This technical report discusses improvements to radio resource management (RRM) across radio network subsystems (RNSs) and RNS/base station subsystems (BSSs) in 3GPP. It proposes a common RRM (CRRM) functional model with RRM and CRRM functional entities that communicate over reference points. The CRRM entity supports RRM decisions and coordinates radio resources across overlapping pools controlled by different RRM entities. The document analyzes existing RRM/CRRM mechanisms and outlines potential study areas and requirements to enhance coordination between RRM domains.
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R3 030340(tr25.891 v030 improvement of rrm across rns and rns bss)-revadelekejare
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25931 510 utran functions, examples on signalling proceduresadelekejare
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25951 620 base station (bs) classification (fdd)adelekejare
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This document from 3GPP discusses IP transport in UTRAN (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network) for 3G mobile networks. It identifies requirements for IP-based transport in UTRAN such as quality of service, efficient bandwidth usage, and backward compatibility. The document evaluates potential solutions for IP-based user plane transport and radio network signalling. These include various encapsulation formats and protocols as well as aspects related to addressing, routing, and interworking between IP and ATM networks. The goal is to specify IP-based transport in UTRAN while meeting requirements and ensuring compatibility with earlier 3G network releases.
25892 600 feasibility study for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (o...adelekejare
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This technical report from 3GPP discusses improving quality of service optimization for AAL type 2 connections over interfaces in UTRAN (3G radio access networks). It outlines issues with prioritization in previous releases. It then proposes using new priority capabilities defined in Q.2630.2 to provide prioritization at both the AAL2 and ATM levels. Backward compatibility and necessary changes to specifications are also addressed. The goal is to enhance QoS for AAL2 connections in the radio access network.
25922 601 radio resource management strategiesadelekejare
This 3-page technical report from 3GPP provides an overview of radio resource management strategies in UTRAN. It describes various RRM procedures like handover, admission control, radio bearer control, dynamic resource allocation, power management, radio link monitoring, and congestion control. The report also includes several annexes that provide more details on specific RRM strategies through simulations and examples. It does not include any approval processes and is meant for future 3GPP development work.
R3 030340(tr25.891 v030 improvement of rrm across rns and rns bss)-revadelekejare
This document provides a summary of 3GPP TR 25.891 V0.23.0 (2003-12) which proposes a Common Radio Resource Management (CRRM) functional model. The model includes Radio Resource Management (RRM) and CRRM functional entities that communicate over reference points. The CRRM entity supports RRM decisions by providing reporting information about other RRM entities and radio access networks. The document also discusses different applications of the CRRM model and potential enhancements.
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25931 510 utran functions, examples on signalling proceduresadelekejare
This document provides 3 summaries in 3 sentences or less of the given technical report:
The technical report describes UTRAN functions through signaling procedure examples. It shows interactions between the UE, UTRAN nodes, and CN to perform system operations. Signaling procedures illustrate how the UTRAN works in different scenarios.
25951 620 base station (bs) classification (fdd)adelekejare
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This document from 3GPP discusses IP transport in UTRAN (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network) for 3G mobile networks. It identifies requirements for IP-based transport in UTRAN such as quality of service, efficient bandwidth usage, and backward compatibility. The document evaluates potential solutions for IP-based user plane transport and radio network signalling. These include various encapsulation formats and protocols as well as aspects related to addressing, routing, and interworking between IP and ATM networks. The goal is to specify IP-based transport in UTRAN while meeting requirements and ensuring compatibility with earlier 3G network releases.
25892 600 feasibility study for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (o...adelekejare
The document analyzes the feasibility of introducing OFDM technology in 3GPP systems. It studies OFDM fundamentals and performance, and evaluates aspects such as spectrum compatibility, physical layer structure, impacts on uplink and handover, synchronization, interference and more. The analysis aims to determine if OFDM can provide benefits like increased throughput for data services and if further 3GPP standardization work is recommended.
This technical report from 3GPP discusses improving quality of service optimization for AAL type 2 connections over interfaces in UTRAN (3G radio access networks). It outlines issues with prioritization in previous releases. It then proposes using new priority capabilities defined in Q.2630.2 to provide prioritization at both the AAL2 and ATM levels. Backward compatibility and necessary changes to specifications are also addressed. The goal is to enhance QoS for AAL2 connections in the radio access network.
25996 610 spacial channel model for multiple input multiple output (mimo) sim...adelekejare
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25952 520 base station classification (tdd)adelekejare
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The document is a collection of terms, definitions, and abbreviations related to 3GPP UTRA radio aspects. It provides precise vocabulary for 3GPP technical documentation to facilitate understanding. Terms are either imported from other documentation or newly created by 3GPP experts. The document contains no references and includes sections with an alphabetical list of abbreviations and terms related to UTRA radio.
3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Service description; Stage 2 (Release 8)
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This document defines specifications for self-organizing network (SON) policy and optimization functions. It describes several SON functions including load balancing optimization, handover parameter optimization, interference control, capacity and coverage optimization, and random access channel optimization. For each function, it defines objectives, parameters to optimize, optimization methods, architecture, and performance monitoring considerations. It also covers coordination between different SON functions and between SON functions and non-SON network management operations.
