Psm imp viva definitons

1. Demography
Demography is the scientific study of human populations
primarily with respect to their size, structure and
development.

2. Planning Cycle
Planning cycle is a step-by-step process that includes the
following stages: analysis of the health situation,
establishment of objectives and goals, assessment of
resources, fixing priorities, formulation of plan,
programming and implementation, and monitoring and
evaluation.

3. Screening
Screening is the identification of unrecognized disease or
defect by the application of tests, examinations or other
procedures which can be applied rapidly.

4. Biomedical Waste (BMW)
Biomedical waste is any waste which is generated during
the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human
beings or animals or in research activities pertaining
thereto or in the production or testing of biologicals.

5. Vaccine
A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves
immunity to a particular disease. It usually contains an
agent resembling a disease-causing microorganism and is
often made from weakened or killed forms of the
microbe or its toxins or one of its surface proteins.

6. Immunization
Immunization is the process by which an individual's
immune system becomes fortified against an agent
(known as the immunogen).

7. Health
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social
well-being and not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity.

8. Primary Health Care
Primary health care is essential health care made
universally accessible to individuals and acceptable to
them through their full participation and at a cost the
community and country can afford.

9. Incidence Rate
Incidence rate may be defined as the number of new
cases occurring in a defined population during a specified
period of time.

10. Prevalence Rate
Prevalence rate is the total number of all cases (both old
and new) existing in a given population at a point or
period of time.

11. Surveillance
Surveillance is the continuous scrutiny of the factors that
determine the occurrence and distribution of disease or
health-related events.

12. Disinfection
Disinfection is the process of killing or removing most
pathogenic organisms, except bacterial spores, from
inanimate objects.

13. Sterilization
Sterilization is the process by which an article, surface or
medium is freed of all living microorganisms, either in
vegetative or spore state.