The document presents an overview of Python programming, highlighting its simplicity compared to other languages such as Java and C++. It outlines key components of Python including its basic operations, commands, conditional statements, and file handling techniques. Additionally, the author acknowledges the online course resources that facilitated their learning experience.

2. PRESENTED BY
NAME: INDRANEEL BHATTACHARYA DEGREE/BRANCH/SECTION: BTECH. CSE - F
REG NO: RA1611003030376 YEAR/SEM: 3RD YEAR, 5TH SEMESTER

3. INDEX
• ACKNOWLEDGMENT
• INTRODUCTION
• KEY COMPONENTS
• KEY COMMANDS
• STRINGS
• ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
• LOGICAL OPERATIONS
• CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS
• LOOPING STATEMENTS
• FILE HANDLING
• LISTS

4. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
• THIS IS TO ACKNOWLEDGE THE VERY ESTEEMED ONLINE COURSE SITE WHO HAVE HELPED ME BUILDING
CERTAIN PROGRAM AS A START-UP FOR THE REST OF MY PROGRAMMING. I LOVED THE COURSE SITE DUE
TO ITS ABILITY TO FEED TO OUR COMPREHENSION BY MEANS OF MULTIMEDIA LECTURES, PRACTICING
GRADED QUIZ AND ASSIGNMENTS, EVEN THEY HAVE ASKED FOR CERTAIN REVIEWS TO KNOW OUR
GENUINE FEEDBACK. SUCH SITES MUST BE PROMOTED BECAUSE NOT ALL THINGS ARE LEARNT FROM
BOOK, WE HAVE TO LOOK AT THE SURROUNDINGS GIVING A BETTER KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCES. I
WOULD LIKE TO THANK MY BELOVED INSTITUTION TO AID ME OUT IN CULMINATING THE PEAK OF MY
KNOWLEDGE TO THE HIGHEST POSSIBLE.

5. INTRODUCTION
• PYTHON IS ONE OF THE VERY POWERFUL LANGUAGE AFTER JAVA, DESPITE BEING INTRODUCED AFTER THE LATTER. BESIDES
BEING AN OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE LIKE JAVA, PYTHON MAKES USE OF SIMPLIFIED STATEMENT AND
FEW COMMAND LINES INVOLVING COMPLEX FUNCTIONALITY. IN OTHER WORDS, PYTHON USES FEW NUMBER OF SIMPLE
COMMANDS FOR A PROGRAM WHILE PROGRAMS WRITTEN IN C, C++, JAVA ARE ORGANISED COMPARATIVELY MORE
COMPLEX FOR THE SAME. FOR PYTHON, THERE IS NO NEED FOR VARIABLE DECLARATION, THE TYPE OF DATA INPUT TO A
SPECIFIC VARIABLE GIVES THE RESPECTIVE VARIABLE ITS DATATYPE, WHEREAS IN JAVA WE USED TO DECLARE VARIABLE
AND ASSIGN VALUES TO IT. UNLIKE THE OTHER LANGUAGES, PYTHON DOESN’T MAKE USE OF HEADER FILE INCLUSION,
NEITHER THE BLOCKS OPERATORS NOR THE INPUT/OUTPUT DECLARATION STATEMENTS. PYTHON MAKES USE OF
INDENTATION IN THE LOOPING AND CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS SO AS TO GIVE ITS EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING. MOREOVER
PYTHON LANGUAGE DOESN’T USE THE SEMICOLON ‘;’, AS USED BY OTHER OOP LANGUAGES, TO CLOSE THE
STATEMENTS/EXPRESSIONS.

6. KEY COMPONENTS
• STRINGS
• ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
• RELATIONAL OPERATIONS
• LOGICAL OPERATIONS
• CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS
• LOOPING STATEMENTS
• FILE OPERATION
• LISTS

7. KEY COMMANDS
• INPUT() – INPUTS DATA
• FLOAT()--CONVERTS TO FLOAT
• DOUBLE()--CONVERTS TO DOUBLE
• INT()—CONVERTS TO INTEGER
• RANGE()-CREATES LIST OF WHOLE NUMS
• PRINT() – PRINTS DATA
• APPEND()-ADDS DATA TO LIST
• OPEN()-OPEN A FILE
• READ()-READ FROM A FILE
• SORT()-WRITE TO A FILE
• UPPER() – CONVERTS ALL CHARS TO UPPERCASE
• LOWER() – CONVERS ALL CHARS TO LOWER.
• LEN()-FINDS LENGTH OF STRING OR LIST.

8. STRINGS
• STRINGS IN PYTHON ARE A COLLECTION OF CHARACTERS TAKEN IN A PROPER SEQUENCE AND ARE
ENCLOSED EITHER WITHIN THE SINGLE QUOTES OR DOUBLE QUOTES. THEY ARE REPRESENTED AS PER
FOLLOWING SYNTAX:
• <VARIABLE NAME> = “ANYTEXT” OR <VARIABLE NAME> = ‘ANY TEXT’

9. ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
• LIKE ALL OTHER LANGUAGES, PYTHON MAKES USE OF ARITHMETIC OPERATION AS WELL. THERE ARE SIX
BASIC OPERATION:
• SUMMATION ( + )
• DIFFERENCE ( - )
• MULTIPLICATION ( * )
• QUOTIENT ( / )
• REMAINDER/MODULUS ( % )
• POWER ( ** )

10. RELATIONAL OPERATIONS
• THE RELATIONAL OPERATIONS ARE NOTHING NEW IN PYTHON SINCE THE SAME RELATIONAL OPERATORS
ARE USED IN IT JUST AS THE ONE USED IN OTHER OOP LANGUAGES. THE FOLLOWING ARE THE RELATIONAL
OPERATORS FOR PYTHON:
• EQUAL TO -- ‘ == ’
• GREATER THAN -- ‘ > ’
• LESS THAN -- ‘ < ’
• EQUAL OR MORE -- ‘ >= ’
• EQUAL OR LESS -- ‘ <= ’
• NOT EQUAL -- ‘ != ’

11. LOGICAL OPERATIONS
• UNLIKE OOP LANGUAGES LIKE C, C++, JAVA, PYTHON USES ONLY THREE LOGICAL OPERATORS. THEY ARE
NON-SPECIFIC IN NATURE, IE, THEY CAN EITHER BE BITWISE OR BOOLEAN. THEY ARE EXPRESSED IN
WORDS WHICH ARE AS FOLLOWS:
• ‘AND’
• ‘OR’
• ‘NOT’

12. CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS
• THERE ARE ONLY FOUR WAYS OF CONDITIONAL
OPERATIONS IN THE PYTHON LANGUAGE. THEY ARE –
• USING ONLY IF: THE “IF” STATEMENT IN PYTHON CAN BE
WRITTEN AS
• IF <CONDITION>:
• <BODY>
• USING IF-ELSE: THE “IF-ELSE” CAN BE WRITTEN AS
• IF <CONDITION>:
• <BODY 1>
• ELSE:
• <BODY 2>
• USING IF-ELIF: THE “IF-ELIF” CAN BE WRITTEN AS
• IF <CONDITION 1>:
• <BODY 1>
• ELIF <CONDITION 2:
• <BODY 2>
• USING IF0ELIF-ELSE: THE “IF-ELIF-ELSE” CAN BE WRITTEN
AS
• IF <CONDITION 1>:
• <BODY 1>
• ELIF <CONDITION 2>:
• <BODY 2>
• ELSE:
• <BODY 3>

13. LOOPING STATEMENTS
• THERE ARE TWO WAYS OF THE LOOPING OPERATIONS –
• USING “WHILE” STATEMENT: THE PYTHON USES THE “WHILE” STATEMENTS JUST LIKE THE OTHER OOP LANGUAGES, HOWEVER THE “WHILE”
HEADER ENDS WITH THE COLON ‘:’ THE SYNTAX IS:
• WHILE <CONDITION>:
• <BODY>
• USING “FOR” STATEMENT: JUST LIKE THE ABOVE MENTIONED “WHILE” STATEMENT ENDING WITH COLON ‘:’, PYTHON TOO USES SEMICOLON TO
END THE HEADER FOR THE “FOR” STATEMENT HOWEVER THESE STATEMENTS IN PYTHON HAVE A SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT SYNTAX THAN THE OOP’S
“FOR” STATEMENT. IT USES AN ITERATOR AND AN ARRAY OF NUMBERS OR OTHER DATA TYPES. THE PYTHON “FOR” STATEMENT AUTOMATICALLY
INCREMENTS AND THE SYNTAX IS:
• FOR <ITERATOR> IN <ARRAY>:
• <BODY>
• NOTE: THERE SHOULD BE PROPER INDENTATION OF THE COMMANDS IN SUCH LOOPING STATEMENTS SO AS TO EFFECTIVELY CARRY
OUT.

14. FILE HANDLING• THE FILES ARE HANDLED IN SIMPLER TECHNIQUES IN PYTHON JUST BY OPENING A FILE USING OPEN()
FUNCTION AND USE READ() UNCTION. THE READ-WRITE OPERATION CAN ALSO BE DONE IN THE OPEN()
FUNCTION ITSELF. THE CODING IS UNLIKE THE OOP LANGUAGE WHICH INVOLVES COMPLEX CODING FOR
FILE OPERATION. THE FILE OPENING AND CLOSING IN PYTHON IS INSTANTANEOUS. THEY ARE WRITTEN AS
• <VARIABLE> = OPEN(“FILE NAME”, “READ/WRITE MODE”) OR
• <VARIABLE 1> = OPEN(“FILE NAME”)
<VARIABLE 2> = <VARIABLE 1>.READ() OR
• <VARIABLE 1> = OPEN(“FILE NAME”)
<VARIABLE 2> = <VARIABLE 1>.WRITE()

15. LISTS
• LISTS ARE LIKE THE ARRAYS IN PYTHON. UNLIKE THE OOP LANGUAGES THAT USE THE BRACES “{}”
ENCLOSING THE ARRAY ELEMENTS, PYTHON RATHER USES BLOCKS “[]”. ANY DATA TYPE IS SUPPORTED IN
THE LIST CAN BE DIFFERENT. LISTS ARE ASSIGNED TO A SINGLE VARIABLE AS
• <VARIABLE> = [ ELEMENT 1, ELEMENT 2, ELEMENT 3, …]
• LISTS CAN BE CONCATENATED IN A VERY SIMPLE WAY. JUST AS MENTIONED ABOVE, IF WE ASSUME TWO
LISTS ASSIGNED TO THEIR RESPECTIVE VARIABLES “A” AND “B” AND THEY HAVE THEIR OWN SEQUENCE,
THEN THE “+”OPERATOR WILL CONCATENATE THEM. HOWEVER SEQUENCING SHOULD BE TAKEN INTO
ACCOUNT BECAUSE THE B+A AND A+B HAVE DIFFERENT SEQUENCE.
• EG: IF B=[1,2] AND G=[3,4] THEN B+G=[1,2,3,4] AND G+B=[3,4,1,2]

16. THAN YOU
©COPYRIGHT INDRANEEL BHATTACHARYA, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED