42. Six Sigma Quality
(六標準差品質)
‧六標差可讓管理者可依製程的變異程度，來描述
製程的績效，並可藉由每百萬機會缺點數
( Defects Per Million Opportunities DPMO)
矩陣比較不同的製程。
‧ 1.單位：生產的產品或服務
‧ 2.缺點：任何不符合顧客需求的產品或事件
‧ 3.機會：缺點發生的機會
缺點
DPMO = x 1,000,000
[每單位錯誤的機會數 ] x 單位數
43. Six Sigma Quality
(六標準差品質)
Example of Defects Per Million Opportunities So, for every one
(DPMO) calculation. Suppose we observe million letters
200 letters delivered incorrectly to the delivered this
wrong addresses in a small city during a city’s postal
single day when a total of 200,000 managers can
letters were delivered. What is the DPMO expect to have
in this situation? 1,000 letters
incorrectly sent
to the wrong
address.
200
DPMO = x 1,000,000 = 1, 000
[ 1 ] x 200,000
46. Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and Continuous
Improvement: Flow Chart(流程圖）
Material No,
Received Inspect Continue…
from Material for Defects
Supplier Defects found?
Yes
Can be used to
find quality Return to
problems Supplier
for Credit
47. Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and Continuous
Improvement: Run Chart（進行圖）
Can be used to identify
when equipment or
processes are not
behaving according to
Diameter
0.58 specifications
0.56
0.54
0.52
0.5
0.48
0.46
0.44
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Time (Hours)
48. Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and Continuous
Improvement: Pareto Analysis（柏拉圖）
Can be used 80%
to find when
80% of the
problems Frequency
may be
attributed to
20% of the
causes
Design Assy. Purch. Training Other
Instruct.
49. Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and
Continuous Improvement: Checksheet（查檢表）
制式化的基本表單，提供欲記錄
資料的使用．
Monday
Billing Errors
Wrong Account
Wrong Amount
A/R Errors
Wrong Account
Wrong Amount
51. Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and
Continuous Improvement: Cause & Effect
Diagram（因果圖／魚骨圖）
Possible causes: The results
or effect
Machine（機器） Man（人）
Environment Effect事
Method(方法） Material（材料）
Can be used to systematically track backwards to
find a possible cause of a quality problem (or
effect)
52. Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and Continuous
Improvement: Control Charts（管制圖）
Can be used to monitor ongoing production process
quality and quality conformance to stated standards of
quality
1020
UCL
1010
1000
990
980
LCL
970
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
53. Six Sigma Roles and Responsibilities
（六標準差的角色與職責）
1. Executive leaders must champion the
process of improvement（高階領導者）
2. Corporation-wide training in Six Sigma
concepts and tools（公司全體進行六標準差觀
念與工具的教育訓練）
3. Setting stretch objectives for improvement
（設定多項的改善目標）
4. Continuous reinforcement and rewards
(持續地加強與奬勵）
61. ISO9000
ISO 9000 系列在生產流程的應用範圍與使用規範
設計開發 採購 生產 安裝 服務
ISO9003
ISO9002
ISO9001
ISO 9001--設計、生產、安裝與服務之品質保證模式。
ISO 9002—採購、生產、安裝之品質保證模式。
ISO 9003--最終檢驗測試之品質保證模式。
