This document presents an overview of immuno-oncology and its application to lung cancer. It discusses the theories of immuno-oncology including elimination, equilibrium and escape. The mechanisms of immuno-oncology involve humoral and cell-mediated immune responses using natural killer cells and cytotoxic T-cells. Immunotherapies represent a new treatment pillar for non-small cell lung cancer using biomarkers, antibodies that target CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1. While immuno-oncology has unique side effects, it provides benefits as a single agent and in combination with other therapies for lung cancer and other malignancies.

1. PRESENTED BY –
Mr. Rahul Gangadhar Arote
Roll no. 01
M. Pharm (Semester I)
GUIDED BY-
Dr. Prashant. S. Malpure
Associate Professor, Pharmaceutics
“IMMUNO- ONCOLOGY IN LUNG CANCER”
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS
MATOSHRI COLLEGE OF PHARMACY,
EKLAHARE, NASHIK.

2. CONTENT
 Introduction
 Theories of immuno oncology
 Mechanism of immuno oncology
 Immuno oncology for lungs Cancer
 Side effect of immuno oncology
 Report
 Reference

3. INTRODUCTION
WHAT'S IMMUNO ONCOLOGY
 Cancer immunotherapy, also known as immuno-oncology, is a form of cancer treatment
that uses the power of the body's own immune system to prevent, control, and eliminate
cancer.
The first immunotherapy agent, an antitumor cytokine called interferon-alpha 2 (ifn-a2),
was approved by the us food and drug administration (fda) in 1986, with the expansion and
further approval of immunotherapy drugs occurring in the early and mid-1990s.

4. Immunosurvillance Immunoediting
T cell exhaustion
Equibrillium
Escape
Elimination
THEORIES OF IMMUNO ONCOLOGY

5. Elimination
 potential cancer cells are created but they don’t reach a clinical status because
the immune system recognized them and eliminates them
Equlibrillium
 a balanced and tumor cell proliferation equals the death cause by immunity .
 Cancer cell maintained chronically or immunologically sculpted produced tumor
variants .
Escape
 the tumor variants evade the immune system and become clinically detected

6. Diagrammatic representation

7. Mechanism of immuno oncology
A)Humoral response
B)Cell mediated immune response
Natural killer cell (Nk) help to trigger immune response against tumor cell
Cytoxic t-cell help to trigger immune response against tumor cell
Antigen
Exogenous
antigen
MHC II
MHC- I
ENDOCYTIC
PATHWAY
CYTOSOLIC
PATHEAY
TH CELL
TC CLL
Endogenous
antigen

8. CTLA-4 Mediates inhibition in the central lymph compartment .
Antibodies block the CTLA-4 can lead to ongoing T cell activation
These T cell can then migrate to the peripheral tissues and attack tumor cell
Antibodies that block PD-1 and PD-2 can restore T cell effector functions for
reactivated anti tumor response
PD -1 mainally exerts its inhibitory effect on T cell in peripheral tissues

9. Immuno- oncology for lungs cancer
lungs cancer incidence and mortality
 New cases in 2022 ;228,190,
- 040% with stage IV disease at presentation
(-90,000 )
 160,000deaths in 2019 ,comparable to prostate ,pancreases
,breast and colon cancer combined
 5-year relative survival rate ;135overall (2%for patient with
distant –stage )disease

10. Lung cancer is caused by genetic damage to the DNA of cells in the airways, often
caused by cigarette smoking or inhaling damaging chemicals. Damaged airway cells gain
the ability to multiply unchecked, causing the growth of a tumor. Without treatment,
tumors spread throughout the lung, damaging lung function.
• Biomarkers
• Atezolizumab
• Advanced nsclc
• Nivolumab
• Other malignancies
• Pembrolizumab

12. R
Report

13. Conclusion
 Immunotherapies represent a new pillar of treatment for nsclc.
 PD-L1 is a potential predictive biomarker.
 Development of biomarker key to further development as a single agent and in
combination with other therapies.
 Unique side effects consistent with the immune mechanism of action.

14. REFERENCE
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Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. 20.
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16. Thank You