Downstream processing is an important part of biotechnology that involves the recovery and purification of biomolecules from fermentation broth. Preliminary economic analysis is performed to assess the costs of downstream processing. Several techniques are used in downstream processing including precipitation, drying, crystallization, and chromatography. Chromatography uses differences in how molecules interact with a stationary and mobile phase to separate biomolecules and comes in various types applicable to bioprocessing. Cell disruption methods are crucial for downstream processing and include physical techniques like sonication and mechanical methods like bead milling which have advantages and drawbacks. Co-current and counter-current extraction differ in direction of material flow but both have applications in bioprocessing for separation.
The document is an exam for a Dynamics of Electric Machines course. It contains 8 questions related to modeling and analyzing various electric machines including DC machines, induction motors, synchronous machines, and interconnected machine systems. Some key topics covered are:
1) Generalized machine theory and modeling the simplest possible rotating machine. Magnetic saturation and how it affects DC machine modeling.
2) Deriving the equivalent circuit of an induction motor and obtaining Langrange's equations and their applications.
3) Explaining the dynamic model of an interconnected machine system and deriving the transient model of a separately excited DC generator.
4) Analyzing the transient response of a separately excited DC generator and determining the short circuit current of an
This document appears to be exam questions from a March 2011 distributed computing exam at Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad. The exam contains 8 questions worth a total of 60 marks. The questions cover topics in distributed systems including distributed system architecture, distributed computing paradigms like peer-to-peer, RPC models, Inter ORB protocols, CORBA, comparisons of technologies like WWW vs Lotus Notes, grids, and cluster architecture. Students were instructed to answer any 5 of the 8 questions.
This document contains exam questions for a Master of Technology course on Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) at Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad. The exam has 8 questions worth 12 marks each, covering topics such as constraints on power flow and benefits of FACTS controllers, transformer connections for 12-pulse voltage source converters, operation of 3-level voltage source converters, short compensation and its benefits, controllable VAR generation methods, series capacitive compensation, thyristor controlled reactors, and STATCOMs and TCSCs.
This document summarizes the SPICE model parameters and simulation results for a Toshiba U05GH44 general purpose rectifier diode. It includes the diode part number, manufacturer, SPICE model parameters, and simulation results comparing the diode's forward current, junction capacitance, and reverse recovery characteristics to measurement data, showing good agreement between simulation and measurement.
The document discusses a mobile therapy service called "Invest-in-Life" that brings alternative therapies directly to people's doors. It notes that back pain is the second most common cause of sickness and that Finland had over 675,000 back pain cases in 2011-2012. The solution proposed is a "Pain-Relief-on-Wheels" mobile therapy service that offers various alternative treatment options from a luxury mobile clinic to help drive pain away.
Downstream processing is an important part of biotechnology that involves the recovery and purification of biomolecules from fermentation broth. Preliminary economic analysis is performed to assess the costs of downstream processing. Several techniques are used in downstream processing including precipitation, drying, crystallization, and chromatography. Chromatography uses differences in how molecules interact with a stationary and mobile phase to separate biomolecules and comes in various types applicable to bioprocessing. Cell disruption methods are crucial for downstream processing and include physical techniques like sonication and mechanical methods like bead milling which have advantages and drawbacks. Co-current and counter-current extraction differ in direction of material flow but both have applications in bioprocessing for separation.
The document is an exam for a Dynamics of Electric Machines course. It contains 8 questions related to modeling and analyzing various electric machines including DC machines, induction motors, synchronous machines, and interconnected machine systems. Some key topics covered are:
1) Generalized machine theory and modeling the simplest possible rotating machine. Magnetic saturation and how it affects DC machine modeling.
2) Deriving the equivalent circuit of an induction motor and obtaining Langrange's equations and their applications.
3) Explaining the dynamic model of an interconnected machine system and deriving the transient model of a separately excited DC generator.
4) Analyzing the transient response of a separately excited DC generator and determining the short circuit current of an
This document appears to be exam questions from a March 2011 distributed computing exam at Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad. The exam contains 8 questions worth a total of 60 marks. The questions cover topics in distributed systems including distributed system architecture, distributed computing paradigms like peer-to-peer, RPC models, Inter ORB protocols, CORBA, comparisons of technologies like WWW vs Lotus Notes, grids, and cluster architecture. Students were instructed to answer any 5 of the 8 questions.
This document contains exam questions for a Master of Technology course on Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) at Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad. The exam has 8 questions worth 12 marks each, covering topics such as constraints on power flow and benefits of FACTS controllers, transformer connections for 12-pulse voltage source converters, operation of 3-level voltage source converters, short compensation and its benefits, controllable VAR generation methods, series capacitive compensation, thyristor controlled reactors, and STATCOMs and TCSCs.
This document summarizes the SPICE model parameters and simulation results for a Toshiba U05GH44 general purpose rectifier diode. It includes the diode part number, manufacturer, SPICE model parameters, and simulation results comparing the diode's forward current, junction capacitance, and reverse recovery characteristics to measurement data, showing good agreement between simulation and measurement.
The document discusses a mobile therapy service called "Invest-in-Life" that brings alternative therapies directly to people's doors. It notes that back pain is the second most common cause of sickness and that Finland had over 675,000 back pain cases in 2011-2012. The solution proposed is a "Pain-Relief-on-Wheels" mobile therapy service that offers various alternative treatment options from a luxury mobile clinic to help drive pain away.
1er Encuentro sobre Educación invitan ASOMATE y U Andina, Comunicado 012 Ernesto Fernández
ASOMATE convoca a los docentes de Valledupar y la región para que participen del Primer Encuentro de Educación organizado por ASOMATE en asocio con la Universidad del Área Andina, en éste brindaremos conferencistas de Bogotá, Pereira y Valledupar en un debate constructivo sobre “Tendencias Tecnológicas de la Formación Virtual”.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
1. Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang kebijaksanaan yang diberikan oleh sabda-sabda Nabi Muhammad SAW dan kebenaran agama yang terkandung di dalam hati setiap manusia.
2. Dzikir dan meditasi dipandang sebagai cara untuk membersihkan hati dan mengenal Tuhan.
3. Tujuan akhir dari semua agama adalah menyadari keesaan Tuhan.
B2B Sports, LLC is a new sports marketing company located in Denver, Colorado. The company aims to help athletes build their personal brands through strategic partnerships and endorsements. B2B Sports promises full-service representation to help clients maximize their earning potential and profile through various marketing avenues.
Dokumen ini memberikan instruksi langkah demi langkah untuk mendapatkan hosting dan sub domain gratis serta melakukan instalasi CMS Wordpress secara otomatis. Langkahnya meliputi pendaftaran akun di multimedia.16mb.com, verifikasi email, memesan sub domain gratis, menunggu aktivasi domain, dan melakukan instalasi Wordpress dengan mengisi nama pengguna dan sandi administrator.
This document contains questions for an exam on radar signal processing. It lists 8 questions, each with two related parts on topics such as:
- The basic principle of pulse radar and frequency bands used for radar applications.
- Delay line cancellers and advantages/disadvantages of line-pulse modulators.
- Constant false alarm rate (CFAR) reference windows and the cell-averaging CFAR concept.
- Clutter mapping techniques for detecting moving targets and examples of radar signal detectors.
- Phase coded pulse compression and properties/performance of radar systems using phase-coded waveforms.
- Moving target detector systems and coincidence detection.
- Frank poly-phase codes and the
R09 quality engineering in manufacturingఅనిల్ జూలూరి
This document contains 8 questions for an exam on quality engineering in manufacturing. The questions cover parameters for quality engineering in design, economic consequences of tolerance limits, robust design, parameter and tolerance design strategies, ANOVA, orthogonal arrays, Six Sigma and Y-X diagrams, and techniques for analyzing problems identified by quality circles. Students are asked to answer any 5 of the 8 questions, each worth 12 marks.
