The document explains how GTP binding and hydrolysis activate and deactivate Ras and other G-proteins. It includes illustrations showing how amino acid substitutions affect protein structure and function, discussing amino acid properties and their localization. Additionally, it defines major protein families, their genetic duplication processes, evolution, and associated functional constraints.

1. RAS Structure and Function - Briefiy eloborote on how GTP binding ond hydrolysis allows ras,
as well os other G-proteins, to be activoted/deoctivoted. - Illustrote, with o drowing, how omino
a cid substitutions in a protein offect its structure/function: (El aborote on amino ocid
properties/locotion of omino ocids within proteins) - Define mojor/comman protein fomilies, as
well as theirgenetic duplicotion process, evolution, and some functional constroints associoted
with them