3GPP TR 22.885 study on LTE support for V2X servicesYi-Hsueh Tsai
The vehicular communication in this study, referred to as Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), contains the following three different types:
- Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) Communications
- Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) Communications
- Vehicle to Pedestrian (V2P) Communications
This document provides 3GPP specifications for performance measurements related to the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN). It defines measurements for radio access bearer management, signaling connections, radio resource control connections, radio link control connections, soft handovers, hard handovers, and relocations. The measurements are intended to monitor performance of various procedures in the UTRAN network.
25936 401 handovers for real-time services from ps domainadelekejare
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This document describes technical aspects of roaming end-to-end scenarios for Voice over LTE (VoLTE) IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) networks and other networks. It covers considerations for SIP header fields, identifiers, and elements. Example signaling flows are provided for registration when roaming, originating roaming calls without loopback, and originating roaming calls with loopback. The document is intended for future 3GPP specification development work.
This technical report from 3GPP provides an overview and analysis of end-to-end roaming scenarios for VoLTE calls using IMS. It describes key IMS specifications, architecture elements, procedures and signaling flows related to registration, routing, services and access transfers in roaming networks. The document aims to consolidate relevant information from 3GPP standards to aid understanding and development of roaming implementations.
This document provides an overview of 3GPP TR 25.931 which describes UTRAN functions and signaling procedures. It defines protocols and messages for communication between the UTRAN and UE, including RANAP, RNSAP, NBAP, RRC, BMC and frame protocols. The document also summarizes various procedures for paging, connection establishment and release, bearer establishment and modification, and physical channel reconfiguration. It serves as a reference for future 3GPP specification work but has not been approved and is not intended for implementation.
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This document describes the 3GPP TS 25.331 technical specification for radio resource control (RRC) protocol. It defines the RRC protocol and RRC operation of user equipment (UE) and UTRAN in UTRA networks. The document provides specifications for RRC functions, services, states and procedures, including the broadcast of system information, RRC connection establishment, and different RRC modes like URA_PCH, CELL_PCH and CELL_DCH.
This document provides a technical specification for physical channels and modulation in E-UTRA, also known as LTE. It describes the frame structure, uplink transmission including physical channels like PUSCH and PUCCH, reference signals, and random access. The document also covers downlink transmission with physical channels and signals. It is a specification developed by 3GPP for the LTE wireless communication standard.
This document specifies standards for transport protocols and signaling protocols used to establish transport bearers over the UTRAN Iu interface. It defines the protocol stacks for both the circuit switched and packet switched domains, including the use of ATM, AAL2, IP, UDP, GTP and various signaling protocols. The document also covers areas like addressing, quality of service, and congestion control.
This document proposes standardized key performance indicators (KPIs) for UTRAN and GERAN networks based on 3GPP specifications. It defines lower level KPIs based on existing measurements, and also presents alternative high level KPI definitions. The KPIs are intended to help network operators monitor and optimize performance by providing aggregated metrics on issues like call setup success rates, call drop rates, and handover success. The document was created through a cooperative effort between major network equipment providers.
This technical report from 3GPP discusses quality of service (QoS) concepts for universal mobile telecommunications systems (UMTS). It outlines high-level QoS requirements, proposes a QoS architecture with different levels and parameters, and describes how QoS will be managed across the radio interface and core network. The document also addresses QoS capabilities, interworking considerations, and QoS mapping between different network layers and external networks.
At Techbox Square, in Singapore, we're not just creative web designers and developers, we're the driving force behind your brand identity. Contact us today.
25996 610 spacial channel model for multiple input multiple output (mimo) sim...adelekejare
The document describes a spatial channel model for 3GPP link level simulations. It specifies four different channel models (Cases I-IV) that include parameters such as the number of propagation paths, path delays, average path powers, and angular spreads. Spatial parameters are defined for the base station and mobile station, including antenna patterns, angles of arrival/departure, and velocity. The model is intended for use in calibrating link level simulations rather than comparing algorithm performance.
25952 520 base station classification (tdd)adelekejare
This technical report from 3GPP discusses the classification of base stations in 3G mobile networks. It defines scenarios like indoor and mixed indoor-outdoor environments. Propagation models are provided for path loss calculations in these scenarios. Minimum coupling loss is defined for local area base stations. Finally, the report proposes new requirements for different base station classes to account for varied use cases and radio environments compared to existing macrocell specifications.
The document is a collection of terms, definitions, and abbreviations related to 3GPP UTRA radio aspects. It provides precise vocabulary for 3GPP technical documentation to facilitate understanding. Terms are either imported from other documentation or newly created by 3GPP experts. The document contains no references and includes sections with an alphabetical list of abbreviations and terms related to UTRA radio.
3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Service description; Stage 2 (Release 8)
The document is a 3GPP technical specification that defines the Radio Resource Control protocol for UMTS. It describes RRC functions and services, the RRC protocol architecture, state transitions and procedures. These include system information broadcasting, paging, RRC connection establishment and release, UE capability transfer, and security mode control.
This document defines specifications for self-organizing network (SON) policy and optimization functions. It describes several SON functions including load balancing optimization, handover parameter optimization, interference control, capacity and coverage optimization, and random access channel optimization. For each function, it defines objectives, parameters to optimize, optimization methods, architecture, and performance monitoring considerations. It also covers coordination between different SON functions and between SON functions and non-SON network management operations.
3GPP TR 22.885 study on LTE support for V2X servicesYi-Hsueh Tsai
The vehicular communication in this study, referred to as Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), contains the following three different types:
- Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) Communications
- Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) Communications
- Vehicle to Pedestrian (V2P) Communications
This document provides 3GPP specifications for performance measurements related to the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN). It defines measurements for radio access bearer management, signaling connections, radio resource control connections, radio link control connections, soft handovers, hard handovers, and relocations. The measurements are intended to monitor performance of various procedures in the UTRAN network.
25936 401 handovers for real-time services from ps domainadelekejare
The document discusses potential solutions for handovers for real-time services from the PS domain in 3GPP. Solution 1 involves reusing the packet duplication mechanism from Release 99 to minimize interruptions during handovers. Solution 2 involves bi-casting data flows in the core network during relocation between SGSNs or within a single SGSN. The document analyzes the impacts of each solution on 3GPP specifications and interactions with other systems. It also lists open issues and provides a comparison of the two solutions. The goal is to select a single handover method that supports both intra-system and inter-system operations with minimal interruptions for real-time voice and video services.
This document provides an introduction to the 3GPP TS 08.0x and 3GPP TS 08.20 series of specifications, which define the Base Station System (BSS) to Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) interface (A-interface) for the GSM system. It describes the partitioning of specifications covering aspects such as interface principles, layer 1, signalling transport, and layer 3. The document also introduces specifications for supporting data services over this interface.
This document is a 3GPP technical specification that outlines requirements for supporting radio resource management in UMTS FDD networks. It discusses requirements for various idle mode and connected mode mobility tasks, including cell selection, cell reselection, soft handover, hard handover, inter-RAT handover between UMTS FDD and TDD or GSM networks, and cell reselection in CELL_FACH state. It provides requirements for parameters like active set dimensions, handover delays, interruption times, and cell reselection delays. The document also lists definitions, abbreviations, references, and copyright information.
This document describes technical aspects of roaming end-to-end scenarios for Voice over LTE (VoLTE) IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) networks and other networks. It covers considerations for SIP header fields, identifiers, and elements. Example signaling flows are provided for registration when roaming, originating roaming calls without loopback, and originating roaming calls with loopback. The document is intended for future 3GPP specification development work.
This technical report from 3GPP provides an overview and analysis of end-to-end roaming scenarios for VoLTE calls using IMS. It describes key IMS specifications, architecture elements, procedures and signaling flows related to registration, routing, services and access transfers in roaming networks. The document aims to consolidate relevant information from 3GPP standards to aid understanding and development of roaming implementations.
This document provides an overview of 3GPP TR 25.931 which describes UTRAN functions and signaling procedures. It defines protocols and messages for communication between the UTRAN and UE, including RANAP, RNSAP, NBAP, RRC, BMC and frame protocols. The document also summarizes various procedures for paging, connection establishment and release, bearer establishment and modification, and physical channel reconfiguration. It serves as a reference for future 3GPP specification work but has not been approved and is not intended for implementation.
- This document describes a system for interworking between 3GPP systems and wireless local area networks (WLANs). It defines the architecture and procedures to provide authentication, authorization, and access control for WLAN users to access 3GPP services and IP connectivity. It also covers charging, quality of service, and other aspects of the interworking system.
This document describes the 3GPP TS 25.331 technical specification for radio resource control (RRC) protocol. It defines the RRC protocol and RRC operation of user equipment (UE) and UTRAN in UTRA networks. The document provides specifications for RRC functions, services, states and procedures, including the broadcast of system information, RRC connection establishment, and different RRC modes like URA_PCH, CELL_PCH and CELL_DCH.
This document provides a technical specification for physical channels and modulation in E-UTRA, also known as LTE. It describes the frame structure, uplink transmission including physical channels like PUSCH and PUCCH, reference signals, and random access. The document also covers downlink transmission with physical channels and signals. It is a specification developed by 3GPP for the LTE wireless communication standard.
This document specifies standards for transport protocols and signaling protocols used to establish transport bearers over the UTRAN Iu interface. It defines the protocol stacks for both the circuit switched and packet switched domains, including the use of ATM, AAL2, IP, UDP, GTP and various signaling protocols. The document also covers areas like addressing, quality of service, and congestion control.
This document proposes standardized key performance indicators (KPIs) for UTRAN and GERAN networks based on 3GPP specifications. It defines lower level KPIs based on existing measurements, and also presents alternative high level KPI definitions. The KPIs are intended to help network operators monitor and optimize performance by providing aggregated metrics on issues like call setup success rates, call drop rates, and handover success. The document was created through a cooperative effort between major network equipment providers.
This technical report from 3GPP discusses quality of service (QoS) concepts for universal mobile telecommunications systems (UMTS). It outlines high-level QoS requirements, proposes a QoS architecture with different levels and parameters, and describes how QoS will be managed across the radio interface and core network. The document also addresses QoS capabilities, interworking considerations, and QoS mapping between different network layers and external networks.
