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The document discusses Habermas's views on the evolution of society and the relationship between the economic system and social spheres. It argues that traditional societies had an integrated system and living environment that separated during the Reformation and industrialization as the economic system began to dominate. This caused conflicts as the imperative of the economic system penetrated societal areas, leading to dysfunction. In response, individuals protested, withdrew conservatively, or turned to religion.
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Synopsis 1
Georg Simmel's 1903 essay discusses the psychological effects of living in an urban environment. He argues that the abundance of stimuli in cities causes people to develop a "blasé" attitude as a defense mechanism to avoid exhausting themselves emotionally. Additionally, cities provide more personal freedom but also promote rational, goal-oriented relationships and a detachment from communal culture. The development of these traits shapes urban dwellers to be indifferent and materialistic.
Tour2100 w4
This document discusses the social, economic, political, and developmental implications of special events. Socially, events can encourage social interaction and strengthen community cohesion. Economically, large events can impact a country or region's economic life by increasing demand. Politically, some early events like gladiatorial games and Saturnalia had political implications. Developmentally, events can be used for redevelopment, image-building, and regeneration of communities and regions. Overall, special events can have wide-ranging implications beyond just their social context.
United We Transform, Divided We Reproduce: Towards an understanding of the po...
This is the theoretical basis for my dissertation. More here: http://kristenhackett.org/2017/07/25/united-we-transform/
Sociological imagination
The document discusses sociological imagination and its importance. Sociological imagination allows one to understand how history and individual experiences are shaped by social contexts. It requires thinking about daily life with a fresh perspective and seeing how social forces influence individual actions and outcomes. The document provides media and its role in shaping perspectives as an example of sociological imagination. It also describes how social context, values, and interactions with others shape people's actions and outcomes. Overall, sociological imagination is the ability to understand how social forces and contexts influence individuals and history.
Dynamic Anthropology
Lecture given at AUK department of Social and Behavioral Sciences - The French School - Part 2. Dynamic Anthropology, Balandier and the colonial situation
Final Gran Fury
Gran Fury used art to push political messages and exploit popular culture. All art takes a political stance, either explicitly advocating a position or implicitly by how it presents itself. The processes around art, from its creation to distribution, are historically, economically, and socially influenced rather than neutral.
The Culture of Money (@Yonsei U.)
2009년 봄학기 연세대학교 인류학과 수요콜로키움 경제인류학:
"사회경제를 위하여"(organized by 조한혜정+우석훈)
서울시대안교육센터연세대 간 동시 원격강의.
8강 권헌익 교수(에딘버러대) 강의자료
historia de la tecnología 2
La historia de la tecnología se divide en varias edades definidas por los materiales dominantes utilizados para fabricar herramientas. Durante la Edad de Piedra, los humanos desarrollaron el fuego, las herramientas de piedra y las armas para la supervivencia. La Edad de Cobre y Bronce trajo mejoras agrícolas y la fundición de metales. La Edad de Hierro permitió herramientas más resistentes. Civilizaciones como Egipto, Grecia, India, Roma y China hicieron importantes inventos e innov
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Synopsis 1
Georg Simmel's 1903 essay discusses the psychological effects of living in an urban environment. He argues that the abundance of stimuli in cities causes people to develop a "blasé" attitude as a defense mechanism to avoid exhausting themselves emotionally. Additionally, cities provide more personal freedom but also promote rational, goal-oriented relationships and a detachment from communal culture. The development of these traits shapes urban dwellers to be indifferent and materialistic.
Tour2100 w4
This document discusses the social, economic, political, and developmental implications of special events. Socially, events can encourage social interaction and strengthen community cohesion. Economically, large events can impact a country or region's economic life by increasing demand. Politically, some early events like gladiatorial games and Saturnalia had political implications. Developmentally, events can be used for redevelopment, image-building, and regeneration of communities and regions. Overall, special events can have wide-ranging implications beyond just their social context.
United We Transform, Divided We Reproduce: Towards an understanding of the po...