This document contains questions for an exam on power quality for an M.Tech electrical power systems course. The questions cover a range of topics related to power quality including definitions and specifications for different power quality events like voltage sags and swells. Other questions address reliability analysis, fault analysis, voltage tolerance ranges for equipment, mitigation techniques for improving power quality, and diagrams of series voltage controllers. The document provides context and questions for an exam testing student knowledge of concepts in power quality engineering.
This document contains 8 questions related to optimal control theory for an exam. The questions cover various topics:
1) Bellman's principle of optimality and applying it to find optimal trajectories.
2) Deriving recurrence relations for dynamic programming and explaining its characteristics.
3) Finding the optimal control law using the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation to minimize a performance measure.
4) Explaining the fundamental theorem of calculus of variations and determining an extremal for a given functional.
5) Deriving costate equations, determining the control to minimize the Hamiltonian, and boundary conditions for optimal transfer between states.
6) Explaining how two-point boundary value problems can be solved using variation of extrem
This document contains questions for an exam on optical networks. It includes 8 questions related to topics like SONET/SDH transmission formats and rings, add/drop multiplexers and wavelength routing networks, layers in the optical network, protection schemes, photonic packet switching and burst switching, wavelength division multiplexing, optical safety and fiber to the curb networks, and storage area network technologies like ESCON, HIPPI and Gigabit Ethernet. The candidates are required to answer any 5 questions out of the 8 questions given.
The document is an exam paper for an Operations Research course. It contains 8 questions related to topics like linear programming, transportation problem, shortest path problem, and geometric programming. The first question formulates an LPP model to determine the production quantities of 3 products to maximize profit given constraints on raw materials and demand. It asks the candidate to solve the model using the Simplex method.
This document contains questions for an exam on low power VLSI design. It includes 8 questions related to topics like limitations on low voltage and low power design, advanced isolation techniques, CMOS device enhancement, MOSFET models, complementary coupled BICMOS circuits, latches and flip flops for low power, comparing BICMOS logic gates, and short notes on Bipolar SPICE models, lateral BJT on SOI, or chemical mechanical polishing. Students have to answer any 5 questions out of the 8 questions provided.
This document contains an exam for an Instrumentation course with 8 questions. Question 1 defines key terms related to instrumentation accuracy and errors. Question 2 describes the principle and applications of the Bourdon tube and ionization gauge. Question 3 derives an expression for potentiometric transducers and calculates the maximum nonlinearity error and optimal potentiometer value. Question 4 discusses materials used in strain gauges and the relationship between gauge factor and Poisson's ratio. Question 5 explains the magnetostrictive effect and operation of a magnetostrictive transducer and photo pulse pickup transducer. Question 6 describes the principles of dual slope integrating analog to digital conversion. Question 7 explains dual slope ramp digital voltmeters and laser Doppler anemometry. Question 8
Transport mode and tunnel mode are the two modes of IPSec. Transport mode provides protection only for upper layer protocols, while tunnel mode protects the entire IP packet. Some consider IPSec as a replacement for SSL since it provides similar security functions at the network layer instead of the application layer. However, others argue SSL provides additional functionality like authentication.
The AH and ESP protocols provide authentication and encryption respectively in IPSec. While AH provides integrity and data origin authentication, the same functions can also be provided by ESP, so some argue AH is not strictly necessary.
PGP uses the cipher feedback mode instead of cipher block chaining used in most symmetric encryption to provide asynchronous encryption/decryption and allow encrypting data a block
This document appears to be an exam for a Master's of Technology course covering Information Retrieval Systems. It lists 8 potential questions covering topics like browse capabilities in information systems, various data structures used in IR like n-grams and hypertext, thesaurus construction and use, natural language and multimedia queries, selective dissemination of information search, Internet searching, information visualization, automatic term clustering techniques, text search concepts and evaluation measures, and query languages and online public access catalogs. Students have to answer any 5 of the 8 questions in the allotted 3 hours.
This document provides exam questions for a March/April 2011 genetics engineering exam at Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad. The exam contains 8 questions worth a total of 60 marks. Questions cover topics such as construction and advantages of cDNA libraries, co-integration and binary vectors, approaches for detecting nucleic acids, identifying PCR products, chromosome walking and jumping, plant expression promoters, transposons and transposon tagging, restriction enzymes and their nomenclature and classes. Students must answer any 5 of the 8 questions provided.
The document is an exam for a course on Design of Fault Tolerant Systems. It contains 8 questions asking students to:
1) Define reliability and availability of a system and explain the difference between them. High reliability is required in situations where failures are costly.
2) Design 3 configurations of a fault tolerant system using 5 modules and a variety of redundancy components, ranking them by expected reliability.
3) Draw the reliability block diagram for a system whose reliability is given by an equation involving 4 blocks.
4) Explain Berger code and design a totally self-checking checker for given information bits.
5) Design a totally self-checking programmable logic array for a given logic equation
This document appears to be an exam for a course on Advanced Power System Protection. It contains 8 questions related to different types of power system relays and protection schemes. The questions cover topics like quadrilateral relays, reactance relays, distance relays, MHO relays, static relays, transley schemes, carrier current protection, A/D converters, HAAR transforms, microprocessor-based reactance relays, and the advantages of different relay types. The exam is for a Master's level course and asks students to answer any 5 of the 8 multi-part questions, each worth 12 marks.
This document contains questions for an exam on adaptive control theory. It includes 8 questions about various topics in adaptive control systems, such as the different types of adaptive schemes, model reference adaptive systems using the MIT rule, hyperstability and Narendra's error model approaches to MRAS design, self-tuning regulator design using pole placement, hybrid predictor design and hybrid self-tuning algorithms, stochastic adaptive control and dual control, and applications of adaptive control systems in power systems and electric drives.
1er Encuentro sobre Educación invitan ASOMATE y U Andina, Comunicado 012 Ernesto Fernández
ASOMATE convoca a los docentes de Valledupar y la región para que participen del Primer Encuentro de Educación organizado por ASOMATE en asocio con la Universidad del Área Andina, en éste brindaremos conferencistas de Bogotá, Pereira y Valledupar en un debate constructivo sobre “Tendencias Tecnológicas de la Formación Virtual”.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
1. Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang kebijaksanaan yang diberikan oleh sabda-sabda Nabi Muhammad SAW dan kebenaran agama yang terkandung di dalam hati setiap manusia.
2. Dzikir dan meditasi dipandang sebagai cara untuk membersihkan hati dan mengenal Tuhan.
3. Tujuan akhir dari semua agama adalah menyadari keesaan Tuhan.
B2B Sports, LLC is a new sports marketing company located in Denver, Colorado. The company aims to help athletes build their personal brands through strategic partnerships and endorsements. B2B Sports promises full-service representation to help clients maximize their earning potential and profile through various marketing avenues.
Dokumen ini memberikan instruksi langkah demi langkah untuk mendapatkan hosting dan sub domain gratis serta melakukan instalasi CMS Wordpress secara otomatis. Langkahnya meliputi pendaftaran akun di multimedia.16mb.com, verifikasi email, memesan sub domain gratis, menunggu aktivasi domain, dan melakukan instalasi Wordpress dengan mengisi nama pengguna dan sandi administrator.
This document contains questions for an exam on radar signal processing. It lists 8 questions, each with two related parts on topics such as:
- The basic principle of pulse radar and frequency bands used for radar applications.
- Delay line cancellers and advantages/disadvantages of line-pulse modulators.
- Constant false alarm rate (CFAR) reference windows and the cell-averaging CFAR concept.
- Clutter mapping techniques for detecting moving targets and examples of radar signal detectors.
- Phase coded pulse compression and properties/performance of radar systems using phase-coded waveforms.
- Moving target detector systems and coincidence detection.
- Frank poly-phase codes and the
R09 quality engineering in manufacturingఅనిల్ జూలూరి
This document contains 8 questions for an exam on quality engineering in manufacturing. The questions cover parameters for quality engineering in design, economic consequences of tolerance limits, robust design, parameter and tolerance design strategies, ANOVA, orthogonal arrays, Six Sigma and Y-X diagrams, and techniques for analyzing problems identified by quality circles. Students are asked to answer any 5 of the 8 questions, each worth 12 marks.
This document contains questions for an exam on power quality for an M.Tech electrical power systems course. The questions cover a range of topics related to power quality including definitions and specifications for different power quality events like voltage sags and swells. Other questions address reliability analysis, fault analysis, voltage tolerance ranges for equipment, mitigation techniques for improving power quality, and diagrams of series voltage controllers. The document provides context and questions for an exam testing student knowledge of concepts in power quality engineering.
This document contains 8 questions related to optimal control theory for an exam. The questions cover various topics:
1) Bellman's principle of optimality and applying it to find optimal trajectories.
2) Deriving recurrence relations for dynamic programming and explaining its characteristics.
3) Finding the optimal control law using the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation to minimize a performance measure.
4) Explaining the fundamental theorem of calculus of variations and determining an extremal for a given functional.
5) Deriving costate equations, determining the control to minimize the Hamiltonian, and boundary conditions for optimal transfer between states.
6) Explaining how two-point boundary value problems can be solved using variation of extrem
This document contains questions for an exam on optical networks. It includes 8 questions related to topics like SONET/SDH transmission formats and rings, add/drop multiplexers and wavelength routing networks, layers in the optical network, protection schemes, photonic packet switching and burst switching, wavelength division multiplexing, optical safety and fiber to the curb networks, and storage area network technologies like ESCON, HIPPI and Gigabit Ethernet. The candidates are required to answer any 5 questions out of the 8 questions given.
The document is an exam paper for an Operations Research course. It contains 8 questions related to topics like linear programming, transportation problem, shortest path problem, and geometric programming. The first question formulates an LPP model to determine the production quantities of 3 products to maximize profit given constraints on raw materials and demand. It asks the candidate to solve the model using the Simplex method.
This document contains questions for an exam on low power VLSI design. It includes 8 questions related to topics like limitations on low voltage and low power design, advanced isolation techniques, CMOS device enhancement, MOSFET models, complementary coupled BICMOS circuits, latches and flip flops for low power, comparing BICMOS logic gates, and short notes on Bipolar SPICE models, lateral BJT on SOI, or chemical mechanical polishing. Students have to answer any 5 questions out of the 8 questions provided.
This document contains an exam for an Instrumentation course with 8 questions. Question 1 defines key terms related to instrumentation accuracy and errors. Question 2 describes the principle and applications of the Bourdon tube and ionization gauge. Question 3 derives an expression for potentiometric transducers and calculates the maximum nonlinearity error and optimal potentiometer value. Question 4 discusses materials used in strain gauges and the relationship between gauge factor and Poisson's ratio. Question 5 explains the magnetostrictive effect and operation of a magnetostrictive transducer and photo pulse pickup transducer. Question 6 describes the principles of dual slope integrating analog to digital conversion. Question 7 explains dual slope ramp digital voltmeters and laser Doppler anemometry. Question 8
Transport mode and tunnel mode are the two modes of IPSec. Transport mode provides protection only for upper layer protocols, while tunnel mode protects the entire IP packet. Some consider IPSec as a replacement for SSL since it provides similar security functions at the network layer instead of the application layer. However, others argue SSL provides additional functionality like authentication.
The AH and ESP protocols provide authentication and encryption respectively in IPSec. While AH provides integrity and data origin authentication, the same functions can also be provided by ESP, so some argue AH is not strictly necessary.