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R3 030340(tr25.891 v030 improvement of rrm across rns and rns bss)-clean
1. 3GPP TR 25.891 V0.3.0 (2003-2)
Technical Report
3rd Generation Partnership Project;
Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network;
Improvement of RRM across RNS and RNS/BSS (Post Rel-5);
(Release 6)
The present document has been developed within the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP TM) and may be further elaborated for the purposes of 3GPP.
The present document has not been subject to any approval process by the 3GPP Organizational Partners and shall not be implemented.
This Specification is provided for future development work within 3GPP only. The Organizational Partners accept no liability for any use of this
Specification.
Specifications and reports for implementation of the 3GPP TM system should be obtained via the 3GPP Organizational Partners' Publications Offices.
3. Release 6 3 3GPP TR 25.891 V0.3.0 (2003-2)
Contents
Foreword..................................................................................................................................................4
1 Scope.....................................................................................................................................................4
2 References.............................................................................................................................................4
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations.................................................................................................5
3.1 Definitions..............................................................................................................................................................5
3.2 Symbols..................................................................................................................................................................5
3.3 Abbreviations.........................................................................................................................................................5
4 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................5
4.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................5
4.2 CRRM functional model........................................................................................................................................6
4.2.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................6
4.2.2 Functional model description..............................................................................................................................6
4.2.2.1 Functional entities............................................................................................................................................7
4.2.2.1.1 Radio Resource Management functional entity............................................................................................7
4.2.2.1.2 Common Radio Resource Management functional entity............................................................................7
4.2.2.2 Interfaces and functions...................................................................................................................................7
4.2.2.2.1 "Reporting Information" function.................................................................................................................8
4.2.2.2.2 "RRM Decision Support" function...............................................................................................................8
4.2.3 Application of the CRRM functional model.......................................................................................................8
4.2.3.1 Examples of the functional model applicability...............................................................................................8
4.2.3.1.1 CRRM integrated into every RNC/BSC ......................................................................................................8
4.2.3.1.2 CRRM integrated only in some RNC/BSCs.................................................................................................9
4.2.3.1.3 CRRM as a stand-alone server......................................................................................................................9
5 Analysis of existing RRM and CRRM mechanisms............................................................................11
6 Requirements......................................................................................................................................12
6.1 General.................................................................................................................................................................12
7 Study Areas.........................................................................................................................................12
7.1. General Proposals................................................................................................................................................12
7.1.1CRRM policy based approach ..........................................................................................................................12
7.1.1.1Concept 12
7.1.1.2Policy based CRRM: possible procedures......................................................................................................13
7.1.1.3Policy based CRRM: possible implementations.............................................................................................14
7.1.1.4Open Issues.....................................................................................................................................................15
7.2 Enhancements to Reporting Information............................................................................................................15
8 Agreements and associated Contributions...........................................................................................15
9 Specification Impact and associated Change Requests........................................................................15
10 Project Plan.......................................................................................................................................16
10.1 Schedule.............................................................................................................................................................16
10.2 Work Task Status...............................................................................................................................................16
Annex A:
Change history.............................................................................................................17
3GPP
4. Release 6 4 3GPP TR 25.891 V0.3.0 (2003-2)
Foreword
This Technical Report has been produced by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
The contents of the present document are subject to continuing work within the TSG and may change following formal
TSG approval. Should the TSG modify the contents of the present document, it will be re-released by the TSG with an
identifying change of release date and an increase in version number as follows:
Version x.y.z
where:
x the first digit:
1 presented to TSG for information;
2 presented to TSG for approval;
3 or greater indicates TSG approved document under change control.
y the second digit is incremented for all changes of substance, i.e. technical enhancements, corrections,
updates, etc.
z the third digit is incremented when editorial only changes have been incorporated in the document.
1 Scope
This present document is for the Release 6 work item “Improvement of RRM across RNS and RNS/BSS”(see [1]).
Based on the Release 5 study (see 3GPP TR 25.881[2]), a Release 5 solution was accepted. The objective of this work
item is to work on possible further improvements to the Release 5 solution.
The purpose of the present document is to help TSG RAN WG3 to specify the different schemes to improve the RRM
acoross RNS and RNS/BSS and to compare them.
This document is intended to gather all information in order to trace the history and the status of the Work Task in RAN
WG3. It is not intended to replace contributions and Change Requests, but only to list conclusions and make reference
to agreed contributions and CRs. When solutions are sufficiently stable, the CRs can be issued.
This document identifies the affected specifications with related Change Requests.
It also describes the schedule of the Work Task.
This document is a ‘living’ document, i.e. it is permanently updated and presented to TSG-RAN meetings.
2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
• References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document (including
a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document in the same
Release as the present document.
[<seq>] <doctype> <#>[ ([up to and including]{yyyy[-mm]|V<a[.b[.c]]>}[onwards])]: "<Title>".
3GPP
5. Release 6 5 3GPP TR 25.891 V0.3.0 (2003-2)
[1] 3GPP TD RP-01094: "Work Item Description for Improvement of RRM across RNS and
RNS/BSS".
[2] 3GPP TR 25.881: "Improvement of RRM across RNS and RNS/BSS".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the [following] terms and definitions [given in ... and the following] apply.
