This document discusses notes and rests in music notation. It explains that notes represent pitch and duration of sound, while rests represent duration of silence. The value or number of beats of each note and rest determines the length of the sound or silence. Whole notes get 4 beats, half notes get 2 beats, quarter notes get 1 beat, and so on with smaller subdivisions getting fewer beats. Dotted notes increase the value by half the underlying note's value. The document provides examples of different note and rest values and durations.