PGP uses the cipher feedback mode instead of cipher block chaining used in most symmetric encryption to provide asynchronous encryption/decryption and allow encrypting data a block
This document appears to be an exam for a Master's of Technology course covering Information Retrieval Systems. It lists 8 potential questions covering topics like browse capabilities in information systems, various data structures used in IR like n-grams and hypertext, thesaurus construction and use, natural language and multimedia queries, selective dissemination of information search, Internet searching, information visualization, automatic term clustering techniques, text search concepts and evaluation measures, and query languages and online public access catalogs. Students have to answer any 5 of the 8 questions in the allotted 3 hours.
This document provides exam questions for a March/April 2011 genetics engineering exam at Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad. The exam contains 8 questions worth a total of 60 marks. Questions cover topics such as construction and advantages of cDNA libraries, co-integration and binary vectors, approaches for detecting nucleic acids, identifying PCR products, chromosome walking and jumping, plant expression promoters, transposons and transposon tagging, restriction enzymes and their nomenclature and classes. Students must answer any 5 of the 8 questions provided.
The document is an exam for a course on Design of Fault Tolerant Systems. It contains 8 questions asking students to:
1) Define reliability and availability of a system and explain the difference between them. High reliability is required in situations where failures are costly.
2) Design 3 configurations of a fault tolerant system using 5 modules and a variety of redundancy components, ranking them by expected reliability.
3) Draw the reliability block diagram for a system whose reliability is given by an equation involving 4 blocks.
4) Explain Berger code and design a totally self-checking checker for given information bits.
5) Design a totally self-checking programmable logic array for a given logic equation
This document appears to be an exam for a course on Advanced Power System Protection. It contains 8 questions related to different types of power system relays and protection schemes. The questions cover topics like quadrilateral relays, reactance relays, distance relays, MHO relays, static relays, transley schemes, carrier current protection, A/D converters, HAAR transforms, microprocessor-based reactance relays, and the advantages of different relay types. The exam is for a Master's level course and asks students to answer any 5 of the 8 multi-part questions, each worth 12 marks.
This document contains questions for an exam on adaptive control theory. It includes 8 questions about various topics in adaptive control systems, such as the different types of adaptive schemes, model reference adaptive systems using the MIT rule, hyperstability and Narendra's error model approaches to MRAS design, self-tuning regulator design using pole placement, hybrid predictor design and hybrid self-tuning algorithms, stochastic adaptive control and dual control, and applications of adaptive control systems in power systems and electric drives.
This document contains questions from a March/April 2011 M.Tech II Semester Examinations for Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad. The exam is on the topic of power quality and is common to electrical power engineering, power electronics, and power electronics and electric drives. It contains 8 questions, each worth 12 marks, and students are instructed to answer any 5 questions. The questions cover topics such as defining power quality, causes and effects of power quality deterioration, power quality problems and flow charts, terms related to power quality issues, assessing and remedying power quality, data collection and analysis of power quality problems, analyzing sag magnitude in different power system configurations, effects of harmonic distortion on equipment
1. JNTUW
ORLD
Code No: D7401
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M.Tech II - Semester Examinations, March 2011
DISTRIBUTED DATABASES
(PARALLEL COMPUTING)
Time: 3hours Max. Marks: 60
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
- - -
1. What is a Distributed Database Management System? What are the necessary
components for building a distributed database? [12]
2. What is an Operator Graph? How it is used in identification of common sub
expressions. [12]
3. Explain the basic SDD-1 algorithm for constructing reducer program for relations.
[12]
4. Explain the following:
a) Properties of Transactions.
b) Goals of Transaction management. [6+6]
5. Explain about Distributed Deadlocks in detail. [12]
6. Explain Concurrency Control based on Time Stamps in distributed databases.
[12]
7. Write the local recovery procedure for 3-Phase commitment. [12]
8. Explain:
a) Pointer Swizzling.
b) Object query processor architecture. [6+6]
*****
R09
www.jntuworld.com
www.jntuworld.com