This is the theoretical basis for my dissertation. More here: http://kristenhackett.org/2017/07/25/united-we-transform/
Sociological imagination
The document discusses sociological imagination and its importance. Sociological imagination allows one to understand how history and individual experiences are shaped by social contexts. It requires thinking about daily life with a fresh perspective and seeing how social forces influence individual actions and outcomes. The document provides media and its role in shaping perspectives as an example of sociological imagination. It also describes how social context, values, and interactions with others shape people's actions and outcomes. Overall, sociological imagination is the ability to understand how social forces and contexts influence individuals and history.
Dynamic Anthropology
Lecture given at AUK department of Social and Behavioral Sciences - The French School - Part 2. Dynamic Anthropology, Balandier and the colonial situation
Final Gran Fury
Gran Fury used art to push political messages and exploit popular culture. All art takes a political stance, either explicitly advocating a position or implicitly by how it presents itself. The processes around art, from its creation to distribution, are historically, economically, and socially influenced rather than neutral.
The Culture of Money (@Yonsei U.)
2009년 봄학기 연세대학교 인류학과 수요콜로키움 경제인류학:
"사회경제를 위하여"(organized by 조한혜정+우석훈)
서울시대안교육센터연세대 간 동시 원격강의.
8강 권헌익 교수(에딘버러대) 강의자료
historia de la tecnología 2
La historia de la tecnología se divide en varias edades definidas por los materiales dominantes utilizados para fabricar herramientas. Durante la Edad de Piedra, los humanos desarrollaron el fuego, las herramientas de piedra y las armas para la supervivencia. La Edad de Cobre y Bronce trajo mejoras agrícolas y la fundición de metales. La Edad de Hierro permitió herramientas más resistentes. Civilizaciones como Egipto, Grecia, India, Roma y China hicieron importantes inventos e innov
Mensajes
Este documento presenta un mensaje de los Grandes Maestros sobre los últimos tiempos de la Tierra y la evacuación final de los elegidos. Explica que la Tierra será transformada cuando cambie su orientación, causando efectos climáticos extremos como inundaciones, sequías, vientos y fuego que acabarán con la vida. Los cuatro elementos de la naturaleza (Tierra, Aire, Agua y Fuego) destruirán la vida en este orden. Los elegidos serán evacuados a otros mundos antes de la purificación total del planeta por el fuego.
Historia ..[1]
Este documento resume brevemente la historia de la tecnología desde la Edad de Piedra hasta las civilizaciones antiguas. Explica que durante la Edad de Piedra, los humanos eran cazadores-recolectores que desarrollaron tecnologías para la supervivencia como el fuego y las herramientas de piedra. Luego pasaron a las Edades de Cobre y Bronce tras la Revolución Neolítica, que llevó a la agricultura y la fundición de metales. Más adelante vino la Edad de Hier
Historia de la tecnología 2
La historia de la tecnología se divide en varias edades definidas por los materiales dominantes utilizados para fabricar herramientas. Durante la Edad de Piedra, los humanos desarrollaron el fuego, las herramientas de piedra y las armas para la supervivencia. La Edad de Cobre y Bronce trajo mejoras agrícolas y la fundición de metales. La Edad de Hierro permitió herramientas más resistentes. Civilizaciones como Egipto, Grecia, India, Roma y China hicieron importantes inventos e innov
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La doctora Berrenda Fox presenta evidencia de cambios en el ADN humano. Según sus pruebas de sangre, algunas personas están desarrollando nuevas cadenas de ADN, mutando hacia una especie desconocida para la ciencia. Explica que los seres humanos estamos pasando por un proceso de activación del ADN que involucra el desarrollo de 12 hélices en lugar de las dos habituales, lo que genera cambios físicos, mentales y de conciencia. Este cambio debe completarse hacia el año 2012 y permitirá que los humanos alc
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El documento describe la estructura y función de los siete chakras principales del cuerpo humano. Explica que cada chakra tiene un número determinado de pétalos y recibe la vitalidad de otros chakras a través de los sistemas nerviosos. También describe cómo la vitalidad se distribuye a través de los chakras a diferentes órganos y sistemas del cuerpo para regular funciones como la sangre, respiración y excreción. Finalmente, indica algunas modificaciones en las personas espiritualmente evolucionadas.
