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The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.

Food

Organic seeds are used to grow organic crops without synthetic chemicals. The main difference between organic and conventional seeds is that organic seeds are produced without synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. Organic seed production focuses on soil fertility through organic matter and cover crops while supporting beneficial insects. It requires crops to be grown without prohibited materials for three years and annual inspection. The market for organic products is expanding due to consumer concerns about the environment and pesticide residues.

High Tech Agriculture

Asif Shaikh

This document discusses high-tech agriculture, which uses technology like hydroponics, aeroponics, and tissue culture to grow crops. It allows for year-round production of high-quality outputs in controlled environments with minimal land and water usage. Key inputs include capital for infrastructure, computers for automation, and research and development. The document outlines advantages like increased yields, disease resistance, and environmental benefits, as well as disadvantages like high costs and labor needs. Post-harvest processing is also discussed as a way to add value and avoid losses from perishable crops.

Eroded Soils

Risikesh Thakur

Deterioration causes of crop varieties and their control; Maintenance of Gene...

Bharamaraj Badiger

Vegetable Seed Production - India

Seeds

HEIA LEIA AND LEISA

ManishRajoriya1

HEIA, LEIA, and LEISA are three related approaches to sustainable agriculture. HEIA relies heavily on external inputs like fertilizers and pesticides, which can increase yields but harm the environment. LEIA uses fewer external inputs and promotes soil health, biodiversity, and environmental sustainability, though yields may be lower. LEISA builds on local resources and knowledge to reinforce ecological principles through practices like nutrient recycling and natural pest management. The presentation discussed advantages and disadvantages of each approach.

Pest risk analysis and detection and diagnosis. ppt.pptx

Dharmendrakr4

This document discusses methods for diagnosing and detecting insect pests and plant diseases. It outlines the steps in diagnosis, including defining the problem, looking for damage patterns, determining the timing of damage, and identifying the cause. Diagnosis methods distinguish between living factors like pathogens and insects and non-living factors. The document also discusses pest risk analysis which evaluates the probability and impact of pests to determine appropriate management and regulatory responses.

TRANSFORMATION TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE VIS-À-VIS AGRIBUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES Rin Rose Antony and Dr. Allan Thomas Kerala Agricultural University Agriculture is undergoing a huge transformation. In the past, agriculture was seen as a subsistence activity of farmers involving crop and livestock production. Today, agriculture has transformed as technology and market-oriented industry which extends from agricultural production to sophisticated agri-science, and agribusiness.Agricultural transformation is defined as a process that leads to higher productivity farms that are commercially oriented, which strengthens the link between farming and other sectors of the economy. The experience of the evolution of the agricultural sector over centuries tells us that the sector has evolved from being a basic food-gathering activity to an intensive production system due to population growth, increase in income, urbanization, technological revolution, and liberalization of international trade.The agricultural sector has tremendous potential for expansion of employment opportunities and consequently mitigating the levels of rural poverty. Agricultural transformation coupled with forward and backward linkages with industry is an emerging phenomenon (Chengappa, 2004). Achieving high growth is important. But, growth without inclusiveness and sustainability will not be useful. Agriculture transformation has to be viewed more holistically in terms of rural transformation and urban linkages. Hence there is a need to give a big push for Indian agriculture for transformation that helps in realizing farmers’ welfare. Credit Seminar Presentation of PG student Ms. Rin Rose Antony

Redgram SEED PRODUCTION

sriramajmera

This document discusses several topics related to growing pigeonpea including: - Pigeonpea is sensitive to photoperiod and planting time affects maturity and yield. Early varieties are less sensitive. - Natural cross-pollination occurs in 25-30% of pigeonpea flowers due to insect visits, threatening varietal purity. - Proper isolation distances of 100-200 meters must be used to maintain varietal purity in seed production fields.

Breeding methods shalu

ShaliniShukla22

Flooded Soils

Risikesh Thakur

ROSE CULTIVATION IN INDIA

HARISH J

- Roses originated in China and are widely cultivated globally for their flowers and other uses. The top rose importing countries are Germany, USA, France, Switzerland, and UK, while the main exporters are the Netherlands, Columbia, Ecuador, Kenya, Israel, and Zimbabwe. - There are over 150 rose species, with common varieties including hybrid tea roses, floribundas, grandifloras, miniature roses, climbers, and ramblers. Roses require specific growing conditions including temperatures between 15-18°C, soil pH between 6.2-6.8, and irrigation methods like drip irrigation. - Rose cultivation involves land preparation, planting, use of manures and fertil

Polyhouses

Kumar Gopi

This document provides details on the construction and establishment of a low-cost polyhouse for growing ornamental crops. Some key points: - A polyhouse is a specially constructed structure covered with a transparent material that allows natural light entry and controls the environment for plant cultivation. - Growing ornamental crops in a polyhouse ensures optimal growing conditions and higher productivity compared to open fields. It allows year-round production and export-quality flowers. - The document provides specifications for constructing a low-cost polyhouse structure, including framing materials, foundation layout, ventilation, and covering materials. - It also outlines the process for establishing beds within the polyhouse and arranging them in longitudinal and cross-bedding

Integrated Plant Disease Management (IDM)

Amit Kumar Roy

ROSE CULTIVATION

HARISH J

This document provides information about roses, including their botanical classification, major importers and exporters, uses, cultivation practices, and more. It discusses that roses belong to the genus Rosa in the family Rosaceae. Germany is the largest importer of roses, while the top exporter is the Netherlands. The document describes different types of roses and their classifications. It also outlines soil, climate, propagation, planting, pruning, and other cultivation practices required for successful rose production.

marigold.pptx

S.Thangapazham Agricultural College, Vignesh Landscape Garden PVT. Limited.

- Marigolds are native to Central and South America and are used widely as ornamental plants and for their pigments. There are two main types - African and French marigolds. - They are grown commercially in states like Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, and more. Soil and climate requirements are mentioned. Various varieties are listed for the two main types. - The document outlines production practices like field preparation, propagation, spacing, nutrient management, irrigation, pest and disease management, and harvesting. French marigolds yield 8-12 tons/hectare while African varieties yield 11-18 tons/hectare.

Agronomy Practical on Estimation of Seed requirement and plant population of ...

Drgajendrasinghtomar

1. The document discusses calculating plant population, seed requirement, and seed rate for various crops. It provides formulas and examples for determining plant population based on spacing, estimating spacing given population, and calculating seed rate based on population, test weight, germination, and purity percentage. 2. Several exercises are included to demonstrate calculating seed rate for crops like rice, sorghum, maize, groundnut, green gram, and pigeonpea using given parameters like spacing, population, test weight, germination, and purity. 3. The final examples discuss estimating seed requirement for a research plot and per row based on seed rate per hectare, and calculating hybrid cotton seed rate for one acre area.

Weed ecology and weed competition

GARORAA

Weed ecology is the study of the relationships between weeds and their environments. There are two approaches to weed ecology: autecology, which examines individual weed populations, and synecology, which examines the relationships between communities of different weed species. Weed ecology is influenced by ecological succession, crop-weed competition, morphological similarities between crops and weeds, seed shedding behavior, environmental factors that encourage germination, and allelopathic effects between some crops and weeds. Continuous use of the same herbicide can also encourage weed resistance to develop over time. Studying weed ecology helps understand how to manage weeds through practices like crop rotation.

Barseem cultivation

Vikas Tiwari

Layout of Hi-Tech Nursery, Pros and Cons.pptx

Parshant Bakshi

Seed control order 1983

kiran Dasanal

The document outlines procedures for seed sampling and analysis in India. It specifies minimum sampling intensities for seeds stored in bulk or bags. For bulk seeds, a minimum of 5 samples are required up to 500 kg, increasing to 10 samples for lots over 20,000 kg. For bagged seeds, every container must be sampled for lots up to 5 bags, every 3 containers for 6-30 bags, and every 5 containers for lots over 30 bags. Samples must be properly sealed, labeled with details, and sent to notified seed testing laboratories within 60 days.

seed testing for quality assessment

DEEN DAYAL CHAUDHARY

Implementation and impact of IPM. Safety issues in pesticide use. Political, ...

Nikhil Kumar

IPM packages tested at several research centres vis-a-vis the farmers’ practices indicate superiority of the former. IPM practices enabled reduction in the number of chemical sprays. IPM system also resulted in increase of natural enemies by three-fold, reduced the insecticide and environmental pollution (Dhaliwal and Arora, 1996). An integrated strategy for the management of major pests and diseases is possible by I. breeding new varieties with built-in resistance, II. evolving efficient methods of pest control through pest surveys and monitoring, and III. biological control of pests with the help of conservation and augmentation of natural enemies like parasites, predators and insect pathogens. The

Vertical Garden

Shruthi Vasu

Vertical gardening grows plants vertically rather than horizontally in order to maximize limited space. It involves planting in hanging pots, trellises, or other frameworks mounted vertically. Vertical gardens can include edible plants, ornamentals, and help beautify and green urban spaces while fitting into small balconies or areas without land. They provide aesthetic benefits while conserving resources through efficient watering and accessibility.

Environmental Control IN GREEN HOUSE

Rakesh Pattnaik

The document discusses various methods for controlling the environment in polyhouses or greenhouses, including temperature control using thermostats or evaporative cooling, humidity control, light intensity control using different types of lighting, and CO2 control. It also covers supplemental lighting options like fluorescent, incandescent, and high-intensity discharge lamps and their properties. Automation and computerization of environmental control systems is also mentioned.

Lazer leveling, mechanized direct seed sowing, seedling and sapling transplan...

Dr. M. Kumaresan Hort.

Wheat

Siddharth Khanna

- Wheat is an important food crop worldwide and in India. The document discusses the botanical description, varieties, uses, production, and cultivation practices of wheat. It provides details on the climatic requirements, soil requirements, cropping systems, seed and sowing methods, fertilizer use, irrigation, weed control, and a new system of intensified wheat cultivation. The key aspects covered include wheat being a staple food crop, grown widely in northern India, and requiring specific temperature and moisture conditions at different growth stages.