<defined term>: <definition>.
example: text used to clarify abstract rules by applying them literally.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
<symbol> <Explanation>
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
<ACRONYM> <Explanation>
BSS Base Station Sub-system
CRRM Common Radio Resource Management
IS HO Inter System Handover
NCCR Network Controlled Cell Reselection
RNC Radio Network Controller
RNS Radio Network Sub-system
RRM Radio Resource Management
SI Study Item
WI Work Item
4 Introduction
4.1 General
At the 3GPP TSG RAN #14 meeting, based on the study result of the Release 5 SI, “Improvement of RRM across RNS
and RNS/BSS”, a first solution was introduced. It was also decided to create the WI, "Improvement of RRM across
RNS and RNS/BSS" to work on further enhancement to the Release 5 solution.
This chapter introduces the background of this WI and the reason why RRM is important in multi-radio environment.
In the future, the mobile network configurations will not be as simple as in nowadays. Multiple cells from different
radio technologies will be overlapped in the same area and multiple layers will co-exist. In this complicated
environment, multi-mode mobile can be connected to different cell and unless there is knowledge about each cell it
would be very difficult to optimise network performance and to manage resources efficiently.
3GPP
6. Release 6 6 3GPP TR 25.891 V0.3.0 (2003-2)
GSM/EDGE
GSM/EDGE GSM/EDGE
GSM/EDGE
Macro
Macro WCDMA
WCDMA WCDMA
WCDMA
GSM GSM GSM
GSM GSM GSM
Micro
Micro WCDMA WCDMA WCDMA
WCDMA WCDMA WCDMA To which system/cell
To which system
should we direct
Pico The multi-mode this call we
should
Pico The multi-mode
can be connected
mobile connected
can be
mobile
?
to GSMmacro
•GSM
• to
FDD WCDMA
FDD • •WCDMA FDD macro
WCDMA WCDMA WCDMA macro
macro
TDD TDD • •GSM micro
GSM micro
TDD TDD
• •WCDMA FDD micro
WCDMA micro
• •WCDMA TDD pico
WCDMA pico
•
• TDD pico
•
• WLAN•
Figure 1: Future Mobile Network Environment
In addition, it would be reasonable to direct different services with different QoS classes to the most suitable radio
accesses.
To consider the above situation in Release 5, TSG RANWG3 and TSG GERAN has a solution. This new WI is
intending to further enhance RRM across RNS and RNS/BSS for further releases.
4.2 CRRM functional model
Note: This functional model is not intended to restrict any further CRRM solutions.
4.2.1 Introduction
In this section the CRRM functional model is described including different possibilities of how CRRM mechanisms
could be realised and how functional entities may be mapped into physical entities.
4.2.2 Functional model description
The whole set of radio resources for an operator is considered to be partitioned into “radio resource pools”.
These radio resource pools are controlled by two different types of functional entities:
• RRM entity: functional entity responsible for Radio Resource Management of one radio resource pool, i.e. this
characterises the radio resource pool
• CRRM entity: functional entity responsible for a Common Radio Resource Management, i.e. coordination of
overlapping/neighbour radio resource pools controlled by different RRM entities.
This new CRRM entity is introduced to allow some kind of coordination among different radio resource pools whose
radio resources are linked to the same geographic area in the network.
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7. Release 6 7 3GPP TR 25.891 V0.3.0 (2003-2)
cc-i/f
CRRM CRRM
rc-i/f rc-i/f rc-i/f
RRM RRM RRM
Reporting Information
RRM Decision Support
Configuration Information Exchange (O&M)
Figure 2: CRRM functional model
4.2.2.1 Functional entities
4.2.2.1.1 Radio Resource Management functional entity
One RRM functional entity represents those radio resource management functions that control one certain pool of radio
resources within one radio access network. Such a radio resource pool typically consists of the radio resources of
several cells.
Radio resource management in the UTRAN affects different physical entities in a radio access system: e.g.: Node B and
UE are contributing by measurements, RNC is controlling the radio resources. However, for the purpose of modelling
CRRM, the RRM functions – irrespective of their actual physical location – are shown as one functional entity which
resides in one place (typically in an RNC or BSC) which is responsible for the radio resources.
4.2.2.1.2 Common Radio Resource Management functional entity
The main purpose of the CRRM functional entity is to support RRM decisions so that the availability of radio resources
in other RRMs and/or other RANs are taken into account. So “CRRM is responsible for that RRM entity” means the
CRRM entity supports decisions of a certain RRM entity.
One CRRM entity may be responsible for several RRM entities. In addition, a CRRM entity may have information on
the state of RRM entities that are not directly under its responsibility. But such information may only be obtained by
communicating with the CRRM entity that is responsible for the according RRM entity.
For the sake of simplicity, this functional model defines that each RRM entity is under the responsibility of one and
only one CRRM entity.
4.2.2.2 Interfaces and functions
Figure 2 shows the resulting functional model with the following interfaces between the functional entities:
• rc-i/f: between RRM and CRRM,
• cc-i/f: between two CRRM entities.
The functional relationships between the entities of the functional model are based on two types of functions:
• Reporting Information,
• RRM Decision Support.
Also possible interactions of CRRM with O&M for the exchange of configuration information are indicated (note:
interactions of RRM with O&M are not included in the figure).
While rc-i/f supports both types of functions, cc-i/f only supports "Reporting Information" and can thus be regarded as a
subset of the rc-i/f. In the following the two functions on these interfaces are described in more detail.
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8. Release 6 8 3GPP TR 25.891 V0.3.0 (2003-2)
4.2.2.2.1 "Reporting Information" function
The "Reporting Information" function is a one way exchange of static (e.g. like cell capacity) or dynamic information
(e.g. measurements like load of a cell). Note that Figure 2 shows only the direction of the report. This does not exclude
to trigger such a report from the other direction.
Each RRM entity in the functional model may be requested by its responsible CRRM entity to report certain
information (e.g. measurements) with respect to its radio resources. This function shall allow for requesting immediate
replies to a measurement request as well as event- or timer-triggered measurement reporting. It is assumed that this
reporting is controlled by the responsible CRRM entity.
In addition on the cc i/f, one CRRM entity may request information on radio resources for which it is not responsible
from a different CRRM entity which is responsible for these radio resources.
4.2.2.2.2 "RRM Decision Support" function
Each RRM entity in the model may be influenced by one and only one CRRM entity. The "RRM Decision Support"
function describes how the CRRM entity takes influence on the RRM entity for which it is responsible, e.g. how it
might affect a handover decision.
4.2.3 Application of the CRRM functional model
The question how the two basic functions "Reporting Information" and "RRM Decision Support" are realised by
specific procedures and how the CRRM functional model is applied depends on how CRRM is implemented in a
network:
1. What kind of CRRM topology, i.e. mapping of functional entities to physical entities, is used:
a. centralised in new physical nodes,
b. integrated into existing nodes (this might be also centralised or distributed).
NOTE: Of course it might also be possible (e.g. for migration reasons) to combine 1a. and 1b. in a mixed CRRM
topology provided that both use compatible CRRM implementation related to the following CRRM schemes.
2. Who is the master of decisions (e.g. for handover):
a. CRRM only advises the RRM entity (RRM is master),
b. CRRM decisions are binding for the RRM entity (CRRM is master).
3. How tight is the coupling between CRRM and RRM, i.e. how frequent is the interaction between CRRM and RRM
entities?
a. Tight coupling: CRRM is often directly involved in the RRM decisions, e.g.: involved in every Inter System
Handover (IS HO) / Network Controlled Cell Reselection (NCCR),
b. Loose coupling: CRRM defines CRRM policies for the RRM entities and maintains them up to date, e.g.: policy
is valid for every IS HO/NCCR until the policy is changed
4.2.3.1 Examples of the functional model applicability
This section provides examples on how the functional model can be used to describe and classify different CRRM
solutions.
The following CRRM topologies are provided:
• CRRM integrated into every RNC/BSC,
• CRRM integrated only in some RNC/BSCs,
• CRRM as a stand-alone server.
4.2.3.1.1 CRRM integrated into every RNC/BSC
As illustrated in Figure 3, this approach is characterised by the co-location of RRM and responsible CRRM entities. The
functional interface between RRM and CRRM is not realised as an open interface in this solution. Only "Reporting
Information" is exchanged over open interfaces.
3GPP
9. Release 6 9 3GPP TR 25.891 V0.3.0 (2003-2)
CRRM CRRM
RRM RRM
RNC/BSC RNC/BSC
CRRM
RRM
RNC/BSC
Figure 3: CRRM integrated into every RNC/BSC
This approach is in line with the ‘Integrated CRRM’ solution proposed in [2] and it reflects the current Release 5
CRRM solution.
The current CRRM solution of Release 5 allows to transfer load information from one RNC in the UTRAN to one BSC
in the GERAN and vice versa using the common measurement procedures on Iur-g or handover/relocation procedures
via A/Iu interface.
Within the UTRAN the common measurement procedures on Iur can be used.
Only “Reporting Information” function on the interface between different CRRM entities is standardised (mainly as a
cell load exchange).
The "Reporting Information" function between CRRM and RRM entities and the “RRM Decision Support” is vendor
specific since the CRRM entity must be integrated in every RNC/BSC which has to support CRRM.
4.2.3.1.2 CRRM integrated only in some RNC/BSCs
As illustrated in Figure 4, CRRM is co-located with RRM for only one RNC/BSC. This approach is characterised by
being integrated and allowing for open interfaces between RRM and CRRM (for the cases where RRM is not co-located
with CRRM). Both "Reporting Information" and "RRM Decision Support" function need to be standardised.
RRM RRM
RNC/BSC RNC/BSC
CRRM
RRM
RNC/BSC
Figure 4: CRRM integrated only in some RNC/BSCs
This approach was not included in [2] but the case where CRRM is integrated into every RNC/BSC (see section before)
can be considered as a subset of this case.
Note: This approach may also consider CRRM to CRRM interactions on the cc i/f. This was just omitted in Figure 4 for
simplicity reasons.
4.2.3.1.3 CRRM as a stand-alone server
As illustrated in Figure 5, this approach implements RRM and CRRM entities into separate nodes. All of the interfaces
among RRMs and CRRMs are open. Both "Reporting Information" and "RRM Decision Support" functions need to be
specified.
3GPP
10. Release 6 10 3GPP TR 25.891 V0.3.0 (2003-2)
CRRM Server
CRRM
RRM RRM
RNC/BSC RRM RNC/BSC
RNC/BSC
Figure 5: CRRM as a stand-alone server
This approach is in line with the ‘CRRM Server’ solution proposed in [2].