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The document discusses how personalization and dynamic content are becoming increasingly important on websites. It notes that 52% of marketers see content personalization as critical and 75% of consumers like it when brands personalize their content. However, personalization can create issues for search engine optimization as dynamic URLs and content are more difficult for search engines to index than static pages. The document provides tips for SEOs to help address these personalization and SEO challenges, such as using static URLs when possible and submitting accurate sitemaps.
Succession “Losers”: What Happens to Executives Passed Over for the CEO Job?
Succession “Losers”: What Happens to Executives Passed Over for the CEO Job? Stanford GSB Corporate Governance Research Initiative
This document summarizes a study of CEO succession events among the largest 100 U.S. corporations between 2005-2015. The study analyzed executives who were passed over for the CEO role ("succession losers") and their subsequent careers. It found that 74% of passed over executives left their companies, with 30% eventually becoming CEOs elsewhere. However, companies led by succession losers saw average stock price declines of 13% over 3 years, compared to gains for companies whose CEO selections remained unchanged. The findings suggest that boards generally identify the most qualified CEO candidates, though differences between internal and external hires complicate comparisons.Economic Sociology
Economic sociology studies the social causes and effects of economic phenomena. The field emerged in the late 19th century with scholars like Weber, Durkheim, and Marx examining the impact of modernity and capitalism on society. Contemporary economic sociology, established by Granovetter in 1985, focuses on how social relationships and networks influence economic outcomes through the concept of embeddedness. It uses social network analysis to understand how social structures shape economic actions and outcomes.
General sociology
This document provides an overview of sociology and its history and key concepts. It discusses how sociology developed out of the works of early philosophers and scholars seeking to better understand society. Some of the major thinkers discussed include Comte, Marx, Durkheim, Weber, and Simmel. It also summarizes the main theoretical perspectives in sociology including functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism.
C. wright mills 1916 1962-b
C. Wright Mills emphasized how individual biographies are shaped by broader historical forces. He saw society as comprised of intersecting power structures that converged to form a "power elite" who faced little challenge. Mills believed social problems arose from contradictions within society, such as the mismatch between educational structures and goals. The sociological imagination allows us to understand both the individual and society by analyzing how macro-level forces influence human interactions and micro-level experiences.
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The document discusses several sociological theories and perspectives, including:
1) Conflict theory, which sees society as characterized by inequality and power struggles rather than consensus and stability.
2) Feminist perspectives as forms of conflict theory that view gender inequality as inherent to societies.
3) Pragmatism, which views humans as active agents who interpret and define their environments through language and reason.
4) Postmodernism challenges notions of objectivity and determinism, seeing individuals as able to navigate mass culture and constructed realities.
The three main sociological perspectives
The document outlines three main sociological perspectives: functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactionist. The functionalist perspective views society as a system of interconnected parts that maintain social equilibrium. The conflict perspective views society as groups competing for power and resources. The symbolic interactionist perspective focuses on how individuals interact in small groups and how their behavior and identities are shaped by these interactions.
Giddens 1991 chapter-1_arvanitakis
- Anthony Giddens' 1991 book "The Consequences of Modernity" argues that modernity created unprecedented discontinuities from traditional societies due to the pace, scope and nature of changes in institutions like the state and urban settlements.
- Giddens analyzes modernity's "double-edged" impacts of both opportunity and danger due to developments like industrialization, totalitarian states and industrialized war.
- He critiques classical sociological perspectives for limiting understanding of modern institutions and argues for analyzing how modernity separates and recombines time and space in ways that dynamize social relations.
C. wright mills v3 9 13
C. Wright Mills was a sociologist concerned with how larger societal forces shape individual lives and history. He believed sociology is the intersection of biography and history, where personal experiences meet broader social, economic and political contexts. Mills saw contradictions within social structures as a source of problems, and analyzed the power structures of the military, corporations and government that converged. His work provided perspectives for both understanding society on a macro level and examining human interactions on a micro level.
