The document provides a comprehensive overview of India, highlighting its rich history, cultural diversity, and significant achievements in various sectors such as economy, technology, and healthcare. It discusses the country's unique demographics, advancements in industries, and references historical milestones in science and education. Additionally, it emphasizes India's contributions to global knowledge and development, while showcasing its vibrant festivals and cultural heritage.

1. Our Friendship is Like Love with Wings Around GROUP STUDY EXCHANGE PROGRAM GSE 3250 Presentation in Central South England Sept. – Oct. ‘09 --NAMASTE--

2. Welcome To The Land of Festivals

3. Navaratri Baisakhi Ganesh Chaturthi Id–ul-Fitr Christmas Diwali Holi

4. 5,000 year old ancient civilization 325 languages spoken – 1,652 dialects 18 official languages 29 states, 5 union territories 3,287,240 Sq km - Area 7,516 kilometers - Coastline 1.3 Billion population. 5600 dailies, 15000 weeklies and 20000 periodicals in 21 languages with a combined circulation of 142 million. GDP $576 Billion. (GDP rate 8%) Parliamentary form of Government Worlds largest democracy. Worlds 4th largest economy. World-class recognition in IT, bio-technology and space. Largest English speaking nation in the world. 3 rd largest standing army force, over 1.5Million strong. 2 nd largest pool of scientists and engineers in the World. India at a Glance

5. Our GEM National Game- Hockey We Love - Cricket The Ashoka pillars were crowned with the statue of one or more lions sitting on top of a pedestal which was inscribed with symbols of wheels. National Flower

6. India has the largest movie industry in the world, producing over 800 movies a year.

7. GDP of INDIA The latest snapshots of the India GDP are as below -The foreign direct investment in the India market amounted to US$12.5 billion and surpassed portfolio investment of US$ 6.8 billion Foreign trade and merchandise exports expected to cross US$125 billion by the end of the current fiscal Provision for national highway development programme to be increased to Rs.9, 945 crore Farm credit target of Rs.225, 000 crore for 2007-08 has been set with an addition of 50 lakh new farmers to the banking system 35 projects have been completed in 2006-07 and additional irrigation potential of 900,000 hectares to be created and training of farmers arranged A pilot programme for delivering subsidy directly to farmers have been arranged Loan facilitation through Agricultural Insurance and NABARD has also been facilitated Central Public Sector Enterprises to invest Rs.165, 053 crore in 2007-08 162 new production sharing contracts awarded to Petroleum and Natural Gas sector SMEs has witnessed increase in outstanding credit Bank's differential rate of interest scheme providing finance at the rate of 4% to weaker sections Regional rural banks to open at least one branch in 80 uncovered districts in 2007-08 PAN made sole identification number for all participants of capital market Seven ultra mega power projects are under process Defense expenditure allocation to increased to Rs.96, 000 crore IT allocation for e-governance to increased from Rs.395 crore to Rs.719 crore Exclusive health insurance scheme for senior citizens Corpus of Rural Infrastructure Development Fund raised substantially Provision for tourist infrastructure increased to Rs.423 crore

8. Bharat Forge has the world's largest single-location forging facility, its clients include Honda, Toyota and Volvo amongst others. Hero Honda with 1.7M motorcycles a year is now the largest motorcycle manufacturer in the world. India is the 2nd largest tractor manufacturer in the world. India is the 5th largest commercial vehicle manufacturer in the world. Ford has just presented its Gold World Excellence Award to India's Cooper Tyres. Tata Motors is India's largest automobile company, with revenues of US$ 8.8 billion in 2007-08. Tata Motors has operations in the UK, South Korea, Thailand and Spain, besides India. Among them are Jaguar Land Rover. Hyundai India is set to become the global small car hub for the Korean giant and will produce 25k Santros to start with. By 2010 it is set to supply half a million cars to Hyundai Korea. HMI and Ford. The prestigious UK automaker, MG Rover is marketing 100,000 Indica cars made by Tata in Europe, under its own name. Aston Martin contracted prototyping its latest luxury sports car, AM V8 Vantage, to an Indian-based designer and is set to produce the cheapest Aston Martin ever.

