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Psychopharmacology- for students of counseling
- 2. DEFINITION Study of molecules used as medication in the treatment of mental disorders
- 3. TOXICOLOGY MOLECULES which are toxic to the brain....including psychoactive drugs of abuse
- 4. WHO writes? • Qualified medical practitioners • Cross-pathy prescription is not generally allowed- definitely not for psychotropic medications
- 5. STRUCTURE 1. Full name, qualification and medical council registration number 2. Contact details 3. Name, age, sex, weight, contact details of patient 4. Name of drug in generics and capital letters with dose, dosing schedule 5. Signature with stamp
- 6. SPECIAL PRESCRIPTIONS • Methylphenidate- 3 copies
- 7. DRUG IDENTIFICATION • Much difficult in India • Apps for foreign drugs where system is completely different • Based on size, shape, colour, dosing and effects
- 8. CLASSIFICATION • ANTIDEPRESSANTS • ANTI ANXIETY • ANTIPSYCHOTICS • MOOD STABILISERS • SEDATIVE HYPNOTICS • ANTICHOLINERGICS • OTHERS
- 9. ANTI DEPRESSANT • Primary use in unipolar depression and anxiety disorders. Never to be used in bipolar disorders • TCAs- tri and tetra- older drugs- sleeping pills • Newer SSRIs- not much sleep • Still others- venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, mirtazapine, bupropion, milnapcipran • Action and side effects – TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION- UNIPOLAR
- 10. ANTI ANXIETY • Primary use for anxiety disorders • All antidepressants • Anti hypertensives • Buspiron, benzodiazepine for limited duration and rare cases
- 11. ANTI PSYCHOTICS • Mainly for treatment of psychotic symptoms. • Typical- CPM, HPL, TFP, FPX, ZPX • Atypical- Risp, olan, zipra, cloz, arip, luras, amisul, quet • Mode of use and side effects TREATMENT OF PSYCHOSES
- 12. MOOD STABILISERS • Primary use in bipolar mood disorders • Lithium, valproate, carb, oxcarb, lamo, levatiracetam • Atypical antipsychotics • USE and side effects – Treatment of bipolar disorders
- 13. SEDATIVE HYPNOTICS • Primarily to calm and induce sleep • Older drugs- barbiturates- no longer used • Benzodiazepines- lorazepam, clonazepam, diazepam, oxazepam, chlordiazepoxide • USE and side effects TREATMENT OF INSOMNIA
- 14. ANTI CHOLINERGICS • Primarily to reduce side effects of antipsychotics • Promethazine, trihexiphenidyl USE and side effects
- 15. OTHERS • Hyperactivity • Drug dependence • Dementia • Sexual dysfunction
- 16. SOMATIC TREATMENTS • Electro convulsive therapy • TMS • DBS • Surgery
- 17. HOW DO THEY WORK? • Same as therapies • Structure of brain- – Lobes – Neurons – Synapses – Receptors – Neurotransmitters
- 18. MECHANISM OF ACTION... • Increase secretion/ decrease secretion • Inhibit or activate receptors • Compete with problem chemical preventing their action • Act on carrier proteins • Increase/ decrease number of receptors- delayed onset of action
- 19. WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW? • Who is the doctor? • What are medications being used • Effects of medications • Side effects of medications • When to alert the patient • Attitude towards medication
- 20. YOUR KIT • Names of drug • Brand names • Conditions used in • Side effects
- 21. COUNSELORS ROLE • Diagnose • Network • Educate • Support • Refer
- 22. REFERENCES • ‘PSYCHOTHERAPISTS GUIDE TO PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY’ By GITLIN