Week ThreeDoes Ritzers theory of MacDonaldization still apply a.docx
Week Three
Does Ritzer's theory of MacDonaldization still apply as a global theory with global consequences or is it now outdated? Please explain. (see Module 2)
Does modernization necessarily mean democratization? Please explain.
Which of the comparisons in the Foreign Affairs article on the Arab Spring and its aftermath are best compared to the examples about democratization and backlash (repressive) results in other societies do you think was most convincing? Please explain the reasons for your choice:
Italy
France
Germany
The Individual in Modern Society
Reading/Learning ResourcesModule 2: The Individual in Modern Society
In this module we present a brief history of modern society and describe how the development of the modern world has had an impact on the individual in society. We begin by discussing how society's movement from small agrarian villages to urban centers changed the way people interact within society—especially through their work roles. In our discussion we will briefly examine how Karl Marx and Max Weber defined this era, but we'll spend most of our time investigating how modern systems affect our lives today.
Most of our discussion of modern systems will focus on George Ritzer's theory of the McDonaldization of society. Ritzer proposes that the efficient, predictable, calculable, and highly controlled system for delivering fast food to customers—first and most notably exhibited in our society by McDonald's restaurants—has become a system that is now pervasive all through our lives, from our schooling to our medical care.
Introduction
Our exploration of the individual in society begins with the individual in modern times. Sociologically, modern times began in the second half of the eighteenth century. This was a significant era in the Western world (specifically, western Europe) because it marks the beginning of a social shift from an agrarian-based society to an industrial one. The era was also known for a greater focus on rapid social progress, rational thought, and institutional organization. By the beginning of the twentieth century, "modernism" became a movement that affected social order, art, literature, and other aspects of Western culture.
The changes that occurred between the late 1700s and the early 1900s defined some of the greatest changes in social thought, interaction, and roles in Western history. The impact of this era can still be felt today, with certain aspects of modern society still in existence. This module will explore some of the aspects of the modern era, how the remnants of modernism are still prevalent today, and how the individual is affected by the highly rational modern world.
Modernity: A Historical Perspective
As the eighteenth century gave way to the nineteenth century, the individual increasingly worked in industrial jobs, moving away from rural communities and into new and growing urban centers. Roles during agrarian times were very different than in industrial times. Agrarian work r ...
Sociology the sociological perspective
1. Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social behavior. It focuses on how social relationships influence people's attitudes and behaviors and how societies are established and change.
2. The document outlines the key founders and early theorists of sociology, including Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, and their major works and perspectives.
3. It also discusses the development of sociology in North America and challenges faced by early women and minority sociologists in pursuing the field.
1 sociology-100206041618-phpapp02
1. Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social behavior, focusing on how social relationships influence people and how societies are established and change.
2. The sociological perspective examines individuals within their social context, considering factors like employment, income, gender, and experiences that shape behavior.
3. Sociology analyzes social institutions, processes, concepts, and theories to understand both the emergence of globalization and unique experiences within communities.
introduction-to-philosophy-group-report.pptx
According to Jurgen Habermas, there are two types of social relationships: personal relationships based on mutual regard between individuals, and transactional relationships where individuals regard each other as a means to an end. Habermas also analyzes society as composed of three spheres: the economic market, the political state, and the lifeworld. Transactional relationships are more common in the market and state, while personal relationships define the lifeworld. Over history, societies have developed social systems and the lifeworld, with modern industrial societies seeing the lifeworld distinguished from social systems controlled by tribal leaders or monarchs. A balance must be struck between individualism and collectivism in society according to thinkers like Martin Buber.
The Evolution of Functionalism,Positivism and Sociology
Structural Functionalist Approach to Sociology
Positivism
Criticism of Emile Durkheim and Functionalists
Onset of Sociology
Social theories
This document outlines three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. Functionalism views society as a system of interconnected parts that work together in harmony. Conflict theory sees society as composed of groups competing for power and resources. Symbolic interactionism emphasizes that human behavior is influenced by meanings created through symbols and interaction. The document also discusses the key thinkers associated with each theory and some problems with each perspective.
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Mensajes
Este documento presenta un mensaje de los Grandes Maestros sobre los últimos tiempos de la Tierra y la evacuación final de los elegidos. Explica que la Tierra será transformada cuando cambie su orientación, causando efectos climáticos extremos como inundaciones, sequías, vientos y fuego que acabarán con la vida. Los cuatro elementos de la naturaleza (Tierra, Aire, Agua y Fuego) destruirán la vida en este orden. Los elegidos serán evacuados a otros mundos antes de la purificación total del planeta por el fuego.
Historia ..[1]
Este documento resume brevemente la historia de la tecnología desde la Edad de Piedra hasta las civilizaciones antiguas. Explica que durante la Edad de Piedra, los humanos eran cazadores-recolectores que desarrollaron tecnologías para la supervivencia como el fuego y las herramientas de piedra. Luego pasaron a las Edades de Cobre y Bronce tras la Revolución Neolítica, que llevó a la agricultura y la fundición de metales. Más adelante vino la Edad de Hier
Historia de la tecnología 2
La historia de la tecnología se divide en varias edades definidas por los materiales dominantes utilizados para fabricar herramientas. Durante la Edad de Piedra, los humanos desarrollaron el fuego, las herramientas de piedra y las armas para la supervivencia. La Edad de Cobre y Bronce trajo mejoras agrícolas y la fundición de metales. La Edad de Hierro permitió herramientas más resistentes. Civilizaciones como Egipto, Grecia, India, Roma y China hicieron importantes inventos e innov
Activacion adn
La doctora Berrenda Fox presenta evidencia de cambios en el ADN humano. Según sus pruebas de sangre, algunas personas están desarrollando nuevas cadenas de ADN, mutando hacia una especie desconocida para la ciencia. Explica que los seres humanos estamos pasando por un proceso de activación del ADN que involucra el desarrollo de 12 hélices en lugar de las dos habituales, lo que genera cambios físicos, mentales y de conciencia. Este cambio debe completarse hacia el año 2012 y permitirá que los humanos alc
Chakras y ilumination (1)
El documento describe la estructura y función de los siete chakras principales del cuerpo humano. Explica que cada chakra tiene un número determinado de pétalos y recibe la vitalidad de otros chakras a través de los sistemas nerviosos. También describe cómo la vitalidad se distribuye a través de los chakras a diferentes órganos y sistemas del cuerpo para regular funciones como la sangre, respiración y excreción. Finalmente, indica algunas modificaciones en las personas espiritualmente evolucionadas.
Learn BEM: CSS Naming Convention
http://inarocket.com
Learn BEM fundamentals as fast as possible. What is BEM (Block, element, modifier), BEM syntax, how it works with a real example, etc.
SEO: Getting Personal
The document discusses how personalization and dynamic content are becoming increasingly important on websites. It notes that 52% of marketers see content personalization as critical and 75% of consumers like it when brands personalize their content. However, personalization can create issues for search engine optimization as dynamic URLs and content are more difficult for search engines to index than static pages. The document provides tips for SEOs to help address these personalization and SEO challenges, such as using static URLs when possible and submitting accurate sitemaps.
Succession “Losers”: What Happens to Executives Passed Over for the CEO Job?
Succession “Losers”: What Happens to Executives Passed Over for the CEO Job? Stanford GSB Corporate Governance Research Initiative
This document summarizes a study of CEO succession events among the largest 100 U.S. corporations between 2005-2015. The study analyzed executives who were passed over for the CEO role ("succession losers") and their subsequent careers. It found that 74% of passed over executives left their companies, with 30% eventually becoming CEOs elsewhere. However, companies led by succession losers saw average stock price declines of 13% over 3 years, compared to gains for companies whose CEO selections remained unchanged. The findings suggest that boards generally identify the most qualified CEO candidates, though differences between internal and external hires complicate comparisons.Viewers also liked (8)
Succession “Losers”: What Happens to Executives Passed Over for the CEO Job?
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Economic Sociology
Economic sociology studies the social causes and effects of economic phenomena. The field emerged in the late 19th century with scholars like Weber, Durkheim, and Marx examining the impact of modernity and capitalism on society. Contemporary economic sociology, established by Granovetter in 1985, focuses on how social relationships and networks influence economic outcomes through the concept of embeddedness. It uses social network analysis to understand how social structures shape economic actions and outcomes.
General sociology
This document provides an overview of sociology and its history and key concepts. It discusses how sociology developed out of the works of early philosophers and scholars seeking to better understand society. Some of the major thinkers discussed include Comte, Marx, Durkheim, Weber, and Simmel. It also summarizes the main theoretical perspectives in sociology including functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism.
C. wright mills 1916 1962-b
C. Wright Mills emphasized how individual biographies are shaped by broader historical forces. He saw society as comprised of intersecting power structures that converged to form a "power elite" who faced little challenge. Mills believed social problems arose from contradictions within society, such as the mismatch between educational structures and goals. The sociological imagination allows us to understand both the individual and society by analyzing how macro-level forces influence human interactions and micro-level experiences.
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The document discusses several sociological theories and perspectives, including:
1) Conflict theory, which sees society as characterized by inequality and power struggles rather than consensus and stability.
2) Feminist perspectives as forms of conflict theory that view gender inequality as inherent to societies.
3) Pragmatism, which views humans as active agents who interpret and define their environments through language and reason.
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The document outlines three main sociological perspectives: functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactionist. The functionalist perspective views society as a system of interconnected parts that maintain social equilibrium. The conflict perspective views society as groups competing for power and resources. The symbolic interactionist perspective focuses on how individuals interact in small groups and how their behavior and identities are shaped by these interactions.
Giddens 1991 chapter-1_arvanitakis
- Anthony Giddens' 1991 book "The Consequences of Modernity" argues that modernity created unprecedented discontinuities from traditional societies due to the pace, scope and nature of changes in institutions like the state and urban settlements.
- Giddens analyzes modernity's "double-edged" impacts of both opportunity and danger due to developments like industrialization, totalitarian states and industrialized war.
- He critiques classical sociological perspectives for limiting understanding of modern institutions and argues for analyzing how modernity separates and recombines time and space in ways that dynamize social relations.
C. wright mills v3 9 13
C. Wright Mills was a sociologist concerned with how larger societal forces shape individual lives and history. He believed sociology is the intersection of biography and history, where personal experiences meet broader social, economic and political contexts. Mills saw contradictions within social structures as a source of problems, and analyzed the power structures of the military, corporations and government that converged. His work provided perspectives for both understanding society on a macro level and examining human interactions on a micro level.
Week ThreeDoes Ritzers theory of MacDonaldization still apply a.docx
Week Three
Does Ritzer's theory of MacDonaldization still apply as a global theory with global consequences or is it now outdated? Please explain. (see Module 2)
Does modernization necessarily mean democratization? Please explain.
Which of the comparisons in the Foreign Affairs article on the Arab Spring and its aftermath are best compared to the examples about democratization and backlash (repressive) results in other societies do you think was most convincing? Please explain the reasons for your choice:
Italy
France
Germany
The Individual in Modern Society
Reading/Learning ResourcesModule 2: The Individual in Modern Society
In this module we present a brief history of modern society and describe how the development of the modern world has had an impact on the individual in society. We begin by discussing how society's movement from small agrarian villages to urban centers changed the way people interact within society—especially through their work roles. In our discussion we will briefly examine how Karl Marx and Max Weber defined this era, but we'll spend most of our time investigating how modern systems affect our lives today.
Most of our discussion of modern systems will focus on George Ritzer's theory of the McDonaldization of society. Ritzer proposes that the efficient, predictable, calculable, and highly controlled system for delivering fast food to customers—first and most notably exhibited in our society by McDonald's restaurants—has become a system that is now pervasive all through our lives, from our schooling to our medical care.
Introduction
Our exploration of the individual in society begins with the individual in modern times. Sociologically, modern times began in the second half of the eighteenth century. This was a significant era in the Western world (specifically, western Europe) because it marks the beginning of a social shift from an agrarian-based society to an industrial one. The era was also known for a greater focus on rapid social progress, rational thought, and institutional organization. By the beginning of the twentieth century, "modernism" became a movement that affected social order, art, literature, and other aspects of Western culture.
The changes that occurred between the late 1700s and the early 1900s defined some of the greatest changes in social thought, interaction, and roles in Western history. The impact of this era can still be felt today, with certain aspects of modern society still in existence. This module will explore some of the aspects of the modern era, how the remnants of modernism are still prevalent today, and how the individual is affected by the highly rational modern world.
Modernity: A Historical Perspective
As the eighteenth century gave way to the nineteenth century, the individual increasingly worked in industrial jobs, moving away from rural communities and into new and growing urban centers. Roles during agrarian times were very different than in industrial times. Agrarian work r ...
Sociology the sociological perspective
1. Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social behavior. It focuses on how social relationships influence people's attitudes and behaviors and how societies are established and change.
2. The document outlines the key founders and early theorists of sociology, including Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, and their major works and perspectives.
3. It also discusses the development of sociology in North America and challenges faced by early women and minority sociologists in pursuing the field.
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1. Sociology is the scientific study of human society and social behavior, focusing on how social relationships influence people and how societies are established and change.
2. The sociological perspective examines individuals within their social context, considering factors like employment, income, gender, and experiences that shape behavior.
3. Sociology analyzes social institutions, processes, concepts, and theories to understand both the emergence of globalization and unique experiences within communities.
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According to Jurgen Habermas, there are two types of social relationships: personal relationships based on mutual regard between individuals, and transactional relationships where individuals regard each other as a means to an end. Habermas also analyzes society as composed of three spheres: the economic market, the political state, and the lifeworld. Transactional relationships are more common in the market and state, while personal relationships define the lifeworld. Over history, societies have developed social systems and the lifeworld, with modern industrial societies seeing the lifeworld distinguished from social systems controlled by tribal leaders or monarchs. A balance must be struck between individualism and collectivism in society according to thinkers like Martin Buber.
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Structural Functionalist Approach to Sociology
Positivism
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Onset of Sociology
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Referatutopias
- 1. The dominance of the economic System in the information society
- 2. Communikative Reality Goals - To criticise and describe the Reality - criticises the instrumental rationality → communicative rationality To communicate is to act → strategic and informal acting is non social Habermas,T.k.H. Page 30
- 4. → non deniable – cannot be problematic but can break down → is assured because of a social apriori → not transcendendable, infinite context T.k.H., page 533
- 5. the process of social and cultural evolution
- 6. Social and cultural evolution Society develops into System (materialistic, spectator) and living environment (symbolic, participant) !!! these two interact in functional context !!! T.k.H., page 533
- 7. 3 Steps in the evolution of society ● traditional society (System and living environment are still „one“) ● Reformation to industrialisation (power relation s, money... start to dominate the society (colonisation starts) ● Conflicts come through → e.g. imperative of the economic system interpenetrates societal areas → disfunction appears Habermas, d.neue U., page 189
- 8. Decoupling and it`s consequences Individual reacts with ● Protest ● Konservative withdrawl ● Religious orientation http://zfs-online.ub.uni- bielefeld.de/index.php/zfs/article/viewFile/2868/2405
- 9. Examples ● Social business ● Social media marketing ● „word of mouth“ ● efficiency ● Advertisment on the internet (measured by clicks)
- 10. Bibliography Habermas, Jürgen, Theorie kommunikativen Handelns Habermas, Jürgen, Die neue Unübersichtlichkeit http://zfs-online.ub.uni-bielefeld.de/index.php/zfs/article/viewFile/2868/2405 (Sacci, Politische Aktivierung und Protest in Industrieländern, Uni Bielefeld)