9. India: Technology Superpower Geneva-based STMicroelectronics is one of the largest semiconductor companies to develop integrated circuits and software in India. Texas Instruments was the first to open operations in Bangalore, followed by Motorola , Intel , Cadence Design Systems and several others. 80 of the World’s 117 SEI CMM Level-5 companies are based in India. 5 Indian companies recently received the globally acclaimed Deming prize . This prize is given to an organization for rigorous total quality management (TQM) practices. The Indian healthcare sector is booming and has emerged as one of the largest service sectors in India. It is growing further with a fast pace. Healthcare spending in India is expected to rise by 12% per annum . An estimate suggests that by 2012 healthcare spending could contribute 8% of GDP and employ around 9 million people. Rising incomes and growing literacy are likely to drive higher per capita expenditure on healthcare. 15 of the world's major Automobile makers are obtaining components from Indian companies. This business fetched India $1.5 Billion in 2003, and will reach $15 Billion by 2007. New emerging industries areas include, Bio-Informatics , Bio-Technology , Genomics , Clinical Research and Trials. World-renowned TQM expert Yasutoshi Washio predicts that Indian manufacturing quality will overtake that of Japan in 2013. Flextronics, the $14 billion global major in Electronic Manufacturing Services, has announced that it will make India a global competence centre for telecom software development.

10. India: R&D Labs R&D Centre Highlights R&D Centre, Bangalore Established in 1984. The centre started with just 20 people, now has 900 people working on VLSI and embedded software, which goes along with a chip or into the chip. India Development Centre, Bangalore, Hyderabad. The Bangalore centre was established in 1994; the Hyderabad one in 1999. Oracle’s largest development centre outside the US currently has 6,000 staff. Does work on Oracle's database products, applications, business intelligence products and application development tools, besides other activities. India Engineering Centre, Bangalore Established in mid-1999 with 20 people, has scaled up to 500 people today. Does work mainly on Sun's software which includes Solaris and Sun One. R&D Centre, Bangalore and Mumbai. Established in 1988 with 20 people, has scaled up to 1,000 today. Drives nearly 60 percent of the company’s global development delivery. Software Lab, Bangalore, Pune. Established in 2001. Works on all IBM software like WebSphere, DB2, Lotus, Tivoli and Rational. The centre has added many new areas of activities such as middleware and business intelligence. Labs India, Bangalore. Established in November 1998 with 100 people, the Lab swill be scaled up to 1500 by the end of 2004. That will double 3000 staff by middle of 2006. It is the largest single-location R&D lab for SAP outside Walldorf, Germany. Nearly 10 percent of SAP's total R&D work is carried out from the Indian lab. Innovation Campus, Bangalore. Established in 1996 with 10 people, has scaled up to 895 people today, and will be further scaled up to 1,000 before the end of 2003. Works on developing software for Philips products. Almost all Philips products that use software have some contribution from this centre. It is the largest software centre for Philips outside Holland. Bangalore. Established in 2002 with just two people, has scaled up to 20 specialists today. Plans exist to double its headcount by the beginning of 2004. Is totally dedicated to high-level research on futuristic technologies, with special focus on emerging markets.

11. India: BPO The domestic BPO sector is projected to increase to $4 billion in 2004 and reach $65 billion by 2010. (McKinsey & Co.). The outsourcing includes a wide range of services including design, architecture, management, legal services, accounting and drug development and the Indian BPOs are moving up in the value chain. There are about 200 call centers in India with a turnover of $2 billion and a workforce of 150,000. 100 of the Fortune 500 are now present in India compared to 33 in China. Cummins of USA uses its R&D Centre in Pune to develop the sophisticated computer models needed to design upgrades and prototypes electronically and introduce 5 or 6 new engine models a year. Business Week of 8th December 2003 has said "Quietly but with breathtaking speed, India and its millions of world-class engineering, business and medical graduates are becoming enmeshed in America's New Economy in ways most of us barely imagine".

12. William H. Gates, Chairman and Chief Software Architect Microsoft Corporation (b-1955): “… after the Chinese, South Indians are the smartest people in the world.”

