diabetes

1. PSYCHOSOCIAL THERAPIES IN DIABETES
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2. INTRODUCTION :
 Diabetes is a chronic, often debilitating and
sometimes fatal disease, in which the body either
cannot produce insulin or cannot properly use the
insulin it produces.
 Insulin is a hormone that facilitates the entry of
glucose into the cell.
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3. OBJECTIVE:
To highlight the significance of psychosocial
issues in diabetes care and key advances in the
field separately for children, adolescents, and
adults.
To provide examples of key findings from the
field of behavioral research addressing
psychosocial issues and therapies.
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4. CASE REVIEW :
I. Diabetes can adversely affect both
psychosocial and neurocognitive
functioning, potentially affecting the
quality of life of the child and the entire
family.
II. Psychosocial factors can also influence
regimen adherence and glycemic
control.
III. Therefore, psychosocial factors are very
important to consider in the
management of children and
adolescents with diabetes.
IV. With children as patients, families play a
significant role in diabetes management
and are instrumental in the
implementation of interventions.
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5. WHY ? BECAUSE :
• The incidence of type 1
diabetes in young
children has increased
in recent years.
• Obesity
• The incidence of type 2
diabetes has been
increasingly recognized
in older children and
adolescents.
• obesity
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6. PSYCHOSOCIAL FUNCTIONING :
TYPE I DIABETES →RISKFACTOR →PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
CHILDREN :
• Post Diabetes diagnosis
↓
adjustment problems
↓ ↓
Recovered not recovered
poor adaption to diabetes
poor metabolic rate
psychiatric problems
regimen problem
adherence problem
ADOLESCENTS:
Adolescents With diabetes
↓
Psychiatric disorders (1/3rd) +internalizing
symptoms
↓
• Depression
• Poor glycemic control
• Lower esteem
• eating disorders
• Worse metabolic control
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7. Neurocognitive functioning:
 > 5 yrs /episodes of
hypoglycemia
↓
Neurocognitive deficits
↓
 visual-spatial functioning
 memory dysfunctioning
 decreased in conceptual
learning
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8. Psychosocial factors can also influence regimen
adherence and glycemic control.
 Family factors are significantly associated with regimen
adherence and metabolic control in children and adolescents.
 low levels of family conflict and stress
 high levels of cohesion and organization
 good communication skills
 Appropriate involvement of both parents and children in
diabetes management have been associated with higher levels
of regimen adherence and better metabolic control
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9. PSYCHOSOCIAL THERPIES:
Psychosocial interventions for
diabetic youth is family as an
integral part of treatment.
Evidence also suggests that
social support may buffer the
negative effect of environ-
mental stress on blood glucose.
 Recent human studies
support the idea that stress may
increase the risk for type 2
diabetes .
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10. RESULTS & DISCUSSION :
 Integrating behavioral and
psychosocial services into routine
pediatric diabetes care in clinical
settings and addressing issues
such as clinical significance,
social accept-ability, and cost-
effectiveness. Such studies should
include long-term follow-up to
demonstrate maintenance of
behavior change and positive
health outcomes, as well as
positive impacts on psychosocial
functioning and quality of life.
 particularly for patients on
intensive insulin regimens. there
is an association of hypoglycemia
with neurocognitive deficits, and
on the other hand, there is
increasing use of intensive insulin
regimens to reduce
hyperglycemia.
 It is also important to determine ways
to prevent severe, recurrent
hypoglycemiaglycemia.
 consideration of individual patients'
functioning
 It is also important to consider family
relationships as outcome measures of
psychosocial therapies.
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11. CONCLUSION :
Behavioral science research has demonstrated that
psychosocial (actors play an integral role in the
management of diabetes in both children and adults.
It is also shown the efficacy of a number of
psychosocial therapies that can improve regimen
adherence, glycemic control, psychosocial
functioning, and quality of life.
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