Recession.pptx
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A recession is defined as two consecutive quarters of declining GDP growth and is usually preceded by slowing economic growth. It is caused by a reduction in global market demand. Key indicators of a recession include decreased consumer spending, lower factory production, rising unemployment, and a weak stock market. Common causes are currency crises, energy crises, war, underconsumption, overproduction, and higher fuel prices. Major sectors affected are IT/BPO, banking, real estate, aviation, textiles, and automobiles. For the IT sector specifically, recessions lead to job losses and unemployment.
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The document discusses recessions, including defining a recession as two consecutive quarters of declining GDP according to the National Bureau of Economic Research. Major causes of recessions include reduced consumer spending from lost confidence, which decreases demand and leads to decreased production and layoffs. The document also examines specific historical recessions like the Great Depression and oil crises, sectors most affected like automotive and banking, strategies for recovering from recessions through fiscal and monetary policy changes, and why India was less impacted by the late 2000s recession due to factors like savings rates and public sector banks.
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Recession ppt by shoshith
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3) Shifts in aggregate demand, caused by factors like fiscal policy changes, monetary policy changes, or external economic events, impact the overall level of output in an economy.
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1) Aggregate demand is the total demand for final goods and services in an economy. It is made up of consumption, investment, government spending, exports minus imports.
2) Changes in aggregate demand are key to understanding fluctuations in economic activity like recessions and recoveries. A rise in aggregate demand leads to economic expansion while a fall causes contraction.
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A recession is defined as a period of declining economic activity, measured by a country's gross domestic product, for at least two consecutive quarters. Common causes of recessions include currency crises, energy crises, underconsumption, overproduction, and financial crises. The impacts of a recession include decreased production, rising unemployment, and an unhealthy stock market. Governments can help stimulate the economy to recover from a recession through fiscal policies like tax cuts and increased spending, and monetary policies enacted by central banks including lowering interest rates and increasing the money supply.
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Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization (Six Thinking Hat Technique)
Six Thinking Hats is a system which describes a tool for group discussion and individual thinking involving six colored hats. "Six Thinking Hats" and the associated idea parallel thinking provide a means for groups to plan thinking processes in a detailed and cohesive way, and in doing so to think together more effectively.
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State of the construction industry (2006 2007)
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2. A recession is defined as at least six months of falling output across the economy. It can cause rising unemployment, falling business profits, and declining tax revenues.
3. Estimating the output gap, which is the difference between actual GDP and potential GDP, is difficult but important for understanding inflationary pressures and spare capacity in the economy. A negative output gap indicates unused resources while a positive gap risks inflation.
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The document summarizes the economic situation in India before and after the 1991 economic reforms. Before 1991, India followed socialist policies and imposed licenses and restrictions on private investment and imports. This led to high inflation, currency volatility, and increasing debt. The 1991 reforms introduced liberalization, privatization, and globalization policies. This included industrial deregulation, trade liberalization, and foreign investment reforms. After 1991, India's economy grew rapidly, with GDP quadrupling, foreign exchange reserves surging, and exports increasing substantially. However, the reforms also led to rising inequality, unemployment, and poverty remained an issue.
Aggregate demand
1) Aggregate demand is the total demand for goods and services in an economy, including household spending, investment spending, government spending, exports and imports.
2) A rise in the price level causes aggregate demand to contract as real incomes fall, exports become less competitive, and interest rates may rise.
3) Shifts in aggregate demand, caused by factors like fiscal policy changes, monetary policy changes, or external economic events, impact the overall level of output in an economy.
Aggregate demand
1) Aggregate demand is the total demand for final goods and services in an economy. It is made up of consumption, investment, government spending, exports minus imports.
2) Changes in aggregate demand are key to understanding fluctuations in economic activity like recessions and recoveries. A rise in aggregate demand leads to economic expansion while a fall causes contraction.
3) Shifts in aggregate demand are caused by changes in factors like fiscal policy, monetary policy, business and consumer confidence, and external economic conditions. A leftward shift reduces output while a rightward shift increases it.
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留信网认证的作用:
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
在线办理(UCM毕业证书)加州大学美熹德分校毕业证文凭证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UCM毕业证书)加州大学美熹德分校毕业证文凭证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
一比一原版(Sheffield毕业证书)谢菲尔德大学毕业证如何办理
学校原件一模一样【微信：6496090 】【(Sheffield毕业证书)谢菲尔德大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：6496090 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微6496090
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微6496090】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微6496090】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(Sheffield毕业证书)谢菲尔德大学毕业证【微信：6496090 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(Sheffield毕业证书)谢菲尔德大学毕业证【微信：6496090 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(Sheffield毕业证书)谢菲尔德大学毕业证【微信：6496090 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(Sheffield毕业证书)谢菲尔德大学毕业证【微信：6496090 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
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Recession.pptx
- 2. RECESSION-MEANING • A RECESSION is a decline in a country’s gross domestic product(GDP) growth for two or more consecutive quarters of a year. • A RECESSION is also preceded by several quarters of slowing down. • RECESSION is the results of reduction in the demand of products in the global markets.
- 3. How to know Recession Indicators to say when nation is in Recession: • People buying less products. • Decrease in factory production. • Growing Unemployment. • An unhealthy stock Market
- 4. CAUSES OF RECESSION • Currency Crisis • Energy Crisis • War • Under Consumption • Overproduction • Prices of Fuel
- 5. Major sector affected by Recession • IT and BPO • Banking • Real State • Aviation • Textile • Automobile
- 6. Impact of Recession on IT sector • The impact of Recession is unpredictable. The main effect of Recession Is in IT sector and its mainly related to: 1. Jobless 2.Unemployment