14. Sounds of India

15. Fashion and Miss World Year Miss World Miss India 2008 Parvathy Omanakuttan 2007 Pooja Chitgopekar 2006 Amruta Patki(ME) 2003 Ami Vashi Shonal Rawat 2002 Tina Chhatwal(AP)Shruti Sharma 2001 Celina Jaitley(MU) Sara Corner 2000 Priyanka Chopra Priyanka Chopra 1999 Yukta Mookhey Yukta Mookhey 1998 Annie Thomas 1997 Daina Hayden 1996 Rani Joan Jeyraj 1995 Preeti Mankotia 1994 Aishwariya Rai Aishwariya Rai

17. Hinduism Jainism Buddhism Religions of India Sikhism Islam Christianity

18. A. R. Rahman OSCAR AWARDEE 2009 Composed music with Dany Boyle for “Slumdog Millionaire ”

19. Science of Yoga “… The science of yoga was born in an age when mankind as a whole was more enlightened, and could easily grasp truths for which our most advanced thinkers are still grasping.” The science of yoga meditation had been taught by the ancient, sages, gurus, yogis, through oral tradition for thousands of years, they were finally put to Sanskrit by Patanjali in 500 b.c. “… It is because the groping for these truths has begun again that great yogis have reintroduced this ancient science to humanity at large.” Pre-eminent among them, even today, are the sages of the Himalayas. Today, the word yoga is much used and much misunderstood these days, reduced from its knowledge on the control of the conscious to that of the control of the body.

20. A Civilized Past

21. Indus valley Civilization 1000 BC The Vedic period : Vedic Civilization 500 BC 200 BC Rise of Religion: Buddhism & Jainism Establishment of Mauryan Empire A D 300 AD 500 AD 1000 AD 1600 AD 2000 AD The Gupta Age, The Golden Age of India The Muslim Invasion The Age of Smaller Kingdom : North/ South Coming of the Europeans Independence of India 1947 2500 BC Phases in Indian History

22. Growth of Religions & Emergence of the State The sixth century BC was a time of social and intellectual ferment in India. The two great religions, Jainism and Buddhism , preached non-violence to all living creatures, tolerance and self-discipline, values that have become the cornerstones of the Indian ethos. The greatest Mauryan emperor was Ashoka (286-231 BC) whose successful campaigns unified India leading to the concept of state formation.

23. India India invented the Number System. Zero was invented by Aryabhatta . The place value system, the decimal system was developed in India in 100 BC. Aryabhatta was the first to explain spherical shape, size ,diameter, rotation and correct speed of Earth in 499 AD. The World's first university was established in Takshila in 700 BC. Students from all over the World studied more than 60 subjects. The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the greatest achievements of ancient India in the field of education. Sanskrit is considered the mother of all higher languages. Sanskrit is the most precise, and therefore suitable language for computer software - a report in Forbes magazine , July 1987. Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to humans. Charaka, the father of medicine consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago. Today Ayurveda is fast regaining its rightful place in civilization. Christopher Columbus was attracted India's wealth and was looking for route to India when he discovered the American continent by mistake. The art of Navigation was born in the river Sindh 6000 years ago. The word ‘Navigation’ is derived from the Sanskrit word NAVGATIH. The word navy is also derived from Sanskrit 'Nou'. In Siddhanta Siromani (Bhuvanakosam 6) Bhaskaracharya II described about gravity of earth about 400 years before Sir Isaac Newton. He also had some clear notions on differential calculus, and the Theory of Continued Fraction.

24. Theory of Continued Fraction was discovered by Bhaskaracharya II. Indians discovered Arithmetic and Geometric progression . Arithmetic progression is explained in Yajurveda. Govindaswamin discovered Newton Gauss Interpolation formula about 1800 years before Newton. Vateswaracharya discovered Newton Gauss Backward Interpolation formula about 1000 years before Newton. Parameswaracharya discovered Lhuiler’s formula about 400 years before Lhuiler. Nilakanta discovered Newton’s Infinite Geometric Progression convergent series. Positive and Negative numbers and their calculations were explained first by Brahmagupta in his book Brahmasputa Siddhanta. Aryabhatta also propounded the Heliocentric theory of gravitation , thus predating Copernicus by almost one thousand years. Madhavacharya discovered Taylor series of Sine and Cosine function about 250 years before Taylor. Madhavacharya discovered Newton Power series. Madhavacharya discovered Gregory Leibnitz series for the Inverse Tangent about 280 years before Gregory. Madhavacharya discovered Leibnitz power series for pi about 300 years before Leibnitz. Bhaskaracharya calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the sun hundreds of years before the astronomer Smart. Time taken by earth to orbit the sun: (5th century) 365.258756484 days Infinity was well known for ancient Indians. Bhaskaracharya II in Beejaganitha(stanza-20) has given clear explanation with examples for infinity

25. Hindi Languages of India Sanskrit Tamil Gujarati Urdu Punjabi Malayalam Bengali Marathi Konkani Kannada Assamese Telegu Oriya Rajasthani Bhojpuri Maithili

26. Vedic Philosophy The Vedas are the oldest written text on our planet today. They date back to the beginning of Indian civilization and are the earliest literary records of the human mind. They have been passed through oral tradition for over 10,000 years, and first appeared in written form between 2500 - 5,000 years ago. Veda means “Knowledge” in Sanskrit.

27. The Ancient Vedic Hymns Rig Veda - Knowledge of Hymns, 10,859 verses “ There is only one truth, only men describe it in different ways.“ Yajur Veda - Knowledge of Liturgy, 3,988 verses Sama Veda - Knowledge of Classical Music, 1,549 verses Ayur Veda - Knowledge of Medicine, over 100,000 verses Upanishads Jyotisha – Astrology and Astronomy. Kalpa – Rituals and Legal matters. Siksha – Phonetics. Aitareya – Creation of the Universe, Man and Evolution. Chandogya – Reincarnation, Soul. Kaushitaki – Karma. Kena – Austerity, Work, and Restraint. Dharnur Veda – Science of Archery and War. Mundaka – Discipline, Faith and warning of Ignorance. Sulba Sutra – Knowledge of Mathematics Yoga Sutra - Knowledge of Meditation Kama Sutra - Knowledge of Love and Sex

28. Did the Vedic Aryans travel as far as Easter Island? The Easter Islands located in the Pacific Ocean, were situated far away from any civilization. The craftsmanship of these islands corresponds to the one of the ancient Incas. The sign script of the Easter Islands almost equals the ancient scripts of Indus Valley. Easter Island symbols Indus Saraswati symbols Were the Ancient Vedic civilisation of Indus Saraswati valley Trans-Oceanic seafarers?

29. Manipuri Bharata Natyam Odissi Mohini Attam Kuchipudi Kathakali Kathak 7 Classical Dance forms

30. India's ancient achievements in Medical Science Knowledge Ancient Reference Modern Reference Artificial Limb RigVed (1-116-15) 20 th Century Number of Chromosomes (23) Mahabharat (5500 BCE) 1890 A.D. Combination of Male and Female Shrimad Bhagwat 20 th Century Analysis of Ears RigVed Labyrinth Beginning of the Foetal Heart Eitereya Upanishad -(6000 BCE) Robinson, 1972 Parthenogenesis Mahabharat 20 th Century Test Tube Babies ( from the ovum only) Test Tube Babies ( from the sperm only) Mahabharat Not possible yet Not possible yet Elongation of Life in confirmed Space Travel Shrimad Bhagwat Not yet Cell Division (in 3 layers) Shrimad Bhagwat 20 th Century Embryology Eitereya Upanishad (6000 BCE) 19 th Century Micro-organisms Mahabharat 18 th Century A material producing a disease can prevent or cure the disease in minute quantity S-Bhagwat (1-5-33) Haneman, 18 th Century Developing Embyro in Vitro Mahabharat 20 th Century Life in trees and plants Mahabharat Bose, 19 th Century 16 Functions of the Brain Eitereya Upanishad 19 th – 20 th Century Definition of Sleep Prashna-Upanishad Yogsootra Cunavidhi 20 th Century Chromosomes (Mahabharat)(5500 BCE) 1860 – 1910 A.D.

31. India's ancient achievements in Physical Science Knowledge Ancient Reference Modern Reference Velocity of Light RigVed - Sayan Bhashya (1400 A.D) 19 th Century Trans-Saturnean Planets Mahabharat (5500 BC) 17-19 th Century Space Travel to another solar system Shrimad Bhagwat (4000 BC) Under trials Gravitational Force (Prashnopanishad) (6000 B.C) Shankaracharya (500 B.C) 17 th Century Ultraviolet Band Sudhumravarna - (Mundakopanishad - M.U) ---- Infra-Red Band Sulohita (M.U) ---- Tachyons faster than light Manojava (Mundakopanishad) Sudarshan, 1968 Nuclear Energy Spullingini (Mundakopanishad) 20 th Century Black Holes Vishvaruchi(Mundakopanishad) 20 th Century Embryology Eitereya Upanishad (6000 BCE) 19 th Century Monsoon at Summer Solstice RigVed (23720 B.C) ---- Entry in South America by Aeroplanes Valmiki Ramayan (7300 B.C) ---- Phosphorescent Trident at the Bay of Pisco, Peru, S.America Valmiki Ramayan (7300 B.C) 1960 A.D. Aeroplanes RigVed,Ramayana,Samarangan Sutradhara (1050 A.D.) ---- Robot Samarangan Sutradhara (1050 A.D.) ---- Atom (Divisible) & (Indivisible) Shrimad Bhagwat (4000 B.C.) 1800 A.D.

32. The Encyclopaedia Britannica says “ If there is a country on earth which can justly claim the honour of having been the cradle of the Human race or at least the scene of primitive civilization, the successive developments of which carried into all parts of the ancient world and even beyond, the blessings of knowledge which is the second life of man, that country is assuredly India.”

33. Never Seen Before

35. Mount Kailas, Himalayas “ abode of snow” – in Sanskrit

36. The Beauty of Kashmir

37. Varanasi, Ganges River

38. Western Thar Desert, Rajasthan

39. The Pink City, JAIPUR

40. “ Gods Own Country”, Kerala

41. The Gods of India

42. 1 Billion people, 1 Billion Gods Rama Ganesha Saraswati Lakshmi Nanak Buddha Christ Devi Krsna Murugan SARASWATI

43. Destroyer Shiva Preserver Vishnu Creator Brahman The Trinity

44. The Ancient Indian Epics Ramayana Mahabharata Longest Epic in world literature with 100,000 two-line stanzas, first composed about 5000 years ago. The first Indian epic consisting of 24,000 verses divided into 7 books, composed about 6500 years ago.

45. “ After many births the wise seek refuge in me, seeing me everywhere and in everything. Such great souls are very rare.” "Your very nature will drive you to fight, the only choice is what to fight against.” “ On action alone be your interest, Never on its fruits. Let not the fruits of action be your motive, Nor be thy attachment to inaction. “ “ This is how actions were done by the ancient seekers of freedom; follow their example: act, surrendering the fruits of action.” “ For certain is death for the born, and certain is birth for the dead; Therefore over the inevitable you should not grieve. “ “ For the uncontrolled there is no wisdom. For the uncontrolled there is no concentration, and for him without concentration, there is no peace. And for the unpeaceful how can there ever be happiness? “ “ When a man dwells on the objects of sense, he creates an attraction for them; attraction develops into desire, and desire breeds anger.“ The words of Lord Krsna crystallized in the Bhagavad Gita. Lord Krsna counsels Prince Arjuna during the Great Mahabharata War, in Kurukshetra, India, circa 3100 B.C.,

46. The 4 kinetic ideas behind Hindu Vedic Spirituality Karma Maya Nirvana Yoga The law of universal causality, which connects man with the cosmos and condemns him to transmigrate. The world is not simply what it seems to the human senses. Absolute reality, situated somewhere beyond the cosmic illusion woven by Maya and beyond human experience as conditioned by Karma. The state of absolute blessedness, characterized by release from the cycle of reincarnations; freedom from the pain and care of the external world; bliss. Implies integration; bringing all the faculties of the psyche under the control of the self

47. is the Sanskrit word for; Amen (Christian) Amin (Muslim) Aum (Hindu) Hūm (Bhuddist) “ AUM” or “OM” The first sound of the Almighty – Infinite Reality - Oneness with the supreme

48. The Future INDIA

49. Dr Abdul Kalam, President of India, father of India’s space, missile and satellite programme and author of “India 2020 Vision”. “ I have three visions for India.” 1. “ In 3000 years of our history people from all over the world have come and invaded us, captured our lands, conquered our minds. From Alexander onwards. The Greeks, the Turks, the Moguls, the Portuguese, the British, the French, the Dutch, all of them came and looted us, took over what was ours. Yet we have not done this to any other nation. We have not conquered anyone. We have not grabbed their land, their culture, their history and tried to enforce our way of life on them. Why? Because we respect the freedom of others. That is why my first vision is that of FREEDOM. I believe that India got its first vision of this in 1857, when we started the war of independence. It is this freedom that we must protect and nurture and build on. If we are not free, no one will respect us. “ 2. My second vision for India is DEVELOPMENT. For fifty years we have been a developing nation. It is time we see ourselves as a developed nation. We are among top 5 nations of the world in terms of GDP. We have 10% growth rate in most areas. Our poverty levels are falling. Our achievements are being globally recognized today. Yet we lack the self-confidence to see ourselves as a developed nation, self-reliant and self-assured. 3. I have a THIRD vision. India must stand up to the world. Because I believe that unless India stands up to the world, no one will respect us. Only strength respects strength. We must be strong not only as a military power but also as an economic power. Both must go hand-in-hand.”

50. NOTE: “ We can put up a group photo of ours” The Team

51. Rtn Rekha and Anil singh I am sure that the bond of friendship and fellowship created between individuals during the exchange, will make a lasting impact on the all the participants. May this GSE exchange pave ways for more interactions between the two districts.” Anil Singh District Governor Rotary District 3250

52. Rtn Tuhin Shankar Team Leader I am 41 years old and have been in Rotary for five years. I am a Lawyer primarily practicing in High Court at Patna, the State Capital of the State of Bihar. My area of practice is litigation and non-litigation side. I am presently one of the Assistant Governors in District 3250. I was the Club President of RC Patna Ashok for the year 2008-09. For me Great Britain holds a great interest as it touch is our social, political and economic life from all sides. The "law practice" in India originates from the British System. As a GSE Team leader, I am looking forward to a enriching cultural and vocational exchange in District 1110 and send you warm greetings from myself and my wife Anna. Email: [email_address]

53. Rtn Tuhin Shankar Team Leader I am a qualified engineer in computer science. I teach information technology subjects to students in the age group of 20 to 40 years. All are computer students who want to learn either preliminary computer (MS Office suite, DOS etc.) or programming languages (ASP.NET, C#, C++ etc.) or BCA and MCA students. I am interested in any activity related to software development. I am also a student of psychology and am interested in taking part in social interactions between Eastern and Western cultures. I am very keen on singing and have sung at National level. Email: [email_address]

54. Rtn Tuhin Shankar Team Leader I am heading Supply Chain for South East Asia Projects of Tata Steel. I have been part of the task forces responsible for setting up greenfield manufacturing plants in overseas locations. I was earlier associated with setting up a Ferro Chrome plant in South Africa, and now working on the project of setting up a steel plant in Vietnam. Our team interacts with the Govt. & Govt. officials in the overseas countries; finalizes the technology, plant configuration and best method to implement the project; selects partners, technology suppliers, contractors and consultants. We develop the footprint of the project which will help us in meeting our economic, social and environmental responsibilities. I got married recently. I work out to keep fit, read fiction and non-fiction books, watch movies and meditate in my free time. Email: [email_address]

55. Rtn Tuhin Shankar Team Leader I’m a journalist, working with India’s leading English news channel CNN-IBN. I’m designated as Chief of Bureau, posted in Patna (capital of eastern state of India called Bihar) & looking after twin eastern states of Bihar & Jharkhand for CNN-IBN & our other group channels namely IBN 7, CNBC TV18 & CNBC Awaaz. Though as chief, my responsibility also has managerial aspects but as a journalist, my primary job is to report. I report on everything happening under sky within my own territory, be it politics, crime, socio-economic issues, development issues, govt-malpractices, industries or education. My special area of interest has been reporting on social economic & developmental issues. Having been in this profession for last 10 years, I have almost travelled the length & breadth of the country. Email: [email_address]

56. A Billion Awaits ! Do Visit INDIA !