was granted emergency use authorization
(EUA) by the FDA in May 2020, which led to a surge
in its stock prices. The company was traded by
many in this time period. It also promoted a war of
collaboration among key players. Pharma companies
and CMOs across the globe were trying to collaborate
on local production of the same drug under license.
The market was gearing up for a demand that was
created based on multiple Ps. Surprisingly, the drug
still does not have full approval but that does not
matter. It is already part of the emergency protocol for
hospitalized patients across the world.
The rise in demand of “Remdesivir” will be
considered as a case study in many marketing books
as it was promoted by public, promoters, and
pharmaceutical companies at the same time. It was
prescribed for severe to very severe cases infected
by coronavirus (COVID-19 strain). The three “P” were
perception, preferences, and push that drove more
drug sales and in turn benefited few while risking the
lives of many. Companies such as Gilead changed its
sales forecasts totals for 2020 from earlier projected
USD21.8 billion to USD22.2 billion to the new
forecast of USD23 billion and USD25 billion.
5. 5www.sganalytics.com |A classic analysis of DESperate measures during DESperate times
The Perception
Public including physicians who voiced their concerns on Twitter, print media, LinkedIn, or other platforms showed
that either they were not sure about the efficacy or were quick to react once WHO claimed the trial results led to no or
limited impact of remdesivir on COVID-19 patients. Overall, they did not seem to be convinced.
Voices, Concerns, and Public Opinion Source Outreach
Gilead received the Solidarity manuscript ruling out a big impact
from remdesivir on #covid19 mortality on 28 September according
to @WHO
On 8 October, before the results became public, Gilead signed a
billion dollar deal with the EU Commission for remdesivir.
Twitter
(October 16, 2020)
455 Retweets
65 Quote Tweets
839 Likes
So, has #remdesivir shown a survival benefit? I remember
@icer_review
suggested that without a survival benefit the price should be about
$310. The drug costs $3,120 now. Am I missing something or are we
getting price-gouged (again) by @GileadSciences?
Twitter
(October 16, 2020)
71 Retweets
3 Quote Tweets
247 Likes
Pre-print of WHO SOLIDARITY RCT: Remdesivir, Hydroxychloro-
quine, Lopinavir, and Interferon in 11,266 hosp’d pts with COVID
from 405 hosps in 19 countries – no differences in mortality with any
regimen. Must wait for peer review – nonetheless disappointing.
Twitter
(October 18, 2020)
11 Retweets
1 Quote Tweet
30 Likes
“I am not terribly impressed with the study and remain “skeptical”
about using remdesivir in patients with moderate COVID-19, espe-
cially given the price”
Reuters
September 12, 2020)
Dr. Adarsh Bhimraj,
an infectious disease
specialist at the
Cleveland Clinic
The Preferences
The industries (pharma and hospital) on the other hand were just waiting to grab this opportunity. From May 2020
till August 2020, the pharma world witnessed the hottest deals and collaborations. Although everyone was under
lockdown, yet beneficiaries spread across 127 countries got access to Gilead’s remdesivir. Gilead Sciences
had signed a licensing agreement with drugmakers Mylan, Cipla, Ferozsons Laboratories, Hetero Labs, and Jubilant
Lifesciences, making it possible for all the key players to spread the reach of the drug. Hospitals modified their
facilities to accommodate more. Many included remdesivir as part of their protocol for limited use in severe to very
severe COVID-19 cases.
Industry Preferences for Remdesivir Source
Background of
Influencers
“Though a multinational, randomised placebo-controlled trial
observed reduced time to recovery from severe Covid-19 with
use of Remdesivir, another study conducted in China reported
conflicting results.
The drug shouldn’t be used in patients having hypersensitivity
to any ingredients of the formulation, patients with gross liver
enzyme and renal function abnormalities”
Deccan Chronicle
Newspaper (India),
India: July 5, 2020
K.I. Varaprasad Reddy,
(Founder, Shantha
Biotechnics)
“At this point, we are buying far more than we are using
because we are unsure about what will happen at the end of
September”
Reuters September
12, 2020
Katherine Perez, Infectious
Disease Pharmacist,
Houston Methodist, USA
“If it prevented people from dying, there would be a different
demand.”
Washington Post,
September 30, 2020
Heather Pierce, Senior
Director for Science Policy
and Regulatory Counsel,
Association of American
Medical Colleges
6. 6www.sganalytics.com |A classic analysis of DESperate measures during DESperate times
The Push
Approvals (Partial Approvals) of Remdesivir in the Corona-Hit Global Market, 2020
The US pharmaceutical market always led others and this time also, the adoption of remdesivir in the US led to a
chain reaction in other markets. Japan followed by India, the European Union, and more followed this month after
month. Ultimately, there were reports of high demand and drug shortage. One push worked for the drug, globally,
without much scientific evidence.
On October 15, 2020, Russia too approved the drug majorly influenced by the fact that the US president was treated
by remdesivir.
Decisions that impacted Source Impact on the market
Remdesivir had a “clear-cut, significant and positive effect
in diminishing the time to recovery.”
NIAID Director
Anthony Fauci
US becomes the first
market to start the usage of
Remdesivir based on a small
trial result
“To the extent possible, we want to ensure that any
American patient who needs remdesivir can get it. The
Trump Administration is doing everything in our power to
learn more about life-saving therapeutics for COVID-19 and
secure access to these options for the American people.”
Alex Azar, Department
of Health and Human
Services
(June 29, 2020)
Hospitals in the US could
directly purchase the drug
from October 1, 2020
7. 7www.sganalytics.com |A classic analysis of DESperate measures during DESperate times
The DESperation to sell in desperate times
Gilead’s pivotal Phase III clinical trials of remdesivir did
not meet its initial primary endpoint, i.e. reduction in
COVID-19 death rates. The company is still promoting
that it can make a difference by reducing the hospital
stay of patients. It has been claimed that remdesivir
could reduce the number of hospitalized days from about
15 to 11 and that was considered good enough to be
introduced as part of the regular treatment protocol. The
company’s sales team has already partnered with regional
players as well as other generic companies to distribute
in low-to-middle-income countries. This is expected to
support another sales surge between USD1 billion and
USD3 billion in 2020 alone.
Primarily driven by the National Institute of Allergy
and Infectious Diseases (NIAD) led by Dr. Anthony
Fauci and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, it was
made to believe that it is a knockout drug to counter
coronavirus (as reported by The Washington Post). The
public sentiments were not far behind. One market drove
another and the drug reached 127 countries through
various deals.
Although the world debated its efficacy, someone
made all the money. Despite issues with efficacy, the
company went ahead with its billion dollar EU deal in
October, when they were well aware of the results of the
SOLIDARITY study by September 28, 2020.
This is a classic example of desperate measures at a
desperate time and all because the global market was
desperate to get a cure from COVID-19.
Currently, the drug’s manufacturer Gilead is in denial
mode and does not accept the findings of the trial. In a
statement issued by the company, Gilead said the findings
of the study were “inconsistent” with others, and it was
“concerned” that the results have not been reviewed
properly.
Looking at the brighter side of the sales picture. The
drug is expecting another surge or new wave (just like
COVID-19) in Europe during October–November 2020
and this time even the media supports this theory.
As Covid-19 surges across Europe, remdesivir, one of
the medications shown to help treat the coronavirus,
is facing a drug shortage
(NBC News, October 17, 2020)
Source: Twitter (October 17, 2020)
8. 8www.sganalytics.com |A classic analysis of DESperate measures during DESperate times
The fluctuation in the selling price of Remdesivir
As per the CEO Daniel O’day’s official communique, the
company had planned to tag a price of USD520 per
vial for US payers and USD390 for government payers
outside the US, the latter price being designed to avoid
the need for country-by-country pricing negotiations.
However, SG Analytics observed price variations in spite
of tall claims. Grey markets in India sold the same drug
at much higher prices. The shortage of remdesivir in
Europe is pushing the market toward gray.
Region Per Treatment Cost
India INR45,000 (USD613)
USA
USD3,200 (Government hospitals pay a
discounted rate of about USD2,340)
UK GBP1,900 (USD2,449)
UAE USD2,340
Fate of Remdesivir in
COVID-19 cure
There is no conclusive evidence that the drug could
actually cure even the severest cases of COVID-19,
as all it claims is the reduction in hospital stays. Is that
enough to be made part of the treatment protocol
across 127 countries. What about the mortality rates?
Perception drives decision or otherwise, we would
not like to comment on that. Just like how no one will
ever question the origin of the deadly virus and how
it came into existence The curious case of the surge
of remdesivir will be forgotten similarly. Thousands
of dollars were traded in the share market in between
April and October, after Gilead showed promising
results. Governments overspent their treasuries in
purchasing kits and medicines. There were billions of
dollars that were traded in this pandemic, but nobody
is clear who made the money.
It may have worked on
some, but in majority it has
shown no or limited efficacy.
Patients who have spent out
of pocket or even co-paid
with insurance had borne the
price of a “Hope” with a lot
of disappointment and no
results.
9. 9www.sganalytics.com |A classic analysis of DESperate measures during DESperate times
There are some uncomfortable questions before
us that nobody will answer.
• The results of the SOLIDARITY study were out by end of September 2020 and WHO claims
that this drug had little or no effect against COVID-19. The social media picked up the
news and debated. Still, the European Union signed a deal on October 8, with an intent to
purchase the same drug and the ticket size was in billions.
• According to HHS, the US had secured >500,000 treatment courses of remdesivir in
September 2020. This has exhausted the stock of Gilead for 3 months. Will these stocks be
still used on patients in October and going forward?
• The US Government-led distribution of remdesivir will expire at the end of September.
Hospitals said they have little information on its availability after that. Will there be
shortage? Who checks on the overstock of the same in hospitals?
• Ukraine, India, Switzerland, Japan, and more countries have added remdesivir in their
treatment protocol for severe to critical patients (or restricted its use). The drugs from key
companies (deals with generic and pharma players in 127 countries) will be available soon
What happens to the surplus stock?
• The Washington Post quoted Gilead CEO Daniel O’Day who had stated in June 2020 that
the company could have charged more for remdesivir, considering that cutting hospital
stays by four days would save hospitals USD12,000 on average. But the price tag for a
course of treatment triggered outrage among congressional and state government critics
who cited a study that said the company could break even by charging less than USD1 per
vial. Although the company pledged to give 1.5 million doses for free till end of May,
majority of large deals (the EU deal was signed on October 8, US hospitals are expected to
buy from Gilead from October) happened only after the initial charity was over. It is clear
that someone made money and the world was desperate to fund and find a solution for
COVID.
• Recently, HEOR has put the cost of COVID intensive-care treatment at around USD20,000.
If the drug shortens an ICU stay by 30%, then there might be a justification for a USD5,000
price for the drug. Remdesivir may have a chance in supporting therapy to cut down the
cost of care. Decision makers and promoters of the market did not consider projections,
trends, and numbers. Clinical trials were not complete, when this entire chaos was created.
Everything happened without patience, data, and numbers.
When decisions are taken with no or little data, the impact is severe. At a time when recession
has hit major and minor markets alike, billions of dollars have been transacted in the market
with inconclusive results. Can we really afford such luxuries in future?
SG Analytics tracks clinical trials data across the US, Europe, Japan, India, South Korea,
Australia, China, and 150 registries. We help companies with HEOR studies, as well as trial
research studies, to come out with best Competitive intelligence clinical trial results. Data is
important for this industry and there is no denial in that.