The document discusses research methods in legal studies. It explains that research is an organized and systematic way of finding answers to questions. There are two main categories of legal research: doctrinal research, which uses primary sources like statutes and case law reports, as well as secondary sources like textbooks; and non-doctrinal research, which uses methods like interviews, questionnaires, and observation. The document focuses on questionnaires as a tool for non-doctrinal legal research, explaining how they are used to extract data from respondents efficiently while ensuring privacy. It discusses important aspects of designing questionnaires like question format, sequence, and pre-testing.

1. Advocate Simran Amity University,Noida LLM- Tax Law(2020-21) A3268720007

2. Research is an ORGAINISED and SYSTEMATIC
way of FINDING ANSWERS to QUESTION.
Advocate Simran Amity University,Noida LLM- Tax Law(2020-21) A3268720007

3. •Inclusion of particular
Structure/Method in doing researchORGANISED
•Definite set of procedure and steps
SYSTEMATIC
•Outcome of successful research is
an answer. Whether answer to an
hypothesis of simple question.
FINDING
ANSWERS
•Centre to Research
QUESTIONS
Advocate Simran Amity University,Noida LLM- Tax Law(2020-21) A3268720007

4. Study of relationship between the world of the
law and the world law purports to govern
Law researcher is one of the aspect of study of
human behavior , their interactions, attitude
pertaining to any law under the research studies
Advocate Simran Amity University,Noida LLM- Tax Law(2020-21) A3268720007

5. Categories of Legal Research
Doctrinal
Research
Basic Tool for collection
Primary Sources
1. International
Documents
2.Statutory Material
3. Case Reports 4.
Parliamentary
debates and
governmental
reports
Secondary Sources
1. Textbooks and
reference books
2.E- Resource
3. Legal periodicals
Non- Doctrinal
Research
Basic Tool for collection
Primary Sources
1. Interview
2. Questionnaire
3. Observation
4. Projective
Techniques
Secondary Sources
Published and
unpublished
Reports such as
Advocate Simran Amity University,Noida LLM- Tax Law(2020-21) A3268720007

6. QUESTIONNAIRE
The questionnaire was invented by Sir Francis Galton, a British
anthropologist, explorer and statistician, in the late 1800s.
Questionnaire is tool/ instrument made to collect information
A questionnaire is a structured instrument consisting of a series
of data prepared by researcher
A questionnaire is a research tool consisting of a series of
questions and other prompts( facts) asked to individuals to obtain
statistically useful information about a given topic. [ S.Pandya,
2010]
Advocate Simran Amity University,Noida LLM- Tax Law(2020-21) A3268720007

7.  Extract data from respondents
 Limited resources- Time, money and
resources
 Ensures Speed and accuracy
 Necessary to ensure participants’ privacy
 Corroborate findings
Advocate Simran Amity University,Noida LLM- Tax Law(2020-21) A3268720007

8.  TITLE
◦ Identifies the domain of research
◦ Clear and precise
◦ Captivating
 GENRAL INTRODUCTION
◦ Includes description of the purpose of Study
◦ Confidentiality constraint
◦ Requesting honest answers
 SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS
◦ Concise demonstration
 QUESTIONS SCHEDULE
 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ( EG: copy to be send to the
respondent)
 THANK YOU
Advocate Simran Amity University,Noida LLM- Tax Law(2020-21) A3268720007

9. Advocate Simran Amity University,Noida LLM- Tax Law(2020-21) A3268720007

10. Advocate Simran Amity University,Noida LLM- Tax Law(2020-21) A3268720007

11.  OPEN ENDED QUESTIONS
◦ Sentence ; Story; Picture Completion
◦ Completely Unstructured – state your opinion
◦ Word association- mention the first word as comes to
your mind
◦ Thematic apperception test
 CLOSED ENDED QUESTIONS
◦ FIXED SET OF RESPONSES
 Dichotomous- 2 options are given to respondent
 Nominal polytomous- more than 2 unordered
questions
 Ordinal polytomous- more than 2 ordered options
 Bounded/ Continuous- presented with a continuous
scale
Advocate Simran Amity University,Noida LLM- Tax Law(2020-21) A3268720007

12.  CASCADE FORMAT
◦ Several questions lined
◦ Unasked but needs real understanding
◦ Another question is responded only if
the previous has a particular response
Cyber Laws should be developed?
Yes/ No
If yes, whether these shold be developed in more strict
sense?.........
Advocate Simran Amity University,Noida LLM- Tax Law(2020-21) A3268720007

13.  MATRIX QUESTIONS
◦ Identical response category
◦ Questions placed one under another
◦ Forming matrix with response category
Advocate Simran Amity University,Noida LLM- Tax Law(2020-21) A3268720007

14. Advocate Simran Amity University,Noida LLM- Tax Law(2020-21) A3268720007

15. Advocate Simran Amity University,Noida LLM- Tax Law(2020-21) A3268720007

16.  Sequence of Question
 Question construction
◦ Specific, concise and unambiguous
◦ Avoid leading questions
◦ Avoid double questions
 Statistical consideration
◦ Methods of analysing before framing question
◦ How to analyse the responses precisely
 Pre- Test
Advocate Simran Amity University,Noida LLM- Tax Law(2020-21) A3268720007

17. Advocate Simran Amity University,Noida LLM- Tax Law(2020-21) A3268720007

18. Thank you
Advocate Simran Amity University,Noida LLM- Tax Law(2020-21) A3268720007