Note: This solution does not necessarily imply a tight CRRM to RRM coupling (see above) by directly involving
CRRM into every IS HO/NCCR, however mostly it was associated with this implementation.
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11. Release 6 11 3GPP TR 25.891 V0.3.0 (2003-2)
5 Analysis of existing RRM and CRRM mechanisms
This aim of this sub-clause is to analyse any drawbacks of the existing CRRM mechanisms in Release 5 specifications.
1. The current standardisation of the Iur-g means that the Iur-g based CRRM solution is only possible for Iu-
mode BSCs. Therefore this mechanism for CRRM could not be carried out between A/Gb-mode BSCs and
between A/Gb-mode BSCs and RNCs.
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12. Release 6 12 3GPP TR 25.891 V0.3.0 (2003-2)
6 Requirements
6.1 General
To provide optimal resource management and to optimise network performance in multi-radio/multi-vendor
environment, any solution (new/enhanced) shall consider the following requirements:
Multi-vendor operation: The solution shall work efficiently in multi-vendor environment.
Backward compatibility: The solution shall be backward compatible and shall affect to existing interface as little as
possible.
Transparency to UE/MS: The solution shall not affect to UE/MS functionality/specifications at all.
7 Study Areas
7.1. General Proposals
The aim of this sub-clause is to capture all of the proposals for enhancements to CRRM functionality. Note that this
sub-clause is NOT intended to detail or analyse Reporting Information parameters. This analysis will be done in sub-
clause 7.2.
7.1.1 CRRM policy based approach
7.1.1.1 Concept
The basic idea behind the “Policy-based CRRM approach” is the standardisation of parameters and information
exchange over an open interface between RRM and CRRM entities. This would enable the CRRM entity to provide
CRRM policies to the RRM entities, thus allowing the traffic situation in the network to be dynamically adjusted on the
basis of a common strategy.
In this proposal the CRRM entity only acts as an advisor, so that the RRM entities still take the final decisions (RRM is
the master), but based on parameters adjusted by CRRM.
Such an advice may be for example that CRRM sets some load targets for the cells. Only above these load targets the
RRM will consider triggering a load reason cell change.
To choose the best target cell further information about the capacity/load situation of possible candidates is provided by
the CRRM to the RRM entity. This information might be a relative ranking of cells or a more detailed information as
already agreed for Release 5.
For the Policy-based CRRM approach it is proposed to have a loose coupling between CRRM and RRM entities, i.e.:
CRRM policies are valid in the RRM entity for all handovers until the policy is changed by the CRRM entity. (if the
policy for a given cell is not changed for more that the time indicated by a certain time-out, than it is assumed that the
CRRM entity failed). While the RRM entities take the fast decisions required for each Access Request or Handover
Request, the CRRM entity works at a slower time scale and provides policies to the RRM entities whenever an update is
necessary. In this sense the frequency for a policy update depends on the traffic variations within the involved cells. The
updating frequency can also be subject to configuration.
It is proposed to adopt a centralised CRRM implementation (as in Figure 4 or as in Figure 5), for which it is necessary
to standardise an “RRM Decision Support” procedure (see 4.2.2.2.2) that allows the CRRM entity to also take influence
on non co-located RRM entities. The CRRM entity can therefore allow for some kind of coordination among different
radio resource pools linked to the same geographic area in the network.
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13. Release 6 13 3GPP TR 25.891 V0.3.0 (2003-2)
Note that the CRRM entity would be able to work on a faster time scale than O&M, in order to dynamically react to
traffic load variations in overlapping radio resource pools. The reason for this is that common functions for load control
over a certain geographic area (CRRM) should reside in a more dynamic entity than O&M.
In case of CRRM entity failure it is assumed that the supported RRM entities can continue with the last available policy,
and after some time-out they can fall back to a predefined default policy. In the latter case, the network performance in
the affected area would fall back to the case where no CRRM exists. However, we assume that the probability of such
an event is negligible.
7.1.1.2 Policy based CRRM: possible procedures
The “CRRM policy based approach” describes the functional relationship between CRRM and RRM by three functions:
1. CRRM triggers RRM to report measurement/load information or RRM reports initiated by the RRM entity itself.
2. CRRM can inform RRM about CRRM related information (e.g. : cell capacity and load situation of neighbour cells
which are not under control of this RRM function.
3. CRRM sets load targets for the RRM functions for which the CRRM entity is reponsible.
This can be obtained by the following four procedures (note: parts of these procedures may be realised in a similar way
to the Release 5 common measurements over Iur):
• Measurement Initiating Procedure (CRRM initiated):
CRRM triggers RRM to report a load measurement for a cell which is controlled by this RRM function. This
request can be answered by the corresponding report or just an acknowledgement (similar to Common
Measurement Initiation on Iub/Iur) or it can be rejected (definition of cause values is ffs).
The report characteristics may be e.g. periodic (time parameter), on demand or event driven (e.g. by a load level).
The possibility to report load measurements for more than 1 cell at one time should be allowed.
CRRM RRM
Measurement Init Request
[Cell_ID, Reporting Characteristic]
Measurement Init Response / Reject
Figure 6: Measurement Initiation Procedure
• Measurement Reporting Procedure (RRM initiated):
Here the RRM may report load measurements per measurement object to the CRRM which is responsible for this
RRM.
The report can be similar to the Common Measurement Report procedure on Iub/Iur.
CRRM
RRM
Report
[Cell_ID, Load Measurement]
Figure 7: Measurement Reporting Procedure
• Neighbour Cell CRRM Information Procedure (CRRM initiated):
Based on the measurements received from different RRMs the CRRM derives the “Neighbour Cell CRRM
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14. Release 6 14 3GPP TR 25.891 V0.3.0 (2003-2)
Information” (distinguished per cell and per service) and sends it to all possibly affected RRM instances (neighbour
cells in this sense are only those neighbour cells controlled by neighbour RRMs, since for cells of its own RRM no
support is needed).
This information is then used by the RRM in case of a handover (if cells of neighbour RRMs are involved) to
prioritise the target cell.
NOTE: In contrast to the current Release 5 concept the “Neighbour Cell CRRM Information” does not need to be
the actual load information. Since CRRM will get the actual load situations from the RRM entities (and other
CRRM entities if needed) it would be sufficient to send just a ranking of target cells to the RRM entity which has to
decide about a cell change.
This procedure allows CRRM some centralised control functionality about the load distribution although RRM still
takes all decisions about cell changes.
CRRM RRM
Neighbour Cell CRRM Information
[Cell_ID, Service, Capacity Information]
Figure 8: Neighbour Cell CRRM Information Procedure
• Load Target Setting Procedure (CRRM initiated):
When a load target – which can dynamically be set by CRRM per cell – is exceeded, the serving RRM of the
according cell takes autonomous RRM decisions based on the provided policy (Neighbour Cell CRRM
Information, e.g. ranking of target cells). This concerns the following RRM decisions:
- Handover due to load reasons
- Redirect due to load reasons
The procedure advises RRM to aim at a certain load level within a cell, however the resulting actions must not
increase blocking and dropping rates for calls in the corresponding cell
CRRM RRM
Set_Load_Target Request
[Cell_ID, Service, Load Target]
Set_Load_Target Ack / Reject
Figure 9: Load Target Setting Procedure
7.1.1.3 Policy based CRRM: possible implementations
For all the load definitions of this concept the currently defined 3GPP Release 5 load definition can be reused (whether
it fits exactly or further additions are useful is tbd).
For the integrated CRRM solution the already available common measurement exchanges on Iur (and later Iur-g) can
be reused.
The Neighbour Cell CRRM Procedure and the Load Target Setting Procedure would be needed on the Iur/Iur-g
interface.
In this case, there would exist two kind of nodes:
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15. Release 6 15 3GPP TR 25.891 V0.3.0 (2003-2)
• CRRM manager nodes: with a CRRM function inside,
• CRRM agent node: without a CRRM function inside, but still able to communicate with the responsible CRRM
entity.
For the CRRM server solution the common measurement procedures of the Iub/Iur could be reused for the new
interface. Neighbour Cell CRRM Information Procedure and the Load Target Setting Procedure would be needed in
addition.
So standardising the Neighbour Cell CRRM Information Procedure and the Load Target Setting Procedure would allow
full flexibility to choose an arbitrary CRRM topology and provided that the whole network uses a ‚CRRM policy based
approach‘ it would even be possible to combine different CRRM topologies in one network.
What was not yet considered in this contribution is the CRRM to CRRM information exchange. For simplicity this
exchange can be similar to the load reporting from the RRM entity to the CRRM entity.
Another point which needs some further examination is whether it is useful to express load values relative to its
maximum cell load or relative to the target cell load given by CRRM.
7.1.1.4 Open Issues
The following open issues related to the policy based CRRM approach have been identified.
- Main open issue: How are the policies defined? Other issues that directly depend on the mail open issue: Is it
possible to define CRRM policies that can interoperate with vendor-specific RRM entities? How frequently is
an update of the RRM policy by the CRRM entity needed? How is this approach distinguished from network
planning? (Especially in the case that update frequency is low.) What is the exact function split between RRM
and CRRM? May there be a conflict between CRRM and RRM entities? How to guarantee stability of the
CRRM schemes applied in a network?
7.2 Enhancements to Reporting Information
This sub-clause intends to study different proposals for enhancing the “Reporting Information” parameters, which were
defined in Release 5 on the UTRAN Iur, Iu, and Iur-g interfaces, and GERAN A interface.
8 Agreements and associated Contributions
The main text of the document should start here, after the above clauses have been added.
9 Specification Impact and associated Change
Requests
The main text of the document should start here, after the above clauses have been added.
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16. Release 6 16 3GPP TR 25.891 V0.3.0 (2003-2)
10 Project Plan
10.1 Schedule
Date Meeting Scope [expected] Input [expected]Output
10.2 Work Task Status
Planned Milestone Status
Date
1.
2.
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17. Release 6 17 3GPP TR 25.891 V0.3.0 (2003-2)
Annex A:
Change history
It is usual to include an annex (usually the final annex of the document) for reports under TSG change control which
details the change history of the report using a table as follows:
Change history
Date TSG # TSG Doc. CR Rev Subject/Comment Old New
3GPP