drugs

1. •management of dopamine drug

2. LEARNING OUTCOME
1. Able to list drugs related to parkinsonism and antipsychotic
drugs
2. State the drugs use in treating parkinson and scizopenia
3. Explain the drug action and the pharmacology principles

3. ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS.
• Antipsychotic drugs ( also called neuroleptics or major tranquillizers ) are
used primarily to treat schizophrenia ( a biologic illness ) , but they are also
effective in other psychotic states, including manic states with psychotics
symptoms such as grandiosity, paranoia, and hallucinations and delusions.
National Institute of Mental Health
• Antipsychotic drugs are not curative and do not eliminate the chronic
thought disorder, but they often decreased the intensity of hallucination
and delusions and permit the person with schizophrenia to function in a
supportive environment.

4. MECHANISM OF ACTION
• The exact mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs is not
well understood. These drugs are thought to act by inhibiting
or blocking the release of the neurohormone dopamine in the
brain and possibly increasing the firing of nerve cells in certain
areas of the brain. These effects may suppress the symptoms
of certain psychotic disorders.

5. ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS.
Two categories.
• First generation ( older ) antipsychotics
• Second generation ( newer ) antipsichotics.
Both types can potentially work well, but the difference is the
side effect.

6. FIRST-GENERATION ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
• These first generation antipsychotics have frequent and potentially
significant neurological side effects,including the possibility of developing a
movement disorder ( tardive dyskinesia ) that may or may not be reversible.
• Drugs example :
Chlorpromazine,
 Fluphenazine,
Haloperidol,
Perphenazine.
• This drugs also cheaper than the second generation,especially the generic
versions, which can be an important consideration when long term
treatment is necessary.

7. SECOND-GENERATION ANTIPSYCHOTICS
Aripiprazole Lurasidone
Asenapine Olanzapine
Brexpiprazole Paliperidone
Cariprazine Quetiapine
Clozapine Risperidone
Iloperidone Ziprasidone
These newer medication are generally preferred because they pose a
lower risk of serious side effects than first-generation antipsychotics.
Second generation drugs :

8. SCHIZOPHRENIA.
• schizophrenia is a chronic,severe mental disoder that affects
the way person thinks,acts,exprrsses emotions,preceives
reality and related to other.
• symptom: delusions, hallucination and catatonia.
www.webmd.com
drugs : CLOZAPINE

9. CLOZAPINE
• oral administration
• peak plasma level : 2 hours after consumption
• half life : 12hours (BD dose)
• elimination : urine and feces

10. ADVERSE EFFECT OF DRUGS
• drowsy
• dizziness
• blurry vision
• dry mouth
• rapid heartbeat
• sensitivity to sun
• skin rash
• menstrual problem

11. CONCLUSION
• Antipsychotics are widely used medications for a variety of mental
health disorders. While effective, these drugs do have many potent side
effects. Healthcare workers including pharmacists and nurses need to be
aware of the adverse effects because they can seriously affect the quality
of life. To avoid the metabolic effects of these drugs, the patient needs
to be educated on lifestyle changes. Regular exercise, discontinuation of
smoking and eating a healthy diet are important.

12. REFERENCES
• https://www.webmd.com/schizophrenia/mental-health-schizophrenia
• https://www.drugs.com/sfx/clozapine-side-effects.html
• https://www.webmd.com/bipolar-disorder/guide/antipsychotic-medication
• https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-
medications/index.